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"Menurut WHO dalam laporan Kesehatan Dunia 1997, ISPA merupakan masalah kesehatan yang besar terutama di negara berkembang. Kematian akibat ISPA, terutama Pneumonia sebesar 13,5% (1,5 juta) dari angka kematian total (11,1 Juta). Di Indonesia Angka kematian Pneumonia balita tersebut pada akhir Pelita V diperkirakan 6 per 1000 balita. Angka kematian Bayi di Kabupaten Bandung berdasarkan estimasi pada tahun 1998 adalah 46,11 per 1000 Kelahiran hidup.Berkembangnya tingkat kesakitan dan kematian karena Pneumonia bisa dilihat dari kemampuan ibu memberi pertolongan dan perawatan penunjang baku, kemampuan keluarga membedakan derajat ISPA Bukan Pneumonia dan Pneumonia, membawa anak mereka lebih awal bagi pengobatan khusus ke tempat pelayanan kesehatan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga dengan kejadian Pneumonia balita di wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Bandung tahun 2000.Jenis penelitian ini adalah kasus kontrol. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel 150 penderita Pneumonia pada balita yang datang ke Puskesmas dan berdomisili di wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Bandung sedangkan 150 kontrol adalah tetangga kasus yang sudah sembuh dari pneumonia dan Bukan Pneumonia. Alpha 0,05; Power of the test 80%. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner pada ibu balita dan dilakukan observasi dengan cara pengukuran dan pengamatan untuk mendapatkan data ventilasi, kepadatan rumah. Entri data menggunakan Epi Info Versi 6.0, analisis data menggunakan Stata versi 6 dan Stata Trasfers. Analisis meliputi analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat.Hasil akhir analisis multivariat adalah bermaknanya hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga dengan kejadian Pneumonia (cOR 2,87 ; 95% CI 1,42 - 5,79; p = 0,0027), setelah dikontrol dengan gizi balita, ekonomi keluarga hubungan tersebut tetap bermakia (aOR 2,32; 95% CI 1,09 - 4,94; p = 0,028) ), dan Population Attributable Risk(PAR) =99%. Variabel yang dimasukan dalam model akhir adalah, ekonomi keluarga dengan pertimbangan substantif diyakini dapat mengganggu hubungan praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga terhadap kejadian Pneumonia. Pengaruh variabel utama dan kovariat secara bersama-sama adalah dengan persamaan Logit P(kejadian Pneumonia) = - 1,3658 + (0,7821)praktek penanganan ISPA oleh ibu di tingkat keluarga + (1,1005) ekonomi keluarga.Saran operasional antara lain peningkatan pengetahuan melalui penyuluhan dan pendidikan kesehatan bagi petugas, ibu balita dalam deteksi dini mengenai hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan ISPA atau Pneumonia.Saran penelitian antara lain perlu dilakukan Riset Operational mengenai Pengembangan Kemitraan dengan LSM, Tokoh Agama. Perlu dilakukan Riset Operasional mengenai pengembangan media dan pesan untuk kegiatan komunikasi yang mudah dipahami, disukai oleh masyarakat.

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The Relationship between Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (ARI) Handle Practice by Mother in the Family Level with Incidence of Under-five Children Pneumonia in Public Health Services Bandung District in Year 2000According to WHO (World Health Organization) in the world healthy report in 1997, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) was the biggest health problem especially in developing countries. The death from ARI, especially Pneumonia was 13,5% (1,5 million) from the total death rate (11,1 million). In Indonesia, under five children mortality rate from Pneumonia by the end of Five Year Development Plan was about 6 /1000 under five children. The infant mortality rate in Bandung District based on estimation in1998 was 46,11/1000 living birth.

The development of Pneumonia morbidity and mortality can be seen from the ability of mother to give a help and to take care of their to provide a standardized supporting maintenance, the family ability to distinguish ARI degree is Un Pneumonia and the Pneumonia, taking their children early to the special treatment in a health care centre. This research is done to discover the relationship between ARI handle practice in the family level with incidence of under five children Pneumonia Bandung District Public health service 2000. The type of this research is case control. The research took 150 sample under five children with Pneumonia coming to Public health service whose domiciles were in jurisdiction of Bandung District Public health service, while 150 control was the neighborhood cases whose recovery from Pneumonia and Un Pneumonia. Alfa 0,05, power of the test 80%. Data were taken from interview that we've don using questionnaires to under five mother and we've don also an observation by measurement and observation in order to obtain data on both ventilation and houses entity. Entry data used Epi Info version 6.0, while data analysis used Stata version 6, and Stata transfers. The analysis involved univariate, bivariate, multivariate analysis.

