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"TB is still major problem even though number of TB cases had been decline steadily due to discovery and continuing research of TB drugs since 1940 and also increasing of funding and attention to global TB problem. Indonesia is the third country in descending order of TB case numbers. It is considered as the third main cause of death after cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in this country. Several years ago, East Nusa Tenggara province had the highest incidence of sputum smear positive compared with other provinces in Indonesia. TB creates certain burdens in the community, initially in health and nutrition aspect, and then followed by other human aspects including economy and social. It is, therefore, eradicating TB in an effective and efficient way becomes a very emerging issue on TB treatment strategy. Since TB is an immune-related disease, hence, enhancing the immune system might be considered as an important strategy to be considered on TB treatment. Zinc, vitamin A and a new discovered protein, leptin, take a part on that issue. A cross sectional study was conducted with a main objective of investigating the relationship between nutritional and leptin status of new diagnosed pulmonary TB disease with the disease severity in selected districts of East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia. This research report is divided into three parts. Part 1 includes comprehensive reviews on the background of the study, literature review, problem statement and rationale, objective, hypotheses, conceptual framework and variable indicator matrix. Part 2 wraps up the manuscript for publication, entitled "Micronutrients and Leptin status Are Associated with the Radiological Features Among New Diagnosed Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients." It is written and formatted based on author's guideline of the Journal of Nutrition. Part 3 covers the supporting documents including detailed methodology and other result, author's guideline of the journal, questionnaire, ethical approval, informed consent, official permit letter, references and curriculum vitae. It is expected that the results of this study may contribute to the body of knowledge about the severity of TB that reflects the specific profile of nutritional status (body fat, BMI, MUAC and micronutrient status) and plasma leptin. Furthermore, it will serve as reference data for further investigations, better interventions and treatments on active pulmonary TB patients."

"A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the problem of nutritional status and intestinal helminthiasis among underfive children in three selected refugee centers in Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara and to identify possible relationship between intestinal helminthiasis and nutritional status. A number of 188 children 12-59 months of age were involved in this study. All three refugee centers showed that Ascaris lumbricoides was most common (29.0% in Naibonat, 28.8% in Noelbaki and 23.4% in Tuapukan), followed by hookworm (25.8% in Naibonat, 10.0% in Noelbaki and 3.9% in Tuapukan) and the least common was Trichuris trichiura (6.3% in Noelbaki, 3.2% in Noelbaki and 0% in Tuapukan). Based on the WHO?s criteria the intensity of intestinalhelminthiasis in all three refugee centers were low. Nutritional status was characterized by high of prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in all three refugee centers. The prevalence of underweight was 28.6% in Tuapukan, 25.8% in Naibonat, and 18.8% in Noelbaki. The prevalence of stunting was 29.0% in Naibonat, 20% in Noelbaki and23.4% in Tuapukan. While the prevalence of wasting was 8.8% in Noelbaki, 6.5% in Naibonat and 3.9% in Tuapukan. For anemia, 75% of children in Noelbaki, 71.4% in Tuapukan and 45.2% in Naibonat had haemoglobin level less than 11 g/dl. There was no significant association between the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides and nutritional status of children also between the intensity of Ascaris Iumbricoides and nutritional status."

"The study was carried out among 40 low-income households in East Jakarta. It generally aimed at examining the contribution of intra-household food distribution practices to the differences in nutritional status of individual members within and between urban poor households with underfive year old children. Two groups represented the study households. One group with malnourished (<-2 Z-scores for weight for age indicator) 18-60 months old children and the other group with well-nourished (>:-2 Z-scores) of the same age. A three day household and individual food intake were collected through the use of a combined food weighing and 24-hour food recall method. Results revealed that.malnourished underfive year old children were given less adequate diets in terms of nutrient requirement while parents? diet were sufficiently adequate. In contrast, the well-nourished children were adequately fed while their parents got less. The children's intake were found to have a marginal relationship with their nutritional status while significant associations were seen with parent's energy intake and household's total income. On the whole, findings indicated inequality in the food distribution patterns among urban poor households and these patterns somehow influences the nutritional status of household members particularly the pre-school age children"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dari status gizi dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan status gizi tersebut pada siswi di SMPN 200 Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dan pengambilan sampel secara random berkelompok (cluster sampling). Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan pada April 2013 dan menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa timbangan, microtoise, dan kuesioner. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 160 siswi kelas 7 dan 8 dan dianalasis dengan menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 15,6% responden memiliki status gizi kurus. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa status gizi berhubungan secara signifikan dengan citra tubuh (p-value 0.000), frekuensi makan utama (p-value 0.007), dan konsumsi makan pagi (p-value 0.001). Disarankan adanya program edukasi gizi seperti pelatihan penilaian status gizi dan penyuluhan tentang status gizi agar remaja putri dapat menilai status gizinya secara akurat dan tidak salah dalam mempersepsikan citra tubuhnya.

