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"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemberian zinc (Zn) per oral dan aktivitas 'alkaline phosphatase' (ALP) dalam `gingival crevicular fluid' (GCF) saat pasca 'flap operation' (FO) guna mendapatkan data dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka bedah. Kepada 12 pria dewasa diberikan ZnSO4 220 mg 3 x 1 sehari selama 14 hari. F0 dilakukan pada hari ke 5. Pemeriksaan 'papillary bleeding index' (PBI), kedalaman poket periodontal, kegoyangan gigi, produksi GCF, konsentrasi protein dalam GCF, aktivitas ALP dalam GCF, konsentrasi Zn plasma, dilakukan pada hari ke 5, 12, 19, dan 26. Kesehatan dan status grzi subyek diperiksa dengan meneliti konsentrasi kreatinin serum serta melakukan '3 days recall dietary survey'. Sebagai kontrol adalah 11 pria dewasa yang diberi 'saceharum lactis' 50 mg dan perlakuan yang sama. Ternyata pemberian Zn tersebut sudah berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas ALP GCF sejak hari ke 5 dan aktivitas ini menurun terus mengikuti waktu penelitian.

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ABSTRACT

The Relationship Between Zinc Preparation Given Per Oral and Post Periodontal Surgical Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in the Gingival Crevicular FluidThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between zinc preparation given per oral and post flap operation alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid, (GCF). This study investigated the zinc effect on periodontal surgical healing process. 12 men taken 220 mg ZnSO4 3 times a day for 14 days. The FO performed at day 5. The assessment of papillary bleeding index (PBI), periodontal pocket depth, tooth mobility, GCF production, protein concentration in the GCF, ALP activity in the GCF, plasma Zn concentration were performed at day 5, 12, 19, 26. The subject health and nutritional status were studied by assessing the serum creatinine concentration and performed the 3 days recall dietary survey. As the control group there was 11 men given 50 mg saccharum lactis and the same treatments. The effect of Zn given on GCF ALP activity has been seen on day 5 and this activity continued to decrease along the investigation time."

"[ABSTRAKLatarbelakang: Perubahan akibat menua yang terjadi pada gigi dan jaringan sekitarnya dapat mempengaruh ikualitas hidup seseorang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulu tdengan kualitas hidup lansia menggunakan alat ukur Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) dan Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Di Indonesia, masih banyak daerah yang tidak terjangkau dokter gigi, sehingga diperlukan alat ukur yang dapat digunakan oleh tenaga kesehatan selain dokter gigi dan kader. Tujuan: Uji