The final result of multivariate analysis is how significance the relationship between ARI handle practice by mother in the family level with the under five children Pneumonia incidence (cOR 2,87; 95% CI 1,42-5,79; p = 0,0027), after being controlled by under five children nutrien, the family financial, the relation is still significance (aOR 2,32; 955 CI 1,09-4,94; p = 0,028) and Population Attributable Risk (PAR) = 99%. The variable included in the final model is family financial with a substantive consideration, is able to confound he relationship between ARI handle practice by mother in family level to Pneumonia incidence. The main variable influence and the covariate collectively is Logit P (Pneumonia incidence) = -(-1,3558 + 0,7821( ARI handle practice by mother in family level) + 1,1005 (family financial).

The operational suggest that is the knowledge increase through the espionage and health education for the officer, under five children mother in detecting early anything related to ARI or Pneumonia.

The research suggest that is it's necessary to do the operational riset about partner development with Non Government Organization (NGO) and a religious Leader, media and massage development for the communication which is easy to understand and likeable for the community."

"Latar Belakangan: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit menular penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada balita di dunia, khususnya di negara berkembang. Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari enam negara dengan kasus ISPA pada balita terbanyak di dunia dengan insiden yang cukup tinggi. Beberapa faktor yang berkaitan dengan ISPA pada balita diantaranya yaitu faktor sosio-demografi, , faktor sosio-ekonomi, dan faktor lingkungan. DKI Jakarta memiliki beberapa permasalahan yang umum terjadi di kota besar seperti masalah Kependudukan, pekerjaan, dan polusi udara. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Provinsi DKI Jakarta pada tahun 2019- 2020, seperti usia ibu, tingkat Pendidikan ibu, tingkat Pendidikan ayah, jumlah perokok, jumlah industri, jumlah kendaraan bermotor, dan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) secara statistic. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desai studi ekologi berdasarkan tempat yang mencakup 44 kecamatan di wilayah Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Hasil: studi menunjukkan adanya korelasi terhadap kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada balita di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yaitu usia ibu (p = 0.011, r = 0.381), tingkat pendidikan ibu (p = 0,000, r = -0,385), jumlah perokok (p = 0.007, r = 0.422), dam ruang terbuka hijau (p = 0.048, r = 0.325). Sementara itu, untuk tingkat Pendidikan ayah, jumlah kendaraan bermotor, dan jumlah industri menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Provinsi DKI Jakarta.

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Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an infectious disease the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years in the world, especially in developing countries. Indonesia is one of the six countries with most cases of ARI in children under five years in the world. There are several factors related to ARI in children under five years including socio-demographic, socio-economic, and environmental factors. DKI Jakarta had several problems that are common in big cities, such as population, employment, and air pollution. Objective: In this study the factors related to the incidence of ARI among children under five years in DKI Jakarta Province in 2019 and 2020, such as maternal age, mother’s level of education, father’s level of education, total of smokers, total of industries, total of vehicle, and quantity of green open space were analysed. Methods: An ecological study design based on region that includes 44 sub-districts in DKI Jakarta Province was used in this study. Results: Statistically significant correlations between incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in children under five years in DKI Jakarta Province, and maternal age (p = 0,011, r = 0,381) in 2019 and 2020, mother’s level of education (p = 0,000, r = -0,385), total of smokers (p = 0,007, r = 0,422) in 2019,quantity of green open space (p = 0,048, r = 0,325) in 2019 were observed in this study. Meanwhile, in signicant correlations between father’s level ofeducation, total of vehicle, and total of industries show insignificant correlation with incidence of ARI among children under five years in DKI Jakarta Province in 2019 and 2020 were showed."

