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"ABSTRAKSektor perdagangan menempati urutan kedua dalam menyumbangkan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB), setelah sektor perindustrian. Sektor perdagangan semakin memberikan harapan yang lebih baik bagi pembangunan ekonomi, karena kemampuan membeli dari (anggota) masyarakat semakin meningkat. Sejalan dengan peningkatan ini tµntutan akan pelayanan yang lebih baik dari pedagang kepada konsumen juga akan semakin meningkat, sehingga beralihnya konsumen pasar tradisional ke pasar swalayan merupakan bukti dari permintaan tersebut. Persoalannya adalah bahwa (di samping) pasar tradisonal berfungsi sebagai penampung lapangan kerja dan telah menciptakan nilai-nilai sejarah dalam dunia perdagangan eceran di Indonesia, keberadaannya kian lama, kian terancam oleh pertumbuhan pasar swalayan. Bagaimana peranan hukum dan etika dalam menjaga persaingan antara pasar swalayan dan pasar tradisional menjadi persaingan yang sehat. Persaingan sehat adalah persaingan yang saling menunjang kemajuan dan menjamin kelangsungan berusaha setiap (anggota) masyarakat yang ingin berdagang. Berkaitan dengan permasalahan tersebut di belakang, tujuan yang hendak dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui apa (substansi) hukum persaingan perdagangan eceran antara kedua jenis pasar tersebut, dan bagaimana peranan dan fungsinya. Oleh karena itu, menarik untuk dikaji apa dan bagaimana peranan hukum persaingan antara kedtianya. Dalam penelitian ini, di samping data yang bersumber dari bahan-bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tarsier, juga digunakan data pustaka lainnya yaitu data statistik dan laporan-laporan penelitian, serta data lapangan melalui observasi terhadap perilaku pedagang dan konsumen. Hasil penelitian ini telah menujukan bahwa persaingan antara kedua jenis pasar tersebut tidak seimbang, jika tidak ingin disebut sebagai persaingan yang tidak sehat. Ketidak seimbangan ini disebabkan karena kurang tanggap dan ketidak mainpuan pedagang pasar tradisional memenuhi tuntutan konsumen, dan ketidakmampuan pedagang pasar tradisional mengelola usaha dagangannya dengan efisien. Sementara itu pihak pengusaha pasar swalayan telah melakukan beberapa pelanggaran hokum, di antaranya menyangkut. perizinan; jarak pasar swalayan dengan pasar tradisional; jam buka pasar swalayan; Berita adanya kelemahan yang diperlihatkan oleh pihak pengelola perpasaran, Perusahaan Daerah Pasar Jaya, dalam membina pedagang pasar tradisional. (GND)"

"Kegiatan pokok perdagangan eceran melakukan penjualan barang secara langsung kepada konsumen akhir dalam partai kecil. Bentuk usaha eceran terdiri dari usaha eceran tradisional dan modern. Bentuk usaha eceran secara tradisional umumnya masih menggunakan sarana toko atau pasar dan merupakan usaha perorangan dengan jumlah barang yang dijual terbatas macam dan jumlahnya. Bentuk usaha eceran lain adalah usaha eceran modern dengan modal besar yang menjual beragam barang (lengkap) dan memiliki tempat-tempat usaha yang strategis dengan berbagai sarana dan prasarana (one-stop shopping).Ekspansi usaha pedagang eceran besar dan juga dengan terbukanva perdagangan eceran bagi penanam modal asing menimbulkan kekhawatiran usaha pedagang eceran kecil akan hancur. Selain itu, usaha perdagangan eceran dengan storeiless store seperti multilevel marketing, TV Shopping, dan lain-lain juga menambah persaingan dalam usaha eceran. Berdasarkan pengertian ini, persaingan yang terjadi dalam perdagangan eceran adalah antara sesama pedagang eceran besar baik lokal maupun asing. Meskipun demikian usaha untuk melindungi kepentingan pedagang eceran kecil sekaligus meningkatkan kualitas usahanya perlu dilakukan baik dari pihak pemerintah, khususnya Departemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan, organisasi pedagang eceran, maupun akademisi. Usaha-usaha pokok dimaksud meliputi lokasi usaha, program kemitraan, dan perlindungan hukum.Aspek perlindungan hukum yang masih perlu diperbaiki mencakup perizinan usaha, permodalan, kemitraan, distribusi barang dan persaingan usaha. Pengertian persaingan usaha yang sehat tidak hanya mencakup ketentuan hukum tertulis, namun mencakup pula pengertian hukum tidak tertulis seperti etika bisnis. Untuk mencegah persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat dalam usaha eceran terdapat dua Cara pokok, yaitu perbaikan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang usaha eceran serta penegakannya dan peningkatan kualitas usaha pedagang eceran kecil.