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The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of nutritional status and its correlates among students (adolescent girls) at SMPN 200 Jakarta. This study used cross-sectional design and cluster sampling method. This study was conducted on April 2013 used scale, microtoise and questionnaire. The study sample consisted of 160 students of class 7 and 8 and analyzed using the chi- square test.

The result of this study shows that 15,6% of respondents classiffied as thinness. This study also found that nutritional status has been associated with body image (p-value 0.000), eating frequancy (p-value 0.007), and breakfast behaviour (p-value 0.001).

The researcher suggests the existence of nutrition education programs such as training about nutritional status assessment and counseling about nutritional status so that adolescent girls can assess the nutritional status accurately and not mistaken in perceiving their body image. "

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh parameter komposisi tubuh yang dapat mendeteksi kecenderungan terjadinya MEP pada penderita PGK-ND. Penelitian dilakukan dengan rancangan potong lintang. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 45 pasien PGK-ND dan 45 subyek sehat yang disepadankan jenis kelamin, usia, tinggi badan (TB) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Status nutrisi dikelompokkan dalam status nutrisi kurang, normal dan lebih berdasarkan IMT, WHO, 1995. Secara antropometri massa bebas lemak (MBL), indeks-MBL (I-MBL), massa lemak (ML) dan persen ML pasien PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna dengan subyek sehat. Berdasarkan BIA didapatkan MBL, dan I-MBL pasien PGK-ND lebih rendah bermakna dibandingkan subyek sehat (p < 0,05). Massa bebas lemak (MBL), I-MBL dan ML pasien PGK-ND berbeda bermakna antara ketiga status nutrisi (p < 0,001). Nilai MBL, I-MBL dan ML mempunyai linearitas dengan klasifikasi status nutrisi berdasarkan uji trend analysis. Massa bebas lemak, I-MBL, ML dan persen ML PGK-ND tidak berbeda bermakna di antara ketiga stadium PGK.Terdapat derajat kesesuaian yang baik antara I-MBL dengan IMT untuk penilaian status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND. Dengan uji Receiver Operating Curve didapatkan titik potong I-MBL sebesar 14,23 kg/m2 untuk membedakan status nutrisi kurang dan baik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Indeks MBL dapat membedakan derajat status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND dan mempunyai korelasi dengan IMT. Indeks-MBL dapat digunakan sebagai prediktor untuk skrining status nutrisi pasien PGK-ND.

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AbstractThe aim of this study is to obtain body composition parameters for early detection of PEM in non dialysis CKD (ND-CKD) patients. The study was carried out using the cross sectional design. The subjects of the study consist of 45 ND-CKD patients and 45 healthy subjects matched for age, gender, height and body mass index (BMI). The nutritional status of patients and healthy subjects were classified based on BMI (WHO, 1995) into low, normal and high nutritional status groups. Fat free mass (FFM), FFM-index (FFM-I) and percentage of fat mass (FM percentage) in patients measured by anthropometric technique showed no significant difference with healthy subjects. Using the BIA method, FFM and FFM-I were significantly lower in the ND-CKD patients compared to the healthy subjects (p < 0,05). Significant difference in FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage was observed between the patients with different nutritional status. (p < 0,001). Trend analysis statistical test showed that there is linear correlation of FFM, FFM-I and FM with nutritional status classification. FFM, FFM-I, FM and FM percentage in ND-CKD patients were not significantly different between the three stages of CKD. There was an acceptable degree of agreement between BMI with FFM-I for nutritional assessment in ND-CKD patients. The Receiver Operating Curve test showed the cut off points of FFM-I 14.23 kg/m2 to differentiate undernutrition and normal nutritional status in ND-CKD patients. This study showed FFM-I has good correlation with BMI and can be used to differentiate degrees of nutritional status in stage 3, 4 and 5 ND-CKD patients. FFM-I considered predictor parameters for nutritional status screening in ND-CKD patients. "

