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"The Construction by the Mass Media of the Prison Reality. (Critical Discourse Analysis) About the Reporting of Punishment Reduction of Tommy Soeharto, Bob Hasan and Zarima, Family Meeting of Tommy Soeharto and the Permission to Consult a Doctor of Bob Hasan in The Year 2003The print and electronic media are events flourishing right now. They seem to compete with each other in finding sensational to write about. All the more so, when the objects of the news have value in selling. They are so keen to write the news and didn't want to know whether the news will disturb the subject's rights or not. The subjects of the print media who are the topic of this research are Tommy Soeharto, Bob Hasan, Zanma They became an commodity. Because of the reporting of them , they were violated , so the society have the same negative opinion as the media. The society considered that they were guilty and they were criminals. Who did not deserve to be given rights while living in prison?. It can be seen from the news which was published the media. The media placed them as criminal and they are controversial objects. It's negative attitudes are directed not only to the inmates but also to the prison_ Arrogantly media accused the prison of spoil the inmates. Media also did not want to acknowledge that prisons have the responsibility of giving prisoners their rights inmates' rights either; even their rights are the prison obligation.

Through critical discourse analysis we can discover why and how the media presented the news and the hidden motif behind the texts. Then the criminologist will knew what the media did and ignore the truth of the reality. The media has done the wrong things. The research found that the print media was wrong and the reality which posed was virtual reality and it was because of economic motif. The media spread it stigmatization and hating to get the sympathy of the society, so that the society will behave like the media did. The society both the inmates and the prison. In this case there was an unbalanced battle between the prison and the media If it's still going on, so the media deviates From it's role as a socialization agent The media passes on the deviance to public because of the wrong news.

(5 introduction pages + 6 tables + 198 content pages + 46 references + 18 appendices + 5 internet)."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini memberikan penjelasan dan pemahaman mengenai bagaimana peran media massa dewasa ini dalam kaitannya dengan politik kekuasaan dan hubungan antar negara. Lebih spesifik lagi penelitian ini menyoroti praktik penggunaan gray propaganda melalui media massa. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif dengan paradigma kritis. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough sebagai metode penelitiannya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film Innocence of Muslims yang menghebohkan dunia pada bulan September 2012 termasuk dalam kategori gray propaganda karena memuat berbagai penghinaan dan kebohongan tentang Islam. Penggabungan antara elemen propaganda abu-abu dan banyaknya inkonsistensi yang ditemukan kemudian membangkitkan nuansa politis yang melatarbelakangi pembuatan film tersebut. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah unsur propaganda dalam film Innocence of Muslims adalah suatu kesengajaan yang telah direncanakan secara matang oleh pihak-pihak tertentu

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to explain media use in the 21st century with regards to power politics and international relations. To be specific, the research casts a light on how gray propaganda campaign is being carried through the mass media. This qualitative research uses a critical paradigm. It also employs Norman Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis as its main research strategy. The research shows that the Innocence of Muslims film that created a wave of demonstrations in the Islamic world in September 2012 is part of a gray propaganda campaign to deceive a target. The gray propaganda elements and various inconsistencies found also undoubtedly contributed to a rise in suspicion of the political motive behind the film’s production and release. The research concludes that the propagandic nature of the Innocence of Muslims film was intentional and had been well prepared by an unknown actor."

"Penelitian ini mengritisi peranan media dalam membentuk pemikiran masyarakat mengenai suatu realitas setelah zaman orde baru dan era liberalisasi pers berlangsung. Kecanggihan dan kemajuan teknologi informasi komunikasi pada akhirnya menyuburkan praktik media online di Indonesia yang tidak saja membawa dampak positif namun berbagai dampak negatif lainnya yang menarik untuk dikaji.Kebebasan pers yang lahir di masa reformasi ini membawa berbagai perubahan, seperti: konglomerasi media dan pemusatan kekuasaan. Akhirnya media melakukan berbagai cara, salah satunya mengubah nilai guna menjadi nilai tukar (komodifikasi) di dalam pemberitaannya.Analisis ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Analisis Wacana Kritis Wodak yang mengkaji beberapa level penelitian dengan unit observasinya portal berita www.liputan6.com dan pemberitaan mengenai FPI menjadi unit analisisnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ada komodifikasi dalam pemberitaan mengenai FPI di media online. Komodifikasi ini diperkuat dengan berbagai faktor lain dalam organisasi media. Praktik ekonomi politik pada media online ikut memberikan sumbangsih dalam perpecahan dan pertikaian antarkelompok di dalam masyarakat.This study criticized the role of media in shaping public opinion and thinking about a reality after Orde Baru and liberalization era took place authoritatively. The sophistication and advancement of information communication technology bring our mass media system from conventional to new media model. The practice of online media in Indonesia not only give positive impact but also various other negative that becomes important to be studied.

