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"Plastic surgery : a problem based approach provides a problem-based approach to solutions for common scenarios in plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery and serves as a practical guide to managing a plastic surgical case.This book outlines a pathway through management for the clinician, consisting of six phases :1) Recognition of the condition: facilitated by high quality images.2) General approach: provided by an opening “mindset” statement for the particular case. 3) Assessment: the critical aspects of the history and examination.4) Treatment: key decisions and key interventions.5) Management: post-intervention expectations.6) Evidence : the rationale behind the preceding treatment and an overview of any controversies."

"Smith and Nesi’s ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, third edition has taken the best of the field’s classic reference text and expanded upon it, continuing its reputation as the foremost guide to the subspecialty. Every practitioner of plastic and reconstructive surgery will find useful information in this comprehensive, in-depth text, including an update on the changes and advances of the last several years and a new section on pediatric consideration. Detailed chapters on ophthalmic anatomy are also included, as well as sections on eyelid dermatology, socket surgery, and cosmetic surgery. Every consideration has been made by Dr. Nesi and his co-editors to cover every aspect important to the ophthalmic plastic surgeon.Features, fully updated and revised edition of Smith’s ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, comprehensive text with detailed chapters that cover all aspects of the subject matter, and more than 1700 figures and 77 chapters."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana hukum medis dan etika kedokteran itu berlaku di Indonesia mengatur operasi plastik, rekonstruksi wajah total dan hukum tanggung jawab dokter dan rumah sakit yang melakukan operasi rekonstruksi wajah, dengan menganalisis praktik total rekonstruksi wajah Pasien X yang dilakukan di RSUP dr Rumah Sakit Universitas Airlangga. Bentuk penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif penelitian yuridis dengan penelitian deskriptif. Secara hukum, operasi rekonstruksi wajah diatur dalam beberapa pasal yang tercantum dalam UU No. 36 tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Dilihat dari kode etik kesehatan yang berlaku di Indonesia, praktik facial Rekonstruksi termasuk dalam pelayanan kesehatan kuratif, yaitu kegiatan dan / atau aserangkaian kegiatan medis yang bertujuan menyembuhkan penyakit. Dalam praktiknya total wajah rekonstruksi Pasien X, unsur kerusakan yang diderita pasien bukanlah a akibat kelalaian dokter karena dokter telah melaksanakan kewajibannya untuk berjuang untuk mengubah bentuk dan meningkatkan fungsi wajah Pasien X, sehingga menjadi dokter tidak bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban dalam hukum perdata. Teori sentral paling tepat tanggung jawab digunakan dalam menentukan tanggung jawab rumah sakit atas tindakan rekonstruksi dokter dalam praktek rekonstruksi wajah, karena di operasi rekonstruktif, terutama kasus-kasus sulit memerlukan banyak ahli dari berbagai bidang disiplin ilmu, dan rumah sakit dapat menggunakan konselor dan dokter yang tidak terus berlatih di rumah sakit. Diperlukan peraturan yang memadai untuk mengatur rekonstruksi wajah sebagai diuraikan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah dan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan.

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This study aims to analyze how the medical law and medical ethics apply in Indonesia regulating plastic surgery, total facial reconstruction and the legal responsibilities of doctors and hospitals that perform facial reconstruction surgery, by analyzing the total practice of facial reconstruction in Patient X which is carried out in RSUP from Hospital Airlangga University. The form of research used in this study is juridical normative research with descriptive research. Legally, facial reconstruction operations are regulated in several articles listed in Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Judging from the health code of ethics that applies in Indonesia, the practice of facial Reconstruction is included in curative health services, namely activities and / or a a series of medical activities aimed at curing diseases. In practice the total facial reconstruction of Patient X, the element of damage suffered by the patient is not due to the negligence of the doctor because the doctor has carried out his obligation to struggle to change the shape and improve the facial function of Patient X, so that becoming a doctor cannot be held accountable in civil law. The most appropriate central theory of responsibility is used in determining the hospital's responsibility for physician reconstruction actions in the practice of facial reconstruction, because in reconstructive surgery, especially difficult cases require many experts from various disciplines, and hospitals can use counselors and doctors who do not continue to practice in the hospital. Adequate regulations are needed to regulate facial reconstruction as described in Government Regulations and Minister of Health Regulations."

