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"Gunung Payung, Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon, merupakan kawasan yang masih memiliki hutan hujan tropis yang tersisa di dataran rendah P. Jawa. Sejumlah penelitian telah dilakukan di Gunung Payung, namun belum ada satupun penelitian yang membahas secara khusus mengenai jenis - jenis tumbuhan paku dan likofit. Tujuan penelitian kali ini adalah menginventarisasi dan mengidentifikasi jenis - jenis tumbuhan paku dan likofit yang terdapat di Gunung Payung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode jelajah bebas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Gunung Payung memiliki 55 jenis tumbuhan paku dan empat jenis likofit. Dari 59 jenis yang diperoleh, terdapat 29 jenis tumbuhan paku dan 3 jenis likofit merupakan rekaman baru untuk Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon. Satu jenis tumbuhan paku dipertimbangkan sebagai rekaman baru untuk Pulau Jawa, yaitu Asplenium phyllitidis.

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Mt Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), is a location where tropical forest of Java’s lowland remain exist. Previously, botanical exploration has been conducted in this area, but none of them focus on ferns and lycophytes.Research aimed to inventroy and identify ferns and lycophytes found in Mt Payung. Specimens collected from several accessible location in Mt Payung.

Fifty five species of ferns and four species of lycophytes has been recorded during this research. Twenty nine ferns and three lycophytes considered as new record for UKNP. Asplenium phyllitidis has been found during the research and considered as new record of ferns in Java."

"Studi mengenai respons burung terhadap efek tepi telah dilakukan pada tiga tipe habitat yaitu kawasan hutan, kawasan agrisilvikultur dan kawasan tepi Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS). Studi dilakukan pada bulan Agustus--September 2014 dan Maret--April 2015 di ketiga tipe habitat yang terletak di desa Sumberejo dan Pemerihan, Lampung Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah point count dalam transek sejauh 1 km yang dibuat masing-masing ke arah hutan dan kebun dengan jarak antar titik yaitu 200 m. Hasil Cluster Analysis menghasilkan 8 kelompok dengan komposisi yang berbeda Secara umum, komunitas burung di TNBBS didominasi oleh spesialis tepi (ST). Sebanyak 30 jenis burung merespon positif terhadap keberadaan tepi dan didominasi oleh jenis dari suku Pycnonotidae. Namun, analisis berdasarkan tipe tepi menunjukkan bahwa komunitas burung TNBBS merespon negatif terhadap keberadaan jalan. Faktor vegetasi seperti komposisi vegetasi dan bukaan kanopi, serta tingkat intensitas gangguan diduga memengaruhi komposisi burung yang terdapat di kawasan tersebut. Struktur vegetasi yang lebih kompleks pada kawasan tepi berpotensi sebagai penyedia sumberdaya yang lebih beragam bagi komunitas burung. Namun, gangguan seperti aktivitas kendaraan dan perubahan lahan dapat berpengaruh terhadap ketidakhadiran jenis yang membutuhkan area yang lebih luas seperti Enggang gading dan Kuau raja. Kajian mengenai efek tepi terhadap burung diperlukan untuk menunjang manajemen konservasi biodiversitas di kawasan tepi TNBBS.

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A study on bird community response to edge effect along the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) was conducted on August--September 2014 and March--April 2015 in three types of habitat: forest, agriculture and edge at Pemerihan and Sumberejo villages, West Lampung. The aim of the study was to determine the bird composition based on the habitat type and edge type. The bird survey was carried out using point count method in 1 km transect that established in both forest and agriculture area in those districts. Each transect composed of six point counts at 200 m intervals. By using Cluster Analysis, eight cluster represented each response of bird species to edge type and habitat type. The result showed, in general, edge area in BBSNP has the highest number of bird species than the other type of habitat. Thirty species was classified as edge species and dominated by species from Pycnonotidae. There were no number of birds in cluster which has high abundance in edge area with road as its edge type. The disturbance intensity and vegetation are the most important factors that affected the presence of bird in each habitat with different type of edge. Vegetation complexity along edge, as a combination between forest and agriculture, provides more resource for birds. Despite the benefit, the presence of road and habitat encroachment along the edge may probably responsible to the absence of forest-dependent species such as Helmeted hornbill and Great argus. More research on edge response on birds may support the better the management system of edge area around BBSNP, West Lampung."

