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"This book highlights routing protocols for wireless mesh networks (WMNs; IEEE 802.11s). It provides an overview of the wireless networks (history, MANET, family of IEEE 802.11, WMNS, etc.) and routing protocols, such as AODV, DSR, OLSR, etc, and also highlights two resolutions of routing protocols with respect to end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio and routing overhead in WMNs. Wireless mesh networks have become a hot topic for researcher into the deployment of wireless networks, and they represents the connectivity of mesh networking in IEEE 802.11 amendment in static and ad-hoc networks. Moreover, WMNs have numerous attractive features, such as highly reliable connectivity, easy deployment, self-healing, self-configuring, and flexible network expansion. The book describes two routing mechanisms: novel cluster-based routing protocols (NCBRP), and decentralized hybrid wireless mesh protocol (DHWMP)."

"ABSTRAKJaringan wireless ad-hoc mulai banyak digunakan dalam aplikasi multimedia. Aplikasi ini mempunyai karakteristik seperti kebutuhan akan Quality of Service (QoS). Salah satu solusi untuk menjamin QoS adalah bandwidth reservation. Dalam laporan ini, akan disampaikan evaluasi unjuk kerja MAC reservation protocol untuk dukungan trafik suara pada jaringan wireless ad hoc. Protokol dievaluasi berdasarkan pada IEEE 802.11. Dalam peneliatian ini, dibuat beberapa simulasi untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja dari protocol MAC yang diteliti.

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ABSTRACTThe ad hoc wireless networks are increasingly used by multimedia applications. These applications are characterized by the existence of constraints on quality of service (QoS) to respect. One solution to guarantee QoS is the bandwidth reservation. In this report, I present the performance evaluation of a MAC protocol for bandwidth reservation in ad hoc networks to support wireless traffic such as voice. The protocol is evaluated based on IEEE 802.11. I have made several simulations to evaluate the performance of MAC protocol considered."

"Wireless networking technologies are witnessed to become the integral part of industry, business, entertainment and daily life. Encyclopedia of Wireless Networks is expected to provide comprehensive references to key concepts of wireless networks, including research results of historical significance, areas of current interests, and growing directions in the future wireless networks. It can serve as a valuable and authoritative literature for students, researchers, engineers, and practitioners who need a quick reference to the subjects of wireless network technology and its relevant applications. "

"Pada routing multi-hop, cluster head yang dekat dengan base station berperan sebagai node perantara bagi cluster head yang jauh dari base station untuk menyampaikan paket data dari node reguler ke base station. Cluster head sebagai relay akan menghabiskan energi lebih cepat sehingga menyebabkan masalah hotspot. Makalah ini mengusulkan algoritma routing multi-hop dinamis bernama Data Similarity Aware untuk Dynamic Multi-hop Routing Protocol DSA-DMRP untuk memecahkan masalah hotspot, meningkatkan masa hidup jaringan dan skalabilitas jaringan, dan memenuhi persyaratan aplikasi yang dipertimbangkan kesamaan data dari node yang berdekatan. DSA-DMRP menggunakan teknik agregasi fuzzy untuk mengukur kemiripan data mereka agar partisi jaringan menjadi cluster ukuran yang tidak sama. Dalam mekanisme ini, setiap node dapat mengenali dan mencatat simpul tetangga yang serupa. Selanjutnya, aturan K-hop Clustering Algorithm KHOPCA yang dimodifikasi digunakan untuk memilih cluster head dan membuat rute untuk transmisi intra cluster dan interkluster. DSA-DMRP dibandingkan dengan KHOPCA untuk menjustifikasi kinerjanya. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa, DSA DMRP dapat memperbaiki masa hidup jaringan dibanding KHOPCA, dan memecahkan masalah hotspot.

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In multi hop routing, cluster heads close to the base station role as intermediate nodes for farther cluster heads to relay the data packet from regular nodes to base station. The cluster heads as relays will deplete their energy more quickly that causes hot spot problem. This paper proposes a dynamic multi hop routing algorithm named Data Similarity Aware for Dynamic Multi hop Routing Protocol DSA DMRP to solve the hot spot problem, improve the lifetime and scalability of the network, and satisfy the requirement of applications that consider the data similarity of adjacent nodes. The DSA DMRP uses fuzzy aggregation technique to measure their data similarity degree in order to partition the network into unequal size clusters.

In this mechanism, each node can recognize and note its similar neighbor nodes. Next, the modified K hop Clustering Algorithm KHOPCA rules by adding a priority factor that considers residual energy and distance to the base station is used to select cluster heads and create the best routes for intra cluster and inter cluster transmission. The DSA DMRP was compared against the KHOPCA to justify the performance. Simulation results show that, the DSA DMRP can improve the network lifetime longer than the KHOPCA, and solve the hotspot problem."