Freedom of the press brought many vital changes, such as: conglomeration and concentration of power. Finally, media do many ways to survive. One of their efforts is changing the useful values and norms in the news report into something that can give profit for them.

This research was performed using the method of critical discourse analysis of Ruth Wodak. This kind of analysis reviewed several levels of observation units at www.liputan6.com and reporting on the FPI news into the unit analysis. The results show that there are many reality construction and commodification in the news about FPI in the media online. Commodification and this construction are reinforced by various other factors in media organizations."

"Di era globalisasi saat ini media online sudah menjadi media yang tumbuh dengan pesat. Selayaknya media massa konvensional, media online juga memiliki berbagai peran dan fungsi didalam mengkonstruksikan sebuah isu permasalahan, salah satunya isu tentang tokoh agama yang terkait dengan isu negatif seperti kasus pelecehan seksual. Hal ini menjadi penting karena tokoh agama masih di pandang di mata masyarakat Indonesia, terlebih unsur seksual menjadikan sebuah berita memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Kasus yang diambil untuk penelitian adalah kasus pelecehan seksual terkait tokoh agama Habib Hasan Assegaf di Indonesia. Dua media Gatra online dan Republika online turut memberitakan hal ini. Melalui penelitian ini, peneliti ingin mengetahui bagaimana bingkai (frame) yang disajikan Gatra online dan Republika online atas kasus pelecehan seksual tersebut, karena keduanya memiliki ideologi berbeda, dengan menggunakan metode analisis framing model Entmant. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif, dan paradigma konstruktivis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam pembingkaian kasus tersebut, Republika cenderung hati-hati, karena terkait dengan tokoh pemimpin agama Islam, sedangkan Gatra lebih berani mengungkapkan berita tersebut.

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In this globalization era of online media has become a rapidly growing media, the same as conventional media, online media also has a variety of roles and functions within the construction of an issues. One of them the issue of religious leaders associated with negative issues such as sexual harassment cases. This is important because religious leaders are still very important in the eyes of the people of Indonesia, and also sexual elements make a story has a high selling news value. Taken as the case study is the case of alleged sexual harassment by Habib Hasan Assegaf. Two online medias, Gatra online and Republika online, also reported the case.

Through this study, researcher wanted to know how framing is presented, because the two online medias have different ideologies. Framing the analysis using the model Entman. The research was conducted with descriptive qualitative approach, and the constructivist paradigm. The results showed that in framing, the Republika tended to be very careful, because it is associated with prominent religious leaders of Islam, while the more daring Gatra reveal the news."

"Selama kampanye Pemilu 1999 umumnya media massa Indonesia mengkonstruksikan partai politik ibarat grup musik; dan menjadikan para tokohnya sebagai selebritis. Pada masa itu, koran-koran nasional menggambarkan partai politik sebagai alat pengumpul massa. Sementara fungsi parpol sebagai perantara (broker) dalam suatu bursa ide-ide (clearing house of ideas) dalam kehidupan berdemokrasi tidak terlihat dalam pengkonstruksian tersebut. Menariknya, hal itu terjadi dalam kondisi dimana setiap media memiliki motivasi yang berbeda-beda, entah itu ideologis, idealis, politis, ataupun ekonomis, dalam membuat berita politik.

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During the 1999-campaign period generally the mass media in Indonesia constructed political parties like a music group; and present the politicians acts as celebrities. At that time, national newspapers describe political parties as the instrument to harvested masses. Meanwhile the political party functions, as broker within the clearinghouse of ideas in the democratic lives didn?t appear within the political party?s discourse. In spite of the media have different interests one each other in news making the political parties, such as ideological, idealism, political, and economic or market factors."