"Sebanyak 57 jenis Angiosperma epifit (6 jenis merupakan hemiepifit) dari 12 suku tercatat selama eksplorasi di Gunung Payung. Jumlah angiosperma epifit yang dijumpai lebih kurang 10,08% dari total jumlah jenis di Jawa. Orchidaceae merupakan suku dengan anggota terbanyak, yaitu 31 jenis atau menyusun 60,78% dari total jenis yang ditemukan. Trichotosia fusca, jenis di Jawa belum banyak diketahui, tercatat selama pengamatan di Gunung Payung.

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A total of 57 species of epiphytic angiosperms (6 as hemiepiphytes) from twelves families of angiosperms were recorded during exploration in Mount Payung. Orchidaceae is the most diverse family with total of 31 species or 60.78% from total number of species found. Compared to Java, a number of 10.08% of epiphytic angiosperms can be found in Mount Payung. Trichotosia fusca, an insufficiently known orchids in Java, found during exploration."

"Program rehabilitasi owa jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Pusat Penyelamatan dan Rehabilitasi Javan Gibbon Center (JGC) bertujuan untuk memulihkan kondisi kesehatan dan perilaku sebelum direintroduksi ke alam liar. JGC telah mereintroduksi pasangan owa jawa Sadewa dan Kiki pada Juni 2013 di Gunung Puntang, Pegunungan Malabar, Bandung Selatan. Akan tetapi, Sadewa dan Kiki berpisah setelah direintroduksi. Berpisahnya pasangan yang telah direintroduksi diduga karena kurang kuatnya pair bonding antarpasangan. Penelitian mengenai perilaku pasangan owa jawa telah dilakukan di JGC dengan menggunakan metode scan sampling dan ad libitum sampling terhadap 10 owa jawa. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Oktober--November 2013 sejak pukul 06.00--16.00 wib dengan interval pengambilan data 5 menit. Perilaku pasangan yang diamati meliputi perilaku sosial (afiliatif dan agonistik), proximity, vokalisasi, dan perilaku harian (locomotion, makan, istirahat, stereotypic behavior, dan perilaku lainnya). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa P2 memiliki perilaku sosial tertinggi (9,03% ± 0,29), kemudian P1 (4,16% ± 0,19), P3 (0,97% ± 0,09), dan Adhy-Cika (0,83% ± 0,09), namun P1 memiliki pair bonding yang lebih kuat karena telah berhasil melakukan kopulasi dan memiliki anak. P1 dan P2 memiliki persentase aktivitas harian dan sosial yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan Sadewa- Kiki dan Septa-Echi yang sudah direintroduksi, sehingga penyebab berpisahnya Sadewa-Kiki bukan karena tidak memiliki pair bonding.

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Rehabilitation program in Javan Gibbon Center (JGC) aims to restore physical and behavior condition before release. JGC has reintroduced Sadewa and Kiki on June 2013 in Puntang, Malabar, South Bandung, but they split after reintroduced. Separation of the pair of gibbon after release occurred due to lack of pair bonding. Study about behavioral and pair bonding of javan gibbon in rehabilitation center was conduct on October--November 2013 at the JGC. Data were collected from 06 am to 04 pm using 5-min scan sampling to record social behavior (positive affiliation and agonistic), proximity, vocalization, and daily activities (locomotion, feeding, resting, & stereotypic behavior). The result from this observation indicate that P2 has a higher social activities than P1, but P1 have a strong pair bonding, because they succeeded copulation and give birth an offspring. From this study I conclude that P1 and P2 have a similar percentage of social behavior and daily activities with Sadewa-Kiki and Septa-Echi, pair bonding is not the cause of the split."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai struktur komunitas dan sebaran spasial Bivalvia serta hubungannya dengan karakteristik lingkungan di Teluk Katania, Seram Barat, Maluku Tengah. Ada 5 stasiun penelitian yaitu : Pelita Jaya 1, Pelita Jaya 2, Pulau Buntal, Pulau Tatumbu, dan Pulau Burung. Anadara maculafa merupakan jenis Bivalvia yang kepadatannya tertinggi (2,5 individu/m2). Nilai H' (indeks keanekaragaman) Bivalvia tertinggi ada di Pulau Burung (H' = 0,958) dan terendah di Pulau Buntal (H' = 0,624). Indeks kemerataan J' tertinggi (J' = 0,843) terdapat di Pelita Jaya 1. indeks kesamaan Morisita C tertinggi adalah antara Pelita Jaya 2 dan Pulau Buntal (C = 0,92). Kondisi substrat di Pelita Jaya 2 dan Pulau Buntal mempunyai persentase Lumpur yang tinggi. Dengan analisis cluster, 5 stasiun penelitian terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok. Kelompok I terdiri atas stasiun Pelita Jaya 2 dan Pulau Buntal kemudian kelompok II terdiri atas Pelita Jayal, Pulau Tatumbu, dan Pulau Burung. Analisis diskriminan dengan faktor lingkungan substrat pasir halus dan lumpur juga membagi kelima stasiun menjadi dua kelompok yang sama seperti pada analisis cluster. Substrat lumpur mempunyai kontribusi yang tinggi (96,3 %). Tellina sp merupakan jenis yang penyebarannya luas sebab selalu hadir di setiap stasiun penelitian. Hasil analisis faktorial koresponden membentuk enam kelompok. Penyebaran spasial jenis jenis Bivalvia di 5 stasiun dari hasil analisis tersebut berdasarkan pada kepadatan tertinggi dari jenis jenis tertentu (lima kelompok) dan berdasarkan jenis-jenis yang selalu hadir di setiap stasiun (satu kelompok).