"[ABSTRAKPendahuluan :Fraktur Midface merupakan fraktur yang sering terjadi dapat dapat memberikan efek baik dari segi estetik dan fungsi. Fraktur Midface yang tidak ditangani dengan baik akan merubah bentuk wajah menjadi tidak proporsional, salah satunya wajah yang menjadi lebih lebar dan panjang, terdapat depresi malar. Tata laksana dengan reposisi segmen fraktur dan fiksasi interna merupakan pilihan utama.Metode :Data yang diambil dari status estetik dengan menggunakan studi cross sectional pada pasien dengan fraktur midface sebelum operasi ORIF didapatkan di rekam medis, dan data setelah opeasi ORIF didapatkan dari follow up (4 years), kemudian dilakukan pengukuran dari proyeksi vertical, horizontal dan warm?s view .Hasil :Berdasarkan analisis fotografi dari proyeksi vertikal didapatkan 3 pasien memiliki proporsi muka yang baik, 3 pasien memiliki proporsi wajah yang baik dikarenakan perbedaan rata-rata. Berdasarkan analisis fotografi dari proyeksi horizontal didapatkan 3 pasien memiliki panjang muka yang berbeda, 2 pasien memiliki dystopia, 1 pasien memiliki enophtalmus. Berdasarkan analisi fotografi dari proyeksi worm?s eye didapatkan 4 pasien memiliki depresi malar eminensMengenai hasil estetika, didapatkan 4 pasien (66,6 %) puas dengan simetrisitas wajah setelah operasi. 2 pasien (33,3 %) mengeluhkan tidak puas dengan penampilan akhir setelah operasiKesimpulan :Untuk dapat mengevaluasi hasil operasi ORIF di Divisi Bedah Plastik Rumah Sakit Ciptomangunkusumo. Tidak hanya dibutuhkan registrasi data awal yang baik, tetapi juga dibutuhkan sarana dan fasilitas untuk mendapatkan evaluasi jangka panjang pada pasien terutama lokasi pasien yang jaraknya jauh dari lokasi rumah sakit.

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ABSTRACTBackground :Midface fracture is a fracture that often occurs may be able to give a good effect in terms of aesthetics and functionality. Midface fracture that is not handled properly will change the shape of the face become disproportionate, one of which face becomes wider and longer, there is a malar depression. The management of the segment repositioning fracture and internal fixation is the main option.Methods:Data taken from the status aesthetic using cross sectional study in patients with fractures midface before surgery ORIF obtained in medical records, and the data after opeasi ORIF obtained from follow-up (4 years), then the measurement of the projected vertical, horizontal and warm's view.Result:Based on the photographic analysis of the vertical projection obtained 3 patients have a good proportion of the face, 3 patients had good facial proportions due to differences in average. Based on the photographic analysis of horizontal projection obtained 3 patients had a different face long, 2 patients had a dystopia, 1 patient had enophtalmus. Based on the photographic analysis of the worm's eye projection obtained 4 patients had a malar depression eminens.Regarding the aesthetic results, obtained four patients (66.6%) are satisfied with simetrisitas face after surgery. 2 patients (33.3%) complained of is not satisfied with the final appearance after surgeryConclusions:To be able to evaluate the results of ORIF surgery in the Division of Plastic Surgery Hospital Ciptomangunkusumo. Not only the data registration needed a good start, but also the infrastructure and facilities needed to obtain a long-term evaluation of the patients, especially the location of patients that were located far from the location of the hospital, Background :Midface fracture is a fracture that often occurs may be able to give a good effect in terms of aesthetics and functionality. Midface fracture that is not handled properly will change the shape of the face become disproportionate, one of which face becomes wider and longer, there is a malar depression. The management of the segment repositioning fracture and internal fixation is the main option.Methods:Data taken from the status aesthetic using cross sectional study in patients with fractures midface before surgery ORIF obtained in medical records, and the data after opeasi ORIF obtained from follow-up (4 years), then the measurement of the projected vertical, horizontal and warm's view.Result:Based on the photographic analysis of the vertical projection obtained 3 patients have a good proportion of the face, 3 patients had good facial proportions due to differences in average. Based on the photographic analysis of horizontal projection obtained 3 patients had a different face long, 2 patients had a dystopia, 1 patient had enophtalmus. Based on the photographic analysis of the worm's eye projection obtained 4 patients had a malar depression eminens.Regarding the aesthetic results, obtained four patients (66.6%) are satisfied with simetrisitas face after surgery. 2 patients (33.3%) complained of is not satisfied with the final appearance after surgeryConclusions:To be able to evaluate the results of ORIF surgery in the Division of Plastic Surgery Hospital Ciptomangunkusumo. Not only the data registration needed a good start, but also the infrastructure and facilities needed to obtain a long-term evaluation of the patients, especially the location of patients that were located far from the location of the hospital]"

