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"As an initial analysis,numerical simulation has more advantages in saving time and costs regarding experiments. For example, variations in flowconditions and geometry can be adjusted easily to obtain results. Computationalfluid dynamics (CFD) methods, suchas the k-ε model, renormalizationgroup (RNG) k-ε model and reynolds stress model (RSM), are widely used toconduct research on differentobjects and conditions. Choosing the appropriate model helps produce and developconstant values.Modeling studies as appropriate, i.e., in the turbulent flow simulation in the windtunnel, isdone to get a more accurate result. This study was conducted by comparing the results ofthe simulation k-ε model, RNG k-ε model and RSM, which is validated by the testresults. The air had adensity of 1,205 kg/m3, a viscosity of 4×10-5 m2/sand a normal speed of 6 m/s. By comparing the simulation results of the k-ε model, RNG k-ε model and RSM, which isvalidated by the test results, the third turbulencemodel provided good results to predict the distribution of speedand pressure of the fluid flow in the wind tunnel. As for predicting theturbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate and turbulent effectiveviscosity, the k-εmodel was effectivelyused with comparable results to the RSM models."

"As an initial analysis, numerical simulation has more advantages in saving time and costs regarding experiments. For example, variations in flow conditions and geometry can be adjusted easily to obtain results. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, such as the k-? model, renormalization group (RNG) k-? model and reynolds stress model (RSM), are widely used to conduct research on different objects and conditions. Choosing the appropriate model helps produce and develop constant values. Modeling studies as appropriate, i.e., in the turbulent flow simulation in the wind tunnel, is done to get a more accurate result. This study was conducted by comparing the results of the simulation k-? model, RNG k-? model and RSM, which is validated by the test results. The air had a density of 1,205 kg/m3, a viscosity of 4×10-5 m2/s and a normal speed of 6 m/s. By comparing the simulation results of the k-? model, RNG k-? model and RSM, which is validated by the test results, the third turbulence model provided good results to predict the distribution of speed and pressure of the fluid flow in the wind tunnel. As for predicting the turbulent kinetic energy, turbulent dissipation rate and turbulent effective viscosity, the k-? model was effectively used with comparable results to the RSM models."

"Listrik daerah pedesaan yang terisolasi merupakan masalah yang sangat krusial untuk menyelesaikan masalah rasio elektrifikasi di Indonesia. Dibandingkan dengan opsi lain, turbin piko hidro cross-flow (CFT) adalah pilihan yang lebih baik untuk menyediakan daya listrik untuk daerah pedesaan yang terisolasi. Studi untuk meningkatkan kinerja CFT dapat secara analitik, numerik, eksperimental, atau kombinasi metode-metode tersebut. Namun, perkembangan teknologi komputer membuat studi simulasi numerik menjadi semakin sering. Temuan studi CFT yang dilakukan sebelum abad ke-21 terkait dengan parameter desain utama CFT seperti tinggi nosel, sudut serang, sudut pelepasan, atau rasio diameter. Kemudian, pengembangan pendekatan computational fluid dynamic (CFD) diprakarsai oleh Patankar pada tahun 1980 yang mengembangkan penyelesaian masalah aliran fluida numerik berbasis staggered grid, metode diskritisasi upwind orde pertama dan metode Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE). Setelah pengembangan pendekatan CFD cukup matang pada awal abad ke-21, pengembangan CFT menjadi lebih halus dengan modifikasi yang kecil namun efektif. Studi ini telah menghasilkan bahwa model turbulensi yang direkomendasikan untuk simulasi CFD CFT 2D adalah k-E. Disarankan juga untuk menggunakan pendekatan unsteady 6-DOF daripada pendekatan lainnya yang telah ditemukan sebelumnya. Simulasi CFD pada kasus dalam studi ini menggunakan model turbulensi k-E dan pendekatan 6-DOF menghasilkan galat relatif rata-rata 2,99 0,40 dari hasil eksperimen.

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Isolated rural area electricity was very crucial issue to resolve electrification ratio problem in Indonesia. Compared to other options pico hydro cross-flow turbine (CFT) is the better option to provides electrical power for isolated rural area. Studies to improve CFT performance can be undertaken analytically, numerically, experimentally, or combination of those methods. However, the development of computer technology makes numerical simulation studies has becoming increasingly frequent. The finding of CFT studies conducted before 21st century were related to the main design parameter of CFT e.g. nozzle height, angle of attack, discharge angle, or diameter ratio. Then, the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) approach development was initiated by Patankar in 1980 who develop staggered grid based numerical fluid flow problem solving, first order upwind discretization method and Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation (SIMPLE) method. After CFD approach development has mature enough at the beginning of 21st century, the development of CFT becoming finer with small but effective modification. This study has resulting that the recommended turbulence model for CFT 2D CFD simulation is k-E. It is also recommended to use 6-DOF unsteady approach instead of other prior approach. The CFD simulations and experiment testing using reccomended turbulence model and unsteady approach produced an average relative error of 2.99 0.40."

"This volume presents a mathematical development of a recent approach to the modeling and simulation of turbulent flows based on methods for the approximate solution of inverse problems. The resulting approximate deconvolution models or ADMs have some advantages over more commonly used turbulence models, as well as some disadvantages. Present the analytical theory of ADMs, along with its connections, motivations and complements in the phenomenology of and algorithms for ADMs."