"Rumah Sakit Dharmais terletak di jalan Letjen S Parman Kav.84 - 86 , Slipi Jakarta Barat di bangun diatas tanah milik pemerintah seluas 38.920 m³. Berdasarkan data Poli karyawan rumah sakit kanker dharmais dari bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2012 dari jenis penyakit yang ada ISPA menduduki peringkat pertama disusul diare, dermatitis, gastritis dll. Dari 15 jenis penyakit umum tersebut dengan total kunjungan karyawan 1423 orang menunjukkan adanya kasus kejadian ISPA sebanyak 57,27 % (815 orang), diare 6,60 % (94 orang), dermatitis 5.13 % (73 orang), gastritis 5,55% (79 orang) sisanya penyakit lainnya 18,13 % (258 orang) selama periode tahun 2012. Oleh sebab itu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan konsentrasi kadar debu PM10 dengan gejala ISPA pada karyawan Rumah Sakit. Dalam penelitian ini varibel lain yang kemungkinan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian gejala ISPA diteliti juga diantaranya : umur, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan, kebiasaan beristirahat, kebiasaan merokok, Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Cross Sectional dengan mengambil sampel 105 responden karyawan perkantoran rumah sakit. Analisis data mencakup analisis univariat dan bivariat. Hasil analisis Bivariat menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna/ signifikan antara konsentrasi kadar debu PM10 dengan gejala ISPA (p= 1,000, OR=1,244). Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna/ signifikan antara tingkat pendidikan dengan gejala ISPA (p= 0,012, OR=5,319). Faktor umur, jenis kelamin, kebiasaan kerja, lokasi kerja, kebiasaan merokok, lama bekerja tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian gejala ISPA pada karyawan kantor rumah sakit Kanker Dharmais.

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Dharmais Hospital is located on the road Lt. S Parman Kav.84 - 86, West Jakarta Slipi built on government land area of 38 920 m³. Based on the Poly employees Dharmais Cancer Hospital from January 2012 to March 2012 from an existing respiratory diseases ranked first followed by diarrhea, dermatitis, gastritis, etc.

Of the 15 types of common diseases with a total of 1423 employees visit people showed the incidence of ARI cases as much as 57.27% (815 persons), diarrhea 6.60% (94 people), dermatitis 5:13% (73 people), gastritis 5.55% (79 people) other diseases remaining 18.13% (258 persons) during the period of 2012. Therefore conducted a study to look at the relationship of PM10 dust concentration with ARI symptoms in hospital employees.

In this research, other variables that may affect the incidence of respiratory symptoms studied also include: age, gender, education level, resting habits, smoking habits, research conducted by the method of Cross Sectional by taking a sample of 105 respondents employees of the hospital office. Data analysis included univariate and bivariate analysis.

Bivariate analysis results showed that there was no significant relationship / significant correlation between concentrations of PM10 dust levels with respiratory symptoms (p = 1.000, OR = 1.244). There is a significant relationship / significant relationship between level of education with symptoms of respiratory infection (p = 0.012, OR = 5.319). Factors age, sex, work habits, work location, smoking habits, the old work did not have a significant association with the incidence of respiratory symptoms in office workers Dharmais Cancer Hospital."

"[ABSTRAKKeluarga Bapak S yang beranggotakan Ibu W, An. M, An. F, dan An. P berisikomengalami ISPA berulang. Ada beberapa faktor penyebab ISPA antara lainrendahnya status nutrisi, kebersihan lingkungan, dan polusi udara. Status giziAnak P tergolong dalam gizi kurang sehingga sistem kekebalan tubuh An. P tidakdapat bekerja secara maksimal. Tujuan dari asuhan keperawatan adalah mencegahterjadinya ISPA berulang pada keluarga bapak S. Intervensi yang dilakukan olehperawat adalah peningkatan asupan nutrisi seimbang sebagai penguatan upayapencegahan ISPA pada keluarga Bapak S. Tindakan yang dilakukan berupamodifikasi penyajian makanan dan pembuatan jadwal makan dengan penerapanreinforcement positive. Hasil yang didapatkan ialah tidak terjadi ISPA pada An. Pselama 7 minggu kunjungan.