"[ABSTRAKSetelah pemerintahan Orde Baru tumbang pemberitaan mengenai otonomi daerah mekarbermunculan, media massa yang pada zaman Orde Baru jarang memberitakan mengenai isuotonomi daerah berubah haluan menjadi gadrung memberitakan isu otonomi daerah, berbagaiberita bermunculan ada yang positif dan ada yang negatif, bermacam pertarungan wacanamewarnai isu otonomi daerah di media massa.Penelitian ini bermula dari rasa ingin tahu yang mendalam mengenai berbagai beritatentang isu otonomi daerah yang muncul di media massa dan bagaimana media massamelakukan konstruksi realitas terhadap isu otonomi daerah , selama ini penelitian mengenai isuotonomi daerah banyak dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan yang berlatar belakang ilmu politik, ilmupemerintahan, ilmu administrasi negara, dan ilmu hukum, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh parailmuwan di atas lebih banyak bicara mengenai penerapan kebijakan otonomi daerah. Penelitianmengenai isu otonomi daerah menggunakan perspektif ilmu komunikasi masih jarang bahkanbisa dibilang langka, padahal peran media massa menurut Severin-Tankard (2007:15), adalahmembentuk opini publik. Para penganut mazhab konstruksionisme seperti Tuchman (1978),Fisman (1980), dan Shoemaker (1996), melihat bahwa berita yang disiarkan oleh media massadapat membuat masyarakat mempunyai suatu sudut pandang dan mengkonstruksikan suaturealitas suatu isu dalam masyarakat tak terkecuali isu otonomi daerah.Penelitian dalam disertasi ini menggunakan perspektif interpretif. Perspektif ini dipilihkarena menurut Neuman (2006) teori konstruksi sosial merupakan ranah dalam perspektifinterpretif, untuk membedah teks dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisa teks framing,model yang digunakan adalah framing Robert N Entman. Framing model Entman dipilih karenadalam konsep Entman framing dapat dipakai untuk menggambarkan proses seleksi suatu isu,serta menonjolkan beberapa aspek tertentu dari suatu realitas oleh media. Empat elemenframing model Entman adalah pertama Define Problem merupakan bingkai utama atau masterframe, kedua Diagnose Causes dalam elemen kedua ini yang menjadi titik berat adalah siapaaktor utama dalam suatu kejadian atau peristiwa, ketiga Make Moral Judgement adalah elemenyang digunakan untuk melakukan pembenaran dengan memberikan berbagai argumentasi padapedefinisian masalah yang sudah dibuat, empat Treatment Recommendation adalah elemen yang digunakan untuk melihat apa yang sebenarnya dikehendaki oleh wartawan, bagaimana cara yangakan dipilih untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah.Dalam disertasi ini ada 3 media yang diteliti yaitu harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional,harian Kedaulatan Rakyat. Dipilihlah tiga surat kabar dengan orientasi yang berbeda, yaitupertama surat kabar Kompas sebagai surat kabar harian terkemuka nasional dengan tiras yangbesar, kedua surat kabar Jurnal Nasional sebagai surat kabar yang mempunyai kedekatan sejarahdengan Partai Demokrat, ketiga surat kabar Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai surat kabar daerah yangmasih survive dan masih leading sampai saat ini.Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dalam level mikro yaitu ada perbedaan framepemberitaan harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mengenaiIsu Otonomi Daerah. Pada analisis pada level meso media terlihat faktor kepemilikan dan modalmasih cukup kuat dalam mempengaruhi frame media yang diteliti.Analisis level makro dapat dibagi menjadi dua. Pada harian Jurnal Nasional analisa yanglebih tepat adalah menggunakan pendekatan analisis instrumentalis atau strukturalis daripadastrukturasi karena pada harian Jurnal Nasional struktur organisasi media terlihat mengikat erathuman agent. Tidak terlalu cukup ruang bagi agen melakukan interplay terhadap struktur. Lainhalnya dengan harian Kompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, yang dapat dibedah dengananalisis strukturasi.Dalam proses strukturasi dari tiga media yang diteliti, terlihat dua media yaitu harianKompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mampu merubah struktur dari sentralistik kedesentralistik untuk isu Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung dan Keistimewaan Yogyakarta,meskipun harus diakui bahwa media bukan satu-satunya faktor yang diterminan dalamperubahan struktur tersebut. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa isi dari teks media dalam duaisu tersebut memberikan kontribusi kepada eskalasi tekanan atau adanya akumulasi-akumulasitekanan terhadap penguasa;