"Tugas akhir ini menyajikan tentang bagaimana mengatahui pengoptimalan pipa spiral tiga lobes yang dialiri oleh lumpur dengan tingkat kelengkungan pipa, dengan penggunaan Reynolds Number. Aliran lumpur terdiri dari partikel padat dan fluida yang membentuk endapan, dengan karakteristik aliran yang mempengaruhi pada ukuran partikel, distribusi partikel, konsentrat partikel, geometri pipa, dan viskositas. Konsentrasi lumpur yang mengalir dalam percobaan ini diikuti oleh Concentration Weight. Pusaran yang mengalir dalam pipa spiral akan menunjukkan keefektifan putaran, serta intensitas pusaran sebagaimana dengan persamaannya, dan tekanan jatuhnya. Analisis dan grafik akan dijelaskan dari data dua buah pipa spiral. Ada dua pipa spiral dan masing-masing memiliki empat lengkungan yang berbeda, dan dialiri oleh lumpur. Pada laju alir yang tinggi, efek geometri swirl dapat menjadi tekanan yang berlebih dikarenakan partikel padat. Konsentrasi padatan dari lumpur telah dibagi dengan 20Cw, 30Cw, dan 40Cw. Pitch per Diameter dibagi menjadi dua yaitu 5 dan 9. Hasilnya didapat dari dua buah pipa spiral pada kelengkungan yang maksimum, dan Computational Fluid Dymanics membantu mencari variabel yang dibutuhkan dari dua pipa spiral dengan masing-masing kelengkungan. Tujuannya yaitu mengetahui perbedaan antara kelengkungan yang akan menunjukkan optimalisasi terbaik di setiap pipa spiral.

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In this study, a spiral pipe 3 lobes that is flowed with slurry is optimized on different degrees of curvature and specified Reynolds Number. Flow of slurries consists of solid particles and fluid which then forms suspension. Suspension is caused by the characteristics of the flow such as the size of the particle, the distribution of particle, the concentrate of particle, the pipe geometry, and viscosity. The slurry with specified Reynolds Number is flown through two spiral pipes with each one has a different four degrees of curvature. On a high flow rate, the increase of the pressure for mixed flow solid-liquid (slurries) occurs higher than in pure fluids. Meanwhile during low flow rate, the effect of swirl geometry reduces the excessive pressure due to the solid particle. Concentration weight of slurry is divided to 20Cw, 30Cw, and 40Cw. P/Di is divided by 5 and 9. The result of experiment was found to be by using two spiral pipe and while the simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics shows the result of eight curvature spiral pipe. It is expected that the difference between curvature will shows the best optimum condition for each spiral pipe."

"Dalam penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pressure drop dari aliran pendidihan dua fase(boiling two phase flow) untuk refrigran Propane (R-290), tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari refrigerant alternatif. Nilai penurunan tekanan diperoleh dari heat flux 5-20 kW/m2, Mass Flux 50-400kg/m2s, temperature saturasi 100C dan 50C serta kualitas uap hingga 1,0. Test Section berbentuk tabung stainless steel dengan diameter dalam 1,5 mm dan 3,0 mm, dengan panjang 2000 mm. Pada pipa konvensional nilai penurunan tekanan didapat dari heat flux 5.21-19.03 kW/m2 , Mass flux 366.11 – 637.63 kg/m2s, temperatur saturasi 6.75 – 19.39 0C, dengan diameter dalam 7.6 mm serta panjang 1070 mm. Penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh mass flux, heat flux, ukuran dalam diameter tabung dan temperature saturasi pada penurunan tekanan, hasil percobaan akan dibandingkan dengan penurunan tekanan hasil eksperimen dan jurnal. Untuk mengkomparasi nilai pressure drop dari eksperimen dilakukan simulasi menggunakan metode Computational Fluid Dynamics. Model simulasi yang digunakan adalah nucleate boiling dan wall boiling, sedangkan untuk memastikan bahwa propane mengalami perubahan fase digunakan metode Eulerian. Dengan menggunakan software ANSYS 14.0 Fluent nilai pressure drop yang didapat memiliki deviasi 9% untuk diameter inlet 3 mm sedangkan untuk diameter inlet 1.5 mm deviasi mencapai -77,67%, dan untuk pipa konvensional deviasi -61.29 %.

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This study discusses the pressure drop of two-phase flow boiling for refrigerant Propane (R-290), the purpose of this study is looking for an alternative refrigerant. Pressure drop value’s obtained by heat fluxes range from 5-20 kW/m2, Mass Flux from 50-400kg/m2s, saturation temperature 100C, 50C and vapour quality to 1.0. Test Section made from stainless steel with a diameter of 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm, with a length of 2000 mm. As for the conventional pipe pressure drop value from 5,21 to 19,03 kW/m2 for heat flux, mass flux 366.11 - 637.63 kg/m2s, saturation temperature 6.75 – 19.39 0C, with inlet diameter 7.6 mm and length of 1070 mm. This study shows the effect of mass flux, heat flux, pipe inlet diameter and saturation temperature on pressure drop. Experimental results will be compared with the pressure drop simulation results. For compare pressure drop value of experiments conducted simulation using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Simulation model used is nucleate boiling and boiling wall, to ensure the propane have phase change used Eulerian method. By using the software ANSYS FLUENT 14.0 pressure drop values obtained have a deviation of 9% for the inlet diameter 3 mm and 1.5 mm for the inlet diameter deviation reaches -77.67%, while for conventional pipe -61.29% deviation."