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"Research on usable of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Botanical Garden to develop the conservation education has been carried out, but the available information due to the package of conservation education using both of conservation areas is stilt lacking.The aim of this study is to measure and compare conservation education packages, which have conducted at Gunung Gede Pangrango and Bogor Botanical Garden. The compiling information from this study will be useful as a contribution to develop the program of conservation education as well as to increase the management of conservation area.The comparative study was conducted in two conservation area, the Gunung Gede Pangrango (representative for in situ conservation), and Bogor Botanical Garden (for ex situ conservation), using a questionnaire method, document analyzing, field observation, and measure the progress of the institutional development using matrix of the Institutional Development Framework ( IDF ). Correspondence is the key-person from institutions who responsible in organizing the conservation education program.The conclusion of this study was that the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park is more diverse in having potential interpretation material compare to that of Bogor Botanical Garden, especially the available concepts of ecology and conservation in species and ecosystem level. In comparison, the Bogor. Botanical Garden has relatively more facilities on species interpretation. The conservation education program at both areas has limit goal, only covered the awareness and knowledge, and not completed with the education evaluation, which measured the impact of education on conservation for the participants. Covering the goal of the education, usable of flagship species and education evaluation might develop the quality of the program at both areas.Both of the institutions have limit facilities and skill to develop the package of the conservation education program, therefore they need cooperation with other institution as a partner. The study also identified that the Partners have a good contribution on developing the package of the Conservation education program as well as provide human resources. Some partners have provided the technical and facilities for educating, however none of the four NGO's which cooperate with the two institutions (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Bogor Botanical Garden) in sustainability stage at institutional; development continuum. It seem that their institutional development progress will influence the existing packages for educating conservation program, which prepared at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park and Bogor Botanical Garden."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh belanja terhadap tujuan nasional, dikaitkan dengan nilai uang dan klasifikasi belanja. Pemerintah Kabupaten/ Kota sebanyak 180 sampel dianalisis mempergunakan regresi dengan periode penelitian tahun 2007 - 2011. Hasil penelitian menemukan belanja pendidikan dan kesejahteraan berpengaruh kuadratik dengan titik balik maksimum masing - masing terhadap partisipasi pendidikan dan output perekonomian. Belanja kesejahteraan berpengaruh kubik dengan turunan ketiga negatif terhadap kemiskinan. Pencapaian tujuan nasional suatu periode berpengaruh positif terhadap belanja periode berikutnya. DAU berpengaruh positif terhadap belanja pendidikan dan kesejahteraan, DAK berpengaruh positif terhadap belanja kesejahteraan. Penganggaran Pemda memperhatikan harga konstan. Klasifikasi belanja menurut fungsi perlu diperinci untuk menghindari misinterpretasi.

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This research observes the impact of municipal governments? expenditure on the attainment national purposes, complemented by monetary value and expenditure classification analysis. As many as 180 municipal governments are analyzed using regression approach as samples within the period of 2007 to 2011. Result shows that education and welfare expenditure correlate in quadratic degree with maximum turning point each to enrollment rate and economic output. Welfare expenditure is correlated in cubic degree with negative third derivative to poverty rate. The attainment of national purposes in a certain period is positively correlated to the budget of related expenditures in the forthcoming period. DAU positively correlates to education and welfare expenditure, while DAK positively correlates to welfare expenditure. Budgetary processes by municipal governments have considered the real value of money. Classification of expenditure by functions should be stated in deeper details to avoid misinterpretation."

"Tujuan pendidikan nasional disebutkan dalam UUD NRI tahun 29145 dalam BAB XIII pendidikan dan kebudayaan. pasal 31 Ayat (2) pemerintahan mengusahakan dan menyelenggarakan satu sistem pengajaran nasional yang diatur dengan undang-undang. Selanjutnya dalam UUD NRI Tahun 1945, terjadi perubahan redaksi tujuan Pendidikan Nasional seperti tersebut dalam Pasal 31 Ayat (3) Pemerintah mengusahakan dan menyelenggarakan satu sistem pendidikan nasional, yang meningkatkan keimanan dan ketakwaan serta akhak mulia dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, yang diatur dalam undang-undang. Ayat (5) Pemerintah memajukan ilmu engetahuan dan teknologi dengan menjunjung tinggoi nilai-nilai agama dan persatuan bangsa untuk kemajuan peradaban serta kesejahteraan umat manusia. Sejak awal kemerdekaan perkembangan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara sering mengalami perubahan terutama dibidang politik, yang pada gilirannya memberi dampak terhadap penyelenggaraan pendidikan nasional. Sekalipun berbagai upaya telah dilakukan, naun hasil yang tercapai untuk mewujudkan tujuan mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa belum maksimal, setidaknya Indonesia masih tertinggal dibanding terutama dengan negara maju. Sementara dibagian lain sebagaimana diberitakan berbagai media, menunjukkan fenomena terjadinya dekadensi moral generasi muda, yang ditandai dengan antara lain; perkelahian antar siswa/mahasiswa, perbuatan tercela, perilaku menyimpang, persekusi dan bully terhdap teman dan tindakan hukum, serta penyalah gunaan kemampuan ilmu pengetahuan teknologi, yang bertentangan denga martabat luhur bangsa. Oleh karena itu menjadi suatu keniscyaan untuk memberikan perhatian lebih terhadap masalah karakter generasi muda, dengan meningkatkan keimanan dan ketakwaan serta akhlak mulia, dalam kerangka upaya mewujudkan tujuan nasional mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa Indonesia berdasarkan pancasila dan UUD NRI Tahun 1945."

"Tujuan, pertanyaan dan hipotesa penelitian dirumuskan untuk menjembatani rumusan masalah yang bersifat masih abstrak menjadi suatu tujuan dan rancangan serta rencana pengumpulan dan analisa data yang lebih rinci dan konkrit."