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The main activity of retailing business is to sell goods in small quantities to the end user. There are traditional and modern retailing businesses. The traditional retailing business usually uses shop or market in selling its limited quantity and variety of goods. The modern retailing business that owns big capital sells various goods. Its store locates in strategic business area and has modern facilities (one-stop shopping). This retailer is called big retailer.The concern of the destruction of small retailers comes up since the expansion of the local big retailers as well as the disclosure of retailing business for foreign investment. The store less store such as multi-level marketing, TV Shopping, etc increases the competition on retailing business. Based on this research, the competition of retailing business occurs among local and foreign big retailers. The small retailers needs the government, particularly the Department of Industry and Commerce, retailers' organization, and academic institution assistance to protect the interest of small retailers as well as to enhance the quality of their businesses. Such assistances include the business location, partnership program and legal protection. The aspects of legal protection that needs to be improved are business permit, capitalization, partnership, distribution of goods and business competition. The meaning of fair business competition covers the written law and unwritten law such as business ethics. There are two main methods in protecting the unfair competition on retailing businesses, i.e. the improvement of regulations on retailing business and its enforcement, as well as the enhancement of business quality of small retailers."

"Dasawarsa setelah Perang Dunia II menunjukkan kemajuan teknologi yang teramat pesat dan banyak melahirkan ciptaan baru. Tidak hanya kepada penemuan peralatan dan mesin modern, tetapi juga membawa perubahan besar dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Salah satu yang menonjol di bidang sosial-ekonomi dalam masyarakat kita adalah fenomena yang disebut sebagai pasar swalayan (super market) yang menggeser peranan pasar tradisional. Pasar tradisional, sebagai suatu bentuk awal kegiatan ekonomi sederhana dalam kehidupan masyarakat Indonesia terutama di Batavia/Jakarta, mempunyai sejarah yang panjang. Ini dibuktikan dengan nama-nama sejumlah wilayah di kawasan DKI Jakarta yang mengambil nama pasar dan nama hari pasar, seperti: Pasar Ikan, Pasar Baru, Pasar Glodok, Pasar Tanah Abang, dan Pasar Senen. Sejarah pemberian nama wilayah berkaitan dengan nama pasar dan hari pasar bermula dari aturan yang dibuat oleh pemerintah kolonial di jaman VOC Hindia Belanda, kegiatan pasar ditentukan harinya untuk wilayah-wilayah tertentu. Jadi Pasar Senen yang dulunya dikenal sebagai Vinke Bazaar mendapat giliran hari pasar yang jatuh pada hari Senen. Demikian pula pasar juga merupakan suatu peristiwa sejarah pada waktu penyerangan tentara Mataram ke Batavia."

"[ABSTRAKSayuran kemangi yang sering dikonsumsi secara mentah misalnya sebagai lalapan, dapat menjadi media transmisi infeksi parasit usus yaitu Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) dan kista protozoa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional dengan metode potong lintang, menggunakan 40 sampel sayuran kemangi yang dibeli secara acak dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan di Jakarta. Dua puluh sampel dari pasar tradisional dan 20 sampel dari pasar swalayan kemudian direndam selama 24 jam dalam larutan garam cuka dan air sebagai kontrol. Perendaman ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh jumlah kontaminasi parasit usus. Data berupa jumlah telur STH atau kista protozoa kemudian diproses dengan SPSS versi 20 dan dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan atau uji Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan 14 sampel terkontaminasi STH, 7 sampel dari pasar tradisional dan 7 sampel dari pasar swalayan, dan seluruh sampel (100%) terkontaminasi kista protozoa. Jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan sebesar 1780 pada pasar tradisional dan 1550 pada pasar pasar swalayan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p > 0,05) antarajumlah kontaminasi parasit usus yang ditemukan pada pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta, dan diperoleh perbedaan bermakna (p<0,05) antara jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan pada media perendaman larutan garam cuka dan air. Jenis pasar tidak mempengaruhi kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kemangi dan penggunaan larutan garam cuka sebagai media perendaman berpengaruh terhadap jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan.