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Bivalvia, also known as Pelecypoda, is the second largest class in phylum Mollusca. This group has 28.000 species (Barth & Broshear, 1982) and about 1000 species of Bivalvia live in Indonesian waters (Nontji, 1987). Information about Bivalvia in Kotania Bay has not been known well. Based on those fact, a research on the community structure and spatial distribution of Bivalve in the waters of Kotania Bay was conducted in February 1996. The aim of study was to find out the relationship between Bivalvia community structure with environmental factors in the waters of Kotania Bay. The spatial distribution of Bivalvia in several small islands in Kotania Bay was also studied. Hopefully, the results can be used as basic information for father research.

The research was conducted in five stations, i.e. Pelita Jaya 1, Pelita Jaya 2, Buntal Island, Tatumbu Island, and Burung Island. The sampling method used in the study was belt transact. The water conditions measured were water temperature, salinity, and pH. The substrates were characterized by the sediment fractions. Temperatures in the research stations ranged between 29.5°C and 31 °C, the range of pH is between 7 and 8.4. Water salinities in the research stations varied between 22 % and 30 %. Substrates in the research stations mostly contained sand with the very high percentage of very coarse sand. Silt was the smallest fraction found in the substrate.

In five research stations, 32 species of Bivalvia belonging to 15 families were collected. Anadara maculata had the highest density (2.5 individulm2) of all Bivalvia species found. The highest H' value (diversity index) of Bivalvia was in Burung Island (H' = 0.958) and the lowest was in Buntal Island (H' = 0.624). The highest evenness index J' = 0.843 was found in Pelita Jaya 1. The highest similarity index was shown by Pelita Jaya 2 and Buntal Island. Substrates in Pelita Jaya 2 and Buntal Island were dominated by silt.

Cluster analysis at five research stations divided the stations into two groups. Group I, defined by Pelita Jaya 2 and Buntal Island. Group ii, defined by Pelita Jaya 1, Tatumbu Island, and Burung Island. Discriminant analysis based on two environmental factors, i.e. very fine sand and silts, also divided the stations into two similar groups as cluster analysis did. The silt factor had high contribution (96.3%) in separating the stations.

Factorial correspondence analysis classified the species of Bivalvia into six groups. Based on the highest density of the certain species (five groups) and on the common species found in all stations (one group). Among the species collected Tellina sp was the common species found in the five stations. Spondylus squamosus, Trachydarium subrugosum, and Vulsella vulsella were found only in Pelita Jaya 2. Pitar subpellucidus, Septifer hi/ocular-is, Fimbria fmbriata and Chama pacifica were found only in Burung island. The species of Bivalvia only found in Pelita Jaya 1 were Atrina vexillum, Tellina staurella, Chama ruderalis, Limaria fragilis, and Clycymeris pectunculus."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang sebaran spasial fitoplankton di lokasi budidaya kerang hijau (Perna viridis) Kamal Muara, Jakarta Utara. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui kelimpahan dan sebaran spasial fitoplankton, serta parameter lingkungan yang memengaruhi. Berdasarkan peta sebaran, kelimpahan Bacillariophyceae dan Dinophyceae lebih tinggi pada stasiun-stasiun yang dekat dengan daratan (Stasiun 1 dan Stasiun 2), sedangkan kelimpahan Cyanophyceae ditemukan lebih tinggi pada stasiun-stasiun yang jauh dari daratan (Stasiun 5 dan Stasiun 9). Analisis Regresi Multivariat menunjukkan bahwa seluruh parameter lingkungan terukur berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan fitoplankton. Nilai korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan Bacillariophyceae paling dipengaruhi oleh pH, kelimpahan Dinophyceae paling dipengaruhi oleh salinitas, sedangkan kelimpahan Cyanophyceae paling dipengaruhi oleh fosfat.