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ABSTRACTMr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn't work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.;Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn?t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.;Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn?t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit., Mr. S family is consisting of Mrs. W, Children M, F, and P have a risk forrecurrent ARI. There are some factors that cause ARI such us poor nutritionalstatus, environmental cleanliness, and air pollution. P nutritional status classifiedas malnutrition so the immune system doesn’t work optimally. The purpose ofnursing care is preventing recurrent ARI in Mr. S family. Nursing interventionthat was given to the client is increasing balanced nutrition intake as strengtheningeffort to prevent ARI in Mr. S family. Actions taken in the form of a modifiyingpresentation of the food and creating feeding schedule using positivereinforcement. The result is ARI never happened to P during 7 weeks ofintervention visit.]"

"Pendahuluan: Masalah kesehatan respirasi merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi di dunia. Penyebabnya erat kaitannya dengan perilaku merokok. Selain itu, tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku serta lingkungan juga berperan serta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan prevalensi masalah kesehatan respirasi pada penghuni rumah susun di Jakarta.Metode: Desain penelitian yang dipilih ialah cross-sectional. Data diperoleh dengan mengisi kuesioner yang ditanyakan melalui wawancara. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2012 dengan melibatkan 120 responden. Data yang dikumpulkan akan diuji dengan chi-square dan fisher untuk melihat nilai probabilitas (p).Hasil: Sebanyak 36% responden pernah mengalami masalah kesehatan respirasi dan 64% lainnya menunjukkan status kesehatan respirasi yang baik. Tingkat pengetahuan responden didapatkan 40,8% dengan pengetahuan di bawah rata-rata dan 59,2% dengan pengetahuan di atas rata-rata. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan status kesehatan respirasi (p=0,879).Kesimpulan: Prevalensi masalah kesehatan respirasi pada penghuni rumah susun di Jakarta ialah 36% Tingkat pengetahuan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan masalah kesehatan respirasi.

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Introduction: Respiratory health problems is one of the health problems with a high prevalence in the world. The cause is closely associated with smoking behavior. In addition, knowledge level, attitude, behavior and environment also have a role as well. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge level with the prevalence of respiratory health problems in flats occupants in Jakarta.Method: The selected research design is cross-sectional. Data obtained by filling out a questionnaire that asked through interview. Data collected was performed in August 2012, involving 120 respondents. The data collected will be tested with chi-square and fisher to see the value of the probability (p).Result: About 36% of respondents had experienced respiratory health problems while 64% showed good respiratory health status. The knowledge level of the respondents earned showed about 40.8% of respondents with knowledge level below average and 59.2% above average. There is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge with the respiratory health status (p=0.879).Conlusion: Prevalence of respiratory health problems in flats occupants in Jakarta is about 36%. Knowledge level is not contributing for the prevalence of respiratory health problems."

"Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan yang menempati urutan sepuluh besar penyakit di Puskesmas Plus Kecamatan Sape. Petani di Kecamatan Sape selalu menanam padi setiap tahunnya, sehingga terdapat banyak penggilingan padi pada daerah tersebut. Adanya penggilingan padi berpotensi sebagai penyebab ISPA karena paparan debu gabah hasil proses penggilingan. Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross-sectional untuk mengetahui hubungan antara karakteristik individu,karakteristik rumah, dan karakteristik tempat kerja dengan kejadian ISPA. Analisis yang digunakan adalah univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Jumlah pekerja yang mengalami ISPA adalah 52 orang (53,1%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel kelembaban rumah berhubungan signifikan dengan kejadian ISPA dan merupakan variabel dominan dengan nilai p=0,01 (OR=7,00). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik pekerja dan lingkungan tempat kerja dengan kejadian ISPA.

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The incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the health problems that rank in the top ten diseases at the Puskesmas Plus, Sape District. Farmers in Sape District always plant rice every year, so there are many rice mills in the area. The presence of rice milling has the potential to cause ARI due to exposure to grain dust from the milling process. The study design used was cross-sectional to determine the relationship between individual characteristics, home characteristics, and workplace characteristics with the incidence of ARI. The used analyses are univariate, bivariate, and multivariate. The number of workers experiencing ARI is 52 people (53.1%). The results showed that the house humidity variable was significantly related to the incidence of ARI and was the dominant variable with p = 0,01 (OR = 7,00). There is no relationship between the characteristics of workers and the workplace environment with the incidence of ARI."