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ABSTRACTAfter the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority;After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority, After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reportedthe issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle ofdiscourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in massmedia and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from politicalscience, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchersfrom the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies onregional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role ofmass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view andconstruct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective wasselected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretiveperspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert NEntman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framingcan be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of areality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problemwhich is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is whois the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to makejustification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have beenmade, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, whatmethod will be chosen to solve a problem.In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, JurnalNasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected havedifferent orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, thirdKedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in thereporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong ininfluencing the frames of the studied media.Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurateanalysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration becausein Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompasand Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and KedaulatanRakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct RegionalHead Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that themedia isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable thatthe content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure oraccumulation of pressure on the authority]"

"Penelitian ini mencoba mengungkap konstruksi media pada isu-isu yang melatar belakangi pemasalahan sosial pada kasus dampak semburan lumpur di Sidoarjo dalam pola hubungan media, masyarakat (civil society), negara (state), dan pasar (market), dengan segala subjektifitasnya dalam mendefinisikan realita sosial menjadi realitas media dimana didalamnya melibatkan komunikasi politik, dan aktor-aktor sosiai termasuk politik media dalam menseleksi sebuah isu atau peristiwa, yang dengan penilaian tertentu yang boleh jadi hal itu dipengaruhi oleh kepentingan idealis, ideoiogi, politis dan ekonomis owner-market, sehingga dipandang memenuhi keriteria layak dimuat atau tidak layak muat. Atau bisa jadi konstruksi-konstruksi pemberitaan ini juga pengaruh dari Issues Management yang dibuat aktor-aktor sosial, karana semua memiliki kepentingan dalam penyelesaian masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dangan paradigma konstruktif. Dengan unit analisis seluruh isi berita yang melatar belakangi permasalahan sosial akibat semburan lumpur di Sidoarjo pada surat kabar Kompas, Media Indonesia dan Koran Tempo (periode Juni 2006 hingga Mei 2007). Data penelitian diperoleh dari klipping koran; wawancara pada profesional surat kaban studi Iiteratur dalam rangka memberikan konteks terhadap temuan dalam penelitian. Alasan pemilihan media yang diteliti adalah: koran terbitan pagi; distribusinya nasional area; jenis koran umum; latar belakang kepemilikan dan profesional di sural kabar hubungannya dengan ideologi yang berpengaruh pada visi-misi yang diemban media tersebut. Hal ini berkailan dengan proses produksi berita pola Pamela J. Shoemaker dan Stephen Reese (1996) tentang lima faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi berita yakni: ideological level, extra media level, organizational level, media routine level dan individual level. Dalam penelitian ditemukan adanya beberapa kategori isu yang diangkat secara berulang-ulang oleh media dan mendapat porsi terbanyak dari setiap pemberitaan pada kasus lumpur Sidoarjo, sehingga secara signifikan isu-isu tersebutlah melatar belakangi perrnasalahan sosial adapun isu-isu tersebut adalah pada permasalahan; kopensasi, pengungsi/pengungsian, hukum dan lingkungan. Peneliti juga menemukan adanya ketidak konsistenan media dalam konteks ideologi yang di emban media tersebut dalam membentuk realitas sosial. Terbukti dari media yang diteliti, hampir semua mengangkat topik yang sama pada peristiwa yang sama. Sedikit perbedaan terungkap hanya pada lead berita, nara sumber yang dikutip dan peletakan halaman berita pada isu-isu yang melatar belakangi permasalahan sosial tadi. Hal tersebut juga yang membedakan dalam pengkonstruksian media sebagai realitas sosial, termasuk sikap media lerhadap kasus tersebut yang tertuang dalam editorial dan artikel opini. Saran akademis sebagai tindak Ianjut penelitian ini adalah dirasakan metode kualitatif belum mampu menjelaskan perbedaan pengkonstruksian satu media dengan lainnya terhadap suatu obyek, untuk itu diperlukan metode kualitatif untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang lebih luas, yang dalam penelitian ini peneliti mencoba sedikit menggunakan data kuanitatif untuk melengkapi analisis kualitatif untuk melihat perbedaan pengkonstruksian masing-masing media. Keterbatasan penelitian antara lain, kasus ini masih terus berjalan hingga penulisan ini, dimasa yang akan datang bisa jadi isu yang dilemukan dalam penelitian akan tidak sama. Disisi lain untuk narasumber dari media hanya didapat dari pekerja media (redaktur). Sehingga tidak dapat mengungkap secara langsung pandangan dan keterlibatan pemilik media sebagai regulator."

"Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan "Pembentukan Persepsi Mengenai Realitas Sosial oleh Media Massa" Asumsi dasar dari pendekatan ini ialah bahwa media massa memiliki peranan yang sangat besar dalam mempengaruhi khalayaknya. Namun demikian pembentukan persepsi itu tidak semata mata disebabkan oleh terpaan media massa Pengalaman seseorang dengan suatu realitas sosial, serta aktivitas komunikasi interpersonal tentang realitas dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, bisa membentuk persepsi pada realitas tersebut. Bertitik tolak dari kondisi di atas, dalam penelitian ini ketiga variabel di atas akan dianalisis dalam kaitan dengan pembentukan persepsi pada realitas sosial. Variabel penggunaan media dikembangkan denngan memasukkan beberapa indikator seperti eksposur berita kriminalitas surat kabar non Pos Kota, eksposur berita kriminalitas Pos Kota, eksposur berita kriminalitas televisi dan majalah. Adapun 'realitas sosial" yang menjadi perhatian dalam penelitian ini ialah "realitas kriminalitas" dengan indikatornya yaitu pencurian, pencopetan, perampokan/pornografi, dan pembunuhan. Pembentukan persepsi diukur dengan menggunakan dua indikator yaitu rawan dan tidak rawan. Sedangkan lokasi penelitian dipilih dua kelurahan di wilayah Jakarta Pusat yang memiliki tingkat kriminalitas tinggi dan rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan persepsi itu dipengaruhi oleh eksposur terhadap berita kriminalitas pada surat kabar yang memiliki isi spesifik tentang kriminalitas seperti Pos Kota dan daerah tempat tinggal khalayak. Hal mi terlihat pada khalayak yang membaca berita kriminal Pos Kota dan tinggal di wilayah yang tingkat kriminalitasnya rendah, pembentukan persepsi mereka berhubungan dengan membaca Pos Kota tersebut. Sedangkan bagi khalayak yang tinggal di wilayah tingkat kriminalitas tinggi, pembentukan persepsi mereka tidak berhubungan dengan media tersebut, meskipun khalayak ini iuga membaca berita kriminalitas dari surat kabar Pos Kota."

"Penelitian ini menempatkan media massa sebagai ruang kontestasi. Untuk itu kemudian wacana yang tersaji adalah representasi dari kekuatan yang dominan. Penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana keterkaitan hegemoni ideologi demokrasiliberal Amerika terhadap pembentukan wacana war on terror di media massa tanah air. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan paradigma kritis dan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan teori ekonomi politik kritis konstruktivis serta menggunakan strategi penelitian Analisis Wacana Kritis. Dengan Analisis Wacana Kritis penelitian kemudian dilakukan di tiga level yaitu pada level mikro yaitu teks dengan menganalisis teks berita, pada level meso yaitu praktik diskursus dengan data wawancara terhadap dua wartawan desk internasional, dan pada level makro yaitu praktik sosiokultural. Untuk memenuhi kriteria kualitas penelitian kritis dilakukan juga analisis historical situatedness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterkaitan antara hegemoni ideologi demokrasi-liberal Amerika Serikat yang dibangun oleh proses sejarah dengan wacana 'War On Terror' yang tersaji kepada publik dalam ruang-ruang media massa.

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This research observed mass media as a contested terrain. In such context, the discourse represented through news in mass media was perceived as representing the dominant power. This research analyzed how US liberal-democracy ideology hegemony was taken part into the war on terror discourse propagation throughout Indonesian national mass media. This research applies critical paradigm and qualitative approach with constructivist critical political economy theory and critical discourse analysis strategy. Through conducting critical discourse analysis, this research focuses on three level of analyses: (1) at the micro level, by doing news text analysis, (2) at the meso level, by doing discourse analysis through administering interviews with two journalists in international desk, and (3) at the macro level, by doing socio-cultural practice analysis. To ensure the critical research quality, historical situatedness analysis was undertaken, as well. The result of this research revealed that there is a relation between the US democracy-liberal ideology hegemony that is continuously constructed through historical process with the 'War On Terror' discourse disseminated to the public and represented in mass media."

"Di Era Reformasi kini, ketika pers menikmati kebebasan hampir tanpa batas, media massa telah merusak integrasi NKRI. Betulkah? Media massa adalah komponen strategis bangsa, karena itu pemilik/pemimpin media massa dan wartawan perlu di "litsus". Perlukah? ...."