"Status gizi berperan dalam menentukan sukses tidaknya upaya peningkatan sumberdaya manusia. Prevalensi gizi kurang BB/U di Kabupaten Tangerang meningkat dari tahun 2007 sampai 2010 yaitu 7,2% menjadi 9,12%. Tujuan penelitian adalah dianalisisnya hubungan antara perilaku KADARZI, karakteristik keluarga dan balita dengan status gizi balita (12-59 bulan) di Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2011. Penilitian kuantitatif ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekuder hasil survey PSG KADARZI Kabupaten Tangerang tahun 2011. Prevalensi balita gizi kurang (termasuk gizi buruk) 17,9%, pendek (termasuk sangat pendek) 32,9%, kurus (termasuk sangat kurus) 11,8%. Variabel yang berhubungan secara bermakna dengan status gizi balita BB/U adalah menimbang balita secara teratur, riwayat ASI Eksklusif, menggunakan garam beryodium, pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, usia ibu, besar keluarga, dan umur balita. Variabel yang berhubungan bermakna dengan status gizi PB/U atau TB/U sama dengan BB/U ditambah variabel konsumsi kapsul vitamin A. Berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB adalah riwayat ASI Eksklusif, dan pendidikan ibu. Hasil uji multivariat menunjukkan faktor dominan BB/U adalah pendidikan ibu, PB/U atau TB/U adalah pendidikan ayah. Sedangkan BB/PB atau BB/TB adalah riwayat ASI Eksklusif. Perlu adanya pendidikan gizi bagi keluarga.

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Nutritional status is one of the important indicator for human resources. From 2007 to 2010, prevalence of undernutrition increased from 7,2% to 9,12%. General objective of this study was to determine the relationship between family nutrition awareness (KADARZI), family and children under five characteristics with nutritional status of children under five (12-59 months) at Tangerang District in 2011. This quantitative study using cross sectional study design. The data were result from family nutrition awareness and nutritional status survey at Tangerang district in 2011. The analysis showed that the prevalence of underweight was found at 17,9%. stunted was found at 32,9%, wasted was found at 11,8%. Chi square test result showed that there was a significant association (p≤0.05) between growth monitoring, exclusive breastfeeding history, the use of iodized salt, father?s level of education, mother?s level of education, mother?s age, number of family members, and child?s age with nutritional status based on BB/U index. PB/U or TB/U index were the same as BB/U but added by vitamin A capsule intake. BB/PB or BB/TB Index were exclusive breastfeeding history and mother's level of education. Multivariate test results showed that mother's level of education is the most dominant factor associated with nutritional status (BB/U). PB/U or TB/U index was father?s level of education. BB/PB or BB/TB index was exclusive breastfeeding history. The following need famiy nutritional education."

"Skripsi ini membahas hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh (IMT), persen lemak tubuh (PLT), asupan zat gizi makro (kalori, karbohidrat, lemak dan protein), asupan zat gizi mikro (thiamin, riboflavin, piridoksin, vit.C dan Fe), dan aktivitas fisik dengan VO2max. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 81 mahasiswa Reguler Gizi Kesehatan Masyarakat FKM UI angkatan 2010 dan 2011. VO2max diukur dengan menggunakan alat Fitmate Med Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan negatif antara IMT (r= -0,231) dan persen lemak tubuh (r= -0,447) dengan VO2max pada responden keseluruhan. Terdapat hubungan positif antara asupan Fe (r=0,231), dan aktivitas fisik (r=0,338) dengan VO2max pada responden keseluruhan. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan sampel yang lebih besar pada atlet dengan pengendalian yang lebih ketat terhadap faktor-faktor lain yang berpotensi menyebabkan bias dalam penelitian agar korelasi variabel indepenen dengan data VO2max dapat merepresentasikan kekuatan hubungan yang sebenarnya.

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This thesis discusses the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BFP), the intake of macro nutrients (calories, carbohydrates, fats and proteins), the intake of micro nutrients (thiamin, riboflavin, pyridoxine, vit. C and Fe), and physical activity with VO2max. The study was a quantitative study with cross sectional design conducted in 81 undergraduate students of Public Health University of Indonesia majoring Nutrition in 2012. VO2max was measured by using Fitmate Med. The result of correlation test showed a negative relationship between BMI (r= -0,231) and percent body fat (r= -0,447) with VO2max in the overall respondents. Artifacts positive association between intake of Fe (r=0,231) and physical activity (r=0,338) with VO2max in the overall respondents. There were no significant relationship between other independent variables with VO2max. Further research is needed with larger samples in athletes with a more strict control of other factors that could potentially lead to bias in the study so that the data correlation with VO2max independen variables can represent the real strength of the relationship."

"Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan angka kekurangan nutrisi pada anak balita yang cukup tinggi. Kekurangan nutrisi merupakan penyebab mortalitas utama pada anak balita, yang dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi. Indonesia merupakan negara yang endemis terhadap soil transmitted helminth (STH) yang mencakup Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, dan cacing tambang. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa infeksi STH dapat menyebabkan kekurangan nutrisi pada anak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari pengaruh infeksi STH terhadap kekurangan nutrisi pada anak balita di kecamatan Nangapanda, NTT yang diukur dengan weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), height-for-age z-score (HAZ), dan weight-for-height z-score (WHZ). Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan 98 subjek anak balita di Kecamatan Nangapanda yang berasal dari random sampling. Status WAZ, HAZ, dan WHZ diperoleh dari pengukuran antropometri, sementara status infeksi STH ditentukan melalui metode Kato-Katz untuk menemukan telur cacing di tinja. Hubungan antara infeksi STH dan kekurangan nutrisi pada anak balita dianalisis dengan chi-square, dan dilakukan analisis regresi logistik untuk mencari pengaruh faktor lain seperti usia anak balita, jenis kelamin, dan tingkat pendidikan ibu. Dari 98 anak balita, sebanyak 58 di antaranya terinfeksi STH. Sementara itu, ditemukan bahwa 27,6% anak balita memiliki WAZ <-2, 40,9% memiliki HAZ <-2, dan 10,2% memiliki WHZ <-2. Meskipun begitu, hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status infeksi STH tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dengan status gizi buruk pada anak balita, baik menurut WAZ (p = 0,997), HAZ (p = 0,244), maupun WHZ (p = 1,000). Analisis multivariat juga menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan faktor lainnya. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa infeksi STH tidak mempengaruhi kekurangan nutrisi pada anak balita di NTT, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut.

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East Nusa Tenggara Province had one of the highest rate of undernutrition in under-five children in Indonesia. Undernutrition contributes to a high proportion of mortality in under-five children, which can be caused by infection. Indonesia is endemic for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infection, which can be caused by Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura¸ and hookworm. Several studies have shown that STH infections can cause malnutrition in under-five children. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the association between STH infection and undernutrition in under-five children measured by weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and weight-for-height z-score (WHZ).

This is a cross-sectional study involving 98 under-five children which is recruited using random sampling from Nangapanda Sub-District, East Nusa Tenggara. WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ status is determined from anthropometry, while STH infections are determined by Kato-Katz method to find the helminth eggs. Chi-square analysis is performed to find the association between STH infection and nutritional status in under-five children, and logistic regression is also performed to find other potential factors such as age, gender, and mother?s education. Of the 98 children recruited, 58 had STH infections.

This study also found that 27,6% of the children had WAZ <-2, 40,9% had HAZ <-2, and 10,2% had WHZ <-2. However, chi-square analysis showed that there are no significant association between STH infection and undernutrition in under-five children of Nangapanda measured by WAZ (p = 0,997), HAZ (p = 0,244),and WHZ (p = 1,000). Multivariate analysis also showed that other factors in this study are not significant. Therefore, this research showed that STH infection are not the main cause of undernutrition in children of East Nusa Tenggara, and further research are warranted to determine other factors which may cause the problem."