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Research on the spatial distribution of phytoplankton has been held in the green mussel aquaculture area (Perna viridis) Kamal Muara, North Jakarta. The research aim to determine the abundance and spatial distribution of phytoplankton and environmental parameters influenced. Based on distribution maps, the abundance of Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae were highest at stations near mainland (Station 1 and Station 2), whereas Cyanophyceae was at farther stations (Station 5 and Station 9).

Regression Multivariate analysis showed that all measured environmental parameters were influencing the abundance of phytoplankton. Spearman correlation values indicate that the abundance of Bacillariophyceae were most influenced by pH, Dinophyceae by salinity, whereas Cyanophyceae by phosphate."

"Pola sebaran dan perilaku bintang laut intertidal di Teluk Gilimanuk dan Pantai Cekik diteliti dari September 2012 hingga Januari 2013. Pola sebaran dipetakan dengan menggunakan GPS, dan dikuantifikasikan dengan menggunakan kuadrat 1 m2, yang diletakkan pada total 12 transek untuk masing-masing lokasi. Perilaku diamati dengan menandakan 10 individu Protoreaster nodosus secara manual dan mengukur titik perpindahan selama tiga hari. Pemetaan dan analisis nilai dispersi dengan menggunakan Indeks dispersi Morisita terstandarisasi menghasilkan pola sebaran mengelompok untuk Protoreaster nodosus dan Archaster typicus, dan pola sebaran acak untuk Echinaster luzonicus, Linckia laevigata dan Linckia multifora. Sebaran mengelompok tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh batasan habitat, sebaran makanan dan atraksi intraspesifik, sedangkan sebaran acak menandakan sifat acak atau seragam pada pakan dan karakter habitat. Studi perilaku memperlihatkan bahwa P. nodosus bergerak secara direksional, dan dapat berpengaruh pada pola sebarannya di lokasi.

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Distribution pattern and behavior of intertidal asteroids in Gilimanuk Bay and Cekik Beach were investigated from September 2012 to January 2013. Distribution patterns for most species were mapped by using GPS, and quantified by using 1 m2 quadrats, which were deployed on total 12 transects in the intertidal zone at each location. Behavior was observed by using manual tagging on ten individuals of Protoreaster nodosus and measuring points of diplacement throughout a period of three days. Mapping and dispersion analysis using Morisita‟s standardized index of dispersion yielded clumped dispersion for Protoreaster nodosus and Archaster typicus, and random dispersion for Echinaster luzonicus, Linckia laevigata and Linckia multifora. Clumped dispersion in some species might be influenced by habitat boundaries, food dispersion or intraspecific attraction, while random dispersion suggests randomness or uniformity in food distribution and habitat character. Behavioral studies showed that P. nodosus moves in a highly directional manner, and might carry further implications to its clumped dispersion at location. "

"Teripang telah diketahui banyak memiliki manfaat biologis, seperti antikanker, antifungal, antivirus, dan antioksidan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa saponin pada ekstrak kasar Holothuria atra (Echinodermata) dan fraksi-fraksinya. Senyawa radikal bebas DPPH digunakan untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sedangkan uji busa digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan senyawa saponin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kasar H. atra mengandung saponin dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih rendah dari pembandingnya, Acanthaster sp. (Echinodermata) dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing sebesar 739,194 μg/ml dan 102,946 μg/ml. Fraksi n-heksan, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kurang kuat dengan nilai IC50 secara berurutan 511,35 μg/ml, 373,776 μg/ml, dan 491,8 μg/ml. Uji saponin terdeteksi positif pada semua fraksi kecuali fraksi etil asetat.

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Sea cucumber had been known for having many biological uses, such as anticancer, antifungal, antivirus, and antioxidant. This study was conducted to test the antioxidant activity and to detect the presence of saponin compounds in Holorhuria atra (Echinodermata) crude extract and its fractions. Free radical compound, DPPH, was used to test the antioxidant activity and foam test was used to detect the presence of saponin compounds. The result showed that crude extract of H. atra contains saponins and has weaker antioxidant activity than Acanthaster sp. (echinoderm). The IC50 values are 739,194 μg/ml and 102,946 μg/ml, respectively. N-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction have weak antioxidant activities with IC50 values 511,35 μg/ml, 373,776 μg/ml, and 491,8 μg/ml, respectively. Saponin test showed that all of the crude extract fractions showed positive results, except in ethyl acetate fraction."