"Latar Belakang: Pergeseran dominasi antara laki-laki dan perempuan pada dunia kedokteran terjadi dari waktu ke waktu di berbagai belahan dunia, termasuk di bidang bedah plastik di Indonesia. Profesi yang semula didominasi oleh laki-laki, saat ini didominasi perempuan. Pergeseran dominasi perempuan ini memungkinkan terjadinya masalah-masalah yang berpengaruh pada pendidikan dan pelayanan bedah plastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi fenomena dominasi perempuan pada pendidikan spesialis di Indonesia. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif berupa studi fenomenologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 program pendidikan dokter spesialis bedah plastik rekonstruksi dan estetik di Indonesia. Penelitian dimulai pada bulan Januari 2020. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari 4 kelompok, yaitu peserta didik, dosen, pengelola program studi, dan pengguna lulusan. Responden penelitian dipilih menggunakan metode maximum variation sampling. Setiap responden mendapatkan informed consent, seluruh informasi yang diberikan sifatnya rahasia dan tidak memengaruhi proses pendidikan responden. Metode pengumpulan data berupa studi dokumen, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan In-Depth Interview. Data penelitian yang diperoleh dari berbagai metode diatas, kemudian dianalisis dan diolah lebih dalam secara tematik. Hasil: Peneliti membagi tema berdasarkan garis waktu proses pendidikan, yaitu: prapendidikan, intra-pendidikan, dan pascapendidikan. Masing-masing proses memiliki tema yang saling memengaruhi proses pendidikan. Pada masa prapendidikan terdapat karakter personal yang dipengaruhi oleh persepsi positif maupun negatif dari masyarakat. Sedangkan iklim lingkungan kerja, dampak dominasi perempuan, dan dimensi budaya memengaruhi kelancaran intra-pendidikan. Pasca pendidikan dan memasuki dunia kerja, peserta didik menginginkan suatu kondisi lingkungan kerja yang ideal dan terdapat preferensi tempat bekerja tertentu untuk mencapai kondisi well-being. Kesimpulan: Dampak dominasi perempuan selama pendidikan hanya akan berpengaruh pada dinamika kehidupan antar peserta didik dan antara peserta didik dengan dosen sebagai mentor. Namun dominasi ini tidak akan memengaruhi kualitas pendidikan dan beban kerja yang diberikan. Pada penelitian ini juga didapatkan fenomena kesenjangan kepemimpinan tidak terjadi selama pendidikan tetapi terjadi pada pascapendidikan. Namun kesenjangan kepemimpinan bukanlah akibat tekanan dalam komunitas, melainkan kecenderungan dari pribadi perempuan pada umumnya di kelompok masyarakat feminim.

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Introduction: Shifting in gender dominance between men and women in the medical field has occurred from time to time globally, including in Indonesia’s plastic surgery. The profession, which was initially dominated by men, is currently dominated by women. This shift in female dominance might allow problems that affect the education and clinical settings of plastic surgery. This study aims to explore the phenomenon of women's dominance in medical residency education in Indonesia. Method: This study is a qualitative study of phenomenology. It was conducted on 3 medical residency programs specializing in reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery in Indonesia. The study began in January 2020. The research population consisted of 4 groups, namely students, lecturers, study program managers, and graduate users. Research subjects were selected using the maximum variation sampling method. Each respondent was provided with informed consent, all information given was confidential and did not affect the educational process of the respondent. Data collection methods include document study, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and In-Depth Interview. Research data obtained from various methods above was analyzed and processed thematically. Results: The themes were categorized based on the educational process timeline, namely: pre-education, intra-education, and post-education. Each timeline had several themes which mutually influenced the educational process. During pre-education there were personal characters which were affected by positive and negative perceptions from society. Whereas the work environment atmosphere, the impact of women's dominance, and the cultural dimension affected the intra-educational process. After graduating from residency program and entering the career life, students expected an ideal working environment and had certain workplace preferences to achieve their well-being. Conclusion: The impact of women's dominance during education affected the daily dynamics among students and their interaction with lecturers as mentors. However, this dominance did not affect the quality of education and workload. We also found that the phenomenon of leadership disparity did not occur during education but occurred in post-education setting. This leadership disparity was not resulted by pressure in the community, but due to the tendency of the women’s personality in general among the feminine community."

"Background: Pada program pelatihan residensi bedah Plastik, pengukiran framework untuk telinga luar pada prosedur mikrotia masih terbatas pada sistem magang. Menurut model berbasis simulasi, residen dapat dilatih sebelum menghadapi pasien sebenarnya. Penelitian ini akan menilai efisiensi dari program pelatihan pengukiran framework telinga luar untuk residen Bedah Plastik Rekonstruksi dan Estetik.Materials and Methods: 14 residen bedah plastik masuk dalam penelitian ini, terbagi menjadi dua grup. Grup I, terdiri dari residen yang pernah mengikuti prosedur mikrotia lebih dari 1 kali sebagai asisten atau pengukir sementara grup II beum pernah. Grup II akan mendapat program pelatihan yang terdiri dari kuliah dan video, dilanjutkan dengan pengukiran dengan subtitusi kartilago dalam bimbingan. Hasil akhir akan dinilai oleh 2 orang konsultan ahli bedah Mikrotia dalam hal presisi anatomi dan ukuran serta kecepatan pengukiran.Result: Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan bermakna dalam hal kecepatan pengukiran dengan p=0.003 (p<0.005) antara 2 grup. Sementara dalam presisi anatomi, terdapat peningkatan bermakna pada tinggi tragus dengan p=0.003 (p<0.005) serta penurunann tinggi antitragus dengan p=0.000 (p<0.0005), dan pada nilai lain tidak terdapat perbedaaan yang signifikan diantara 2 grup. Conclusion: Dari penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kecuali tinggi anti tragus, hasil ini menunjukkan efektivitas program pelatihan antara mereka yang belum pernah mengikuti operasi mikrotia dengan mereka yang sudah berpengalaman.

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Background: In Plastic Surgery residency training program, cartilage carving of external ear reconstruction for Microtia's procedure was limited to traditional apprenticeship model. Under simulation based training, resident could be groomed before facing the real patient. This study will be evaluate the efficacy training program for cartilage carving of external ear framework for resident of Aesthetic Reconstructive Plastic Surgery.Materials and Methods: 14 plastic surgery resident will be enrolled in this study, separated into two group. Group I, consisted of resident had experience in Microtia's procedure more than once asisstant or carver meanwhile group II hadn't. Group II will had training program comprised of lecture and video then carving of cartilage substitute under guidance. A week later, both group would carve external ear cartilage framework without guidance. The final result will be assesed by two consultant of Microtia's surgeon in term of anatomical, size appearance of external ear and speed of carving.Result: Study showed that there was improvement in term of speed of carving with p = 0.003 (p<0.005) between both group. Meanwhile, in term of anatomical precision, there was improvement in tragal height with p=0.003 (p<0.005) and decline antitragal height with p=0.000 (p<0.0005), though in other points there was no significant differences between both team. Conclusion: From study, we concluded that except for antitragal height point, this result successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of the training program between those who had never experienced microtia's procedure before than those who had."