"Kondisi kamar asrama pesantren dapat memicu timbulnya berbagai penyebab penyakit ISPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor lingkungan dan perilaku yang berhubungan dengan gejala penyakit ISPA pada santri di Yayasan Tunas Mulia Bantar Gebang dan Rumah Tahfidz Siti Aminah yang berlokasi di Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 90 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 64,4% santri di Yayasan Tunas Mulia dan Rumah Tahfidz Siti Aminah mengalami gejalaISPA, kepadatan hunian seluruh kamar dalam keadaan tidak memenuhi syarat, dan mayoritas santri telah menerapkan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat dalam pencegahan ISPA dengan baik. Secara statistik, ditemukan adanya hubungan bermakna antara variabel tingkat kelembaban (p=0,034), olahraga teratur (p=0,0001), kebiasaan membuka jendela (p=0,002), dan kepadatan hunian (p=0,000) dengan gejala ISPA. Sedangkan pada variabel mencuci tangan dengan air dan sabun, perilaku batuk, dan luas ventilasi tidak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan risiko gejala ISPA. Pondok pesantren dapat membuat acara penyuluhan kesehatan bagi masyarakat pesantren mengenai penyebeb, faktor risiko, gejala, dan cara mencegah terjadinya ISPA serta melakukan penataan kembali pada pembagian kamar santri agar menghindari tingginya angka kepadatan hunian dan mendorong pengembangan program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS).

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The condition of Islamic boarding school dormitories can trigger the emergence of various causes of ISPA. This study aims to analyze environmental and behavioral factors associated with symptoms of ARI in students at the Tunas Mulia Bantar Gebang Foundation and Tahfidz Siti Aminah House located in West Java Province using a cross sectional study design. The research sample consisted of 90. The results showed that as many as 64.4% of students at the Tunas Mulia Foundation and Tahfidz Siti Aminah House experienced symptoms of ARI, the occupancy density of all rooms was in a state that did not meet the requirements, and the majority of students had implemented clean and healthy living behaviors in preventing ISPA well. Statistically, a significant relationship was found between the variable humidity level (p=0.034), regular exercise (p=0.0001), the habit of opening windows (p=0.002), and occupancy density (p=0.000) with symptoms of ARI. Meanwhile, the variable washing hands with soap and water, coughing behavior, and ventilation area did not have a significant relationship with the risk of ARI symptoms. Islamic boarding schools can hold health education events for the Islamic boarding school community regarding the causes, risk factors, symptoms, and ways to prevent ISPA and rearrange the distribution of student rooms to avoid high occupancy rates and encourage the development of a Clean and Healthy Behavior program."

"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom (SARS) merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan demam, diikuti oleh gejala symtomatis seperti batuk, nafas pendek atu kesulitan bernafas. Coronavirus jenis baru dipercaya sebagai penyebab penyebaran SARS. Virus ini menyebar melalui Close contact , Airborne dan Droplet/Body fluids penderita atau adanya riwayat perjalanan dari daerah yang tercatat oleh WHO sebagai daerah terjangkit SARS. Tidak hanya warga biasa yang tertular, tenaga medis yang merawatnya pun tak bisa terhindar. Sejumlah dokter dan perawat telah banyak yang terinfeksi dan ada yang meninggal, mereka tertular Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) setelah menyelamatkan pasien.Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi (RSPI) Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta merupakan Pusat Rujukan Nasional Penyakit Infeksi dan Penyakit Menular ditunjuk sebagai rumah sakit rujukan utama untuk mengatasi para pasien yang mungkin tertular atau terinfeksi SARS. Perlindungan pemajanan SARS bagi pekerja kesehatan di RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso dari transmisi melalui Close contact, Airborne dan Bodi. fluids Droplet pada upaya preventif sudah cukup baik, narnun pada upaya kuratif dan rehabilitatif perhatian terhadap pekerja kesehatan masih belurn maksimal.Daftar bacaan : 15 (1988-2003)

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Analysis Protecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Exposure for Health Care Workers of Infection Diseases Hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta 2003Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is an illness that causes fever, followed by symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. A novel coronavirus is believed to be responsible for the global epidemic of SARS. This virus appears to spread by close contact, airborne and droplet or body fluids with a person who has SARS, or have been travel history from region transmitted SARS. Many people was infected SARS including health care workers who cared for. The numbers physician and nurses was infected after cared for patients with SARS.