"Latar belakang. CAPD merupakan modalitas dialisis yang berkembang di Indonesia. Status nutrisi dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kesintasan pasien CAPD. Indonesia belum memiliki data mengenai status nutrisi pasien CAPD, serta faktor-faktor yang berkorelasi dengan status nutrisi pada kelompok pasien tersebut. Tujuan. Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berkorelasi dengan status nutrisi pada pasien CAPD. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dilaksanakan di poliklinik CAPD RSCM dan RS PGI Cikini bulan Desember 2012 sampai Mei 2013. Status nutrisi dinilai dengan Malnutrition Inflammation Score. Inflamasi didapatkan dari pemeriksaan hsCRP. Asidosis metabolik didapatkan dari pemeriksaan HCO3 vena. Asupan energi dan protein harian didapatkan dari analisis food record dengan menggunakan program FP2. Usia dan lama menjalani CAPD didapatkan dari kartu identitas dan rekam medis. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan metode Pearson atau Spearman/Kendall. Analisis tidak dilanjutkan ke analisis multivariat karena distribusi status nutrisi sebagai variabel tergantung tidak normal. Hasil. Dari 44 subjek penelitian, didapatkan 75% subjek penelitian memiliki status nutrisi baik. Rerata usia 48,4+12,6 tahun. Median lama menjalani CAPD adalah 20,5 bulan (2-94 bulan) dan median kadar hsCRP sebesar 2,8 mg/L (0,2-204,2 mg/L). Rerata kadar HCO3 sebesar 25,2+2,3 mEq/L. Rerata asupan energi adalah 37,3+ 9,3 kkal/kg/hari dan rerata asupan protein 1,0+ 0,3 gram/kg/hari. Faktor inflamasi berkorelasi dengan status nutrisi pada pasien CAPD (r=0,433; p=0,003). Simpulan. Faktor yang berkorelasi dengan status nutrisi pada pasien CAPD adalah inflamasi. Korelasi antara usia, lama menjalani CAPD, asupan energi dan protein serta asidosis metabolik dengan status nutrisi belum dapat dibuktikan pada penelitian ini.

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Background. CAPD is a developing dialysis modality in Indonesia. Nutritional status is considered as one of determinant factor in CAPD patients survival. There is no data regarding nutrional status and correlated factors with nutritional status in CAPD patients in Indonesia.

Objectives. To know correlated factors with nutritional status in CAPD patients.

Methods. A cross sectional study was conducted in CAPD clinic at Cipto Mangunkusumo and Cikini Hospital during December 2012 until May 2013. Nutritional status was determined by Malnutrition Inflammation Score, inflammation by hsCRP and metabolic acidosis by vein HCO3. DEI and DPI were determined by food record analysis by using FP2 program. Age and dialysis vintage were based on identity card and medical record. Statistical analysis was performed by using Pearson or Spearman/Kendall methods. Multivariat analysis can't be done in this study because of the distribution abnormality of nutritional status as independent variable.

Results. Out of 44 subjects, the nutritional status of 75% subjects was found good. Mean age was 48.4+12.6 years old. Dialysis vintage median was 20.5 (2-94) months and hsCRP level median was 2.8 (0.2-204.2) mg/L. Mean HCO3 level was 25.2+2.3 mEq/L. Mean DEI was 37.3+9.3 kcal/kg/d and mean DPI was 1.0+0.3g/kg/d. Inflammation is correlated with nutritional status in CAPD patients (r=0.433 ; p=0.003).

Conclusion. Factors that correlated with nutritional status in CAPD patients is inflammation. Correlation between age, dialysis vintage, DEI, DPI and metabolic acidosis with nutritional status can not be determined yet in this study."

"ABSTRAKThe present study investigated the relationship of nutritional status and work productivity of Indonesian female industrial workers who engaged in light activity. Anthropometrics, hemoglobin (Hb), work productivity, physical activity and several socioeconomic data were collected from 230 female cigarette industrial workers. Nutritional assessment of studied population showed that the average body mass index of studied population was 19.55 ± 2.33 kg/mz, which 41.3% of the workers were under nutrition which indicated by BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 and 40.4% were anemic while 13.9% of them were under nutrition and anemic. BMI showed a significant quadratic regression with work productivity (p<0.05). A classification for chronic energy deficiency (CED) using BMI of 18.5 as a cutoff point was related to the functional parameter of work productivity. Workers whose BMI below 18.5 kg/m2 had work productivity about four percent lower than those whose BMI above 18.5. Female workers whose BMI ranged of 18.5 --22.5 kg/re had the highest work productivity among others. Analysis of variance showed that anemic workers had significantly lower work productivity than the non-anemic workers (p<0.01). The anemic workers produced about five percent less output than the non-anemic workers. There was a linear regression between work productivity and hemoglobin level. Multiple regression analysis showed that increases in Hb levels, lean body mass and experience were significantly associated with increased work productivity (p<0.01). This study concluded that Hb, BMI and LBM were significantly related with work productivity. The better nourished workers as determined by BMI, LBM, and Hb levels were more productive than under-nourished workers also the more experienced workers had higher work productivity than the less-experienced workers."