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ABSTRACTBasil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditional markets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780 from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type of market does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.;Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditional markets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780 from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type of market does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.;Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditionalmarkets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type ofmarket does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.;Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditionalmarkets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type ofmarket does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites., Basil is often consumed uncooked, instance as lalapan, but it can be a medium of transmission of the intestinal parasites infection, Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) and protozoan cysts. This research used an observational analytic crosssectional method, which used 40 samples of basil purchased randomly from the traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta. Twenty samples from traditionalmarkets and 20 samples from selservice markets were soaked in acetous salt solution and water as a control study to obtain the number of STH eggs or protozoan cysts. Data were processed by SPSS 20 version then analyzed by t test or Mann Whitney. Result of research showed 14 samples were contaminated by STH, 7 from traditional markets and 7 from selfservice markets, and all samples (100%) were contaminated by protozoan cysts. The number of parasites is 1780from traditional markets and 1550 from selfservice markets. Results of this research showed, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites in traditional and selfservice markets in Jakarta, and there was significant difference (p<0.05) between the prevalence of intestinal parasites by sedimentation method in acetous salt solution and water. Type ofmarket does not affect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in basil, and acetous salt solution as soaking media in sedimentation method, affects the prevalence of parasites.]"

"[ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, kubis sering dikonsumsi mentah sebagai lalapan, hal ini dapat meningkatkan kejadian infeksi parasit usus. Adanya asumsi masayarakat mengenai perbedaan kebersihan antara sayuran dari pasar tradisional dan swalayan. Untuk itu, dilakukan penelitian mengenai prevalensi kontaminasi parasit usus pada sayuran kubis di pasar tradisional dan swalayan Jakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang analitik observasional. Sampel sayuran kubis yang berasal dari 20 pasar tradisional dan 20 pasar swalayan Jakarta. 100 gram kubis dari setiap sampel direndam selama 24 jam dengan larutan garam jenuh. Air rendaman disaring kemudian disentrifugasi (teknik sedimentasi). Hasil endapan dilihat dibawah mikroskop untuk identifikasi kontaminasi parasit usus jenis STH dan protozoa. Didapatkan 100% kubis di pasar tradisional dan 90% di pasar swalayan positif terkontaminasi parasit usus. Total jumlah parasit usus yang ditemukan 3530/mL(55,5% pasar tradisional, 44,5% pasar swalayan). Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan yang bermakna antara kontaminasi parasit usus di pasar tradisional dan swalayan(p< 0,05). Telur A.lumbricoides terbanyak ditemukan di kedua jenis pasar. Penggunaan larutan garam jenuh sebagai media perendaman bermakna dibandingkan dengan air sebagai kontrol (p<0,05). Dengan demikian, jenis pasar tempat menjual sayuran kubis bermakna terhadap kontaminasi parasit usus.

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ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study. Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets. The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites.;In Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study.Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets.The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites., In Indonesia, cabbage are often eaten raw as salad, it can increase the incidence of intestinal parasitic infections. An assumption of the community regarding the cleanliness difference between vegetables from traditional markets and supermarkets.Therefore, a research on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic contamination on cabbages in traditional markets and supermarkets Jakarta need to be done. This type of research is observational analytic cross-sectional study.Cabbage samples was taken from 20 traditional markets and 20 supermarkets in Jakarta. 100 gram cabbages from each samples were immersed in saturated salt solution for 24 hours. Soaking water is filtered and then centrifuged (sedimentation technique). Immersion in water was done as a control. Precipitated seen under a microscope to identify the type of intestinal parasites contamination, STH and protozoa. As the results, 100% of cabbage in the traditional markets and 90% in supermarkets were contaminated by intestinal parasites. The total number of intestinal parasites found 3530/mL (55.5% traditional markets, supermarkets 44.5%). The results showed a significant difference between intestinal parasite contamination in traditional markets and supermarkets(p <0.05). The most number eggs contamination are A.lumbricoidesfound in both types of markets.The use of saturated salt solution as an immersion medium significantly compared with water as the control(p <0.05). Thus, the type of marketselling cabbage significantly to contamination of intestinal parasites.]"