Infection Diseases Hospital Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso Jakarta is national centre reference hospital for cared patients with SARS. Protecting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Exposure for Health Care Workers preventive is adequate, but for curative and rehabilitative not adequate."

"Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan penyakit yang masih sering ditemukan dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Kasus ISPA terus meningkat dari 7,2 juta kasus pada tahun 2007 hingga lebih dari 18,79 juta kasus pada akhir tahun 2011. PM10 adalah salah satu penyebab gangguan ISPA. Partikel ini merupakan salah satu zat pencemar di udara yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan bermotor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pajanan debu PM10 dengan kejadian ISPA pada petugas dan pedagang kios terminal, serta karakteristik individu dan faktor iklim di Terminal Kampung Rambutan. Disain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengukuran PM10 secara langsung di 5 titik dengan menggunakan alat Haz Dust EPAM 5000 serta wawancara dengan kuesioner terkait ISPA. Hasil analisis t-test menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara PM10 dengan kejadian ISPA di Terminal Kampung Rambutan dengan p=0,000. Kebijakan yang mengikat mengenai pengaturan mobilitas kendaraan serta penghijauan masih perlu ditegakkan di Terminal Kampung Rambutan.

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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is a disease that is often found in people's lives. ARI continued to increase from 7.2 million cases in 2007 to more than 18.79 million cases by the end of 2011. PM10 is one of the causes of respiratory disorders. This particle is one of the contaminants in the air that produced by motor vehicles.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of PM10 for workers, as well as individual characteristics and climatic factors in Kampung Rambutan Terminal. The design of study is cross-sectional. Data collection was done by direct measurement of PM10 in 5 points using the tool Haz Dust EPAM 5000 and interview with questionnaires related ARI.

Analysis of t-test indicate that there is a significant relationship between PM10 and ARI incidence in Kampung Rambutan Terminal with p = 0.000. Policies about greening and mobility vehicles still need to be enforced in Kampung Rambutan Terminal."

"Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) adalah salah satu penyebab kematian pada anak di negara berkembang. Anak-anak adalah salah satu dari kelompok yang paling berisiko. Selama dua tahun terakhir, ISPA merupakan sepuluh penyakit terbesar di Kecamatan Jatinegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan PM10 dalam udara ruang kelas dengan kejadian ISPA pada siswa SD di Jakarta dengan desain studi cross sectional. Jumlah sampel 353 siswa dan 10 SDN di Kecamatan Jatinegara. Variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ISPA pada siswa SD yaitu konsentrasi PM10 dalam ruang kelas, lubang udara di dapur, perilaku merokok dalam rumah, penggunaan obat anti nyamuk bakar, dan anggota keluarga sakit ISPA. Siswa SD dengan konsentrasi PM10 dalam ruang kelas yang tidak memenuhi syarat (>70 μg/m3) berisiko 1,7 kali mengalami ISPA setelah dikontrol oleh variabel lingkungan fisik kelas lainnya. Upaya yang perlu dilakukan diantaranya menjaga kebersihan kelas dan perawatan secara rutin, menanam pohon di halaman sekolah sebagai filter udara, berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, dan membuat ventilasi udara yang cukup agar sirkulasi udara dalam ruang lancar.

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Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of cause of death in children in developing countries. Children have the highest risk in increased dose of PM10 exposure. In last two years, ARI is one of the top ten diseases in Jatinegara. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of PM10 in air in classroom with ARI in the elementary school students in Jakarta. Study design was cross-sectional with 353 students as sample, taken from 10 SDN in Jatinegara area. Variables associated with ARI in elementary school students are PM10 concentrations in classrooms, ventilation in the kitchen, smoking behavior in house, uses of mosquito repellent, and family members with ARI. Students with PM10 concentrations in classrooms which not qualify the standards (> 70 ug/m3) has the risks 1,7 times in causing ARI after the controlled physical environmental class variables. Efforts should be made to prevent ARI include maintaining the class cleanliness and regular maintenance, planting trees in school yard as air filter, clean and healthy life behavior, and make adequate ventilation for air circulation in rooms."