"Covers the low-power Wireless sensor network (WSN) services ranging from hardware platforms and communication protocols to network deployment, and sensor data collection and actuation. This book explains the implications of resource constraints and expected performance in terms of throughput, reliability and latency. "

"Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) terdiri dari sejumlah besar sensor nodes, dan digunakan untuk berbagai aplikasi seperti pemantauan gedung, pengendalian lingkungan, pemantauan kehidupan habitat liar, deteksi kebakaran hutan, otomatisasi industri, militer, keamanan, dan kesehatan. Setiap sensor node memerlukan sistem operasi (SO) yang dapat mengontrol hardware, menyediakan abstraksi hardware untuk aplikasi perangkat lunak, dan mengisi kesenjangan antara aplikasi dan hardware. Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyajikan SO untuk WSNs dan percobaan dari portcontikiOS untuk MSP430 mikrokontroler yang sangat populer di platform hardware untuk WSNs. Peneliti memulai dengan menghadirkan isu utama yaitu desain SO untuk WSNs. Lalu, peneliti memeriksa beberapa sistem operasi populer untuk WSNs, termasuk TinyOS, ContikiOS, dan LiteOS. Akhirnya peneliti menyajikan sebuah percobaan dari port ContikiOS untuk MSP430 mikrokontroler.

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AbstractWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of sensor nodes, and are used for various applications such as building monitoring, environment control, wild-life habitat monitoring, forest fire detection, industry automation, military, security, and health-care. Each sensor node needs an operating system (OS) that can control the hardware, provide hardware abstraction to application software, and fill in the gap between applications and the underlying hardware. In this paper, researchers present OS for WSNs and an experiment of porting contikiOS to MSP430 microcontroller which is very popular in many hardware platforms for WSNs. Researchers begin by presenting the major issues for the design of OS for WSNs. Then, researchers examine some popular operating systems for WSNs including TinyOS, ContikiOS, and LiteOS. Finally, researchers present an experiment of porting ContikiOS to MSP430 microcontroller."

"The low-cost Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) consists of small battery powered devices called sensors, with limited energy capacity. Once deployed, accessibility to any sensor node for maintenance and battery replacement is not feasible due to the spatial scattering of the nodes. This will lead to an unreliable, limited lifetime and a poor connectivity network. In this paper a novel bio-inspired cluster-based deployment algorithm is proposed for energy optimization of the WSN and ultimately to improve the network lifetime. In the cluster initialization phase, a single cluster is formed with a single cluster head at the center of the sensing terrain. The second phase is for optimum cluster formation surrounding the inner cluster, based on swarming bees and a piping technique. Each cluster member distributes its data to its corresponding cluster head and the cluster head communicates with the base station, which reduces the communication distance of each node. The simulation results show that, when compared with other clustering algorithms, the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the number of clusters by 38% and improve the network lifetime by a factor of 1/4."

"This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Algorithms for Sensor Systems, Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, and Autonomous Mobile Entities, ALGOSENSORS 2011, held in Saarbrücken, Germany, in September 2011. The 16 revised full papers presented together with two invited keynote talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers are organized in two tracks: sensor networks, covering topics such as localization, lifetime maximization, interference control, neighbor discovery, self-organization, detection, and aggregation; and ad hoc wireless and mobile systems including the topics: routing, scheduling and capacity optimization in the SINR model, continuous monitoring, and broadcasting."

"Salah satu tantangan dalam mengintegrasikan jaringan sensor nirkabel dengan internet adalah dibutuhkannya mekanisme perantara dua protokol yang berbeda, yaitu HTTP dan CoAP, agar sensor dapat diakses menggunakan URL standar. Mekanisme tersebut dapat diimplementasikan menggunakan cross-protocol reverse proxy yang ditanam di dalam border router. Penelitian skripsi ini fokus pada perancangan dan penerapan border router dengan membangun prototipe dengan fitur pemetaan HTTP-CoAP dan mekanisme caching. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proxy yang didesain dapat menangani 23 permintaan per detik, memiliki karakter meningkatnya nilai latency dengan konstanta kemiringan 23.667 terhadap peningkatan jumlah client, memiliki cache yang dapat mengurangi latency, dan mulai memberi error jika diakses lebih dari 1000 clients secara bersamaan.

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One of the main challenges in integrating wireless sensor networks with the internet is the need of intermediary mechanism interconnecting two different protocols, i.e. HTTP and CoAP, so that users can access the sensors with the standard URL. Such mechanism can be implemented using cross-protocol reverse proxy which lies on the border router. This research focused on the design and implementation of the border router by building the prototype for wireless sensor networks with HTTP-CoAP mapping and caching mechanism.

The result of this research showed that the designed proxy was able to handle 23 requests per second. The proxy had the linear increment of latency in respect to the number of clients with the gradient value of 23.667. The caching mehanism effectively reduced the latency and the proxy started to fail if accessed by more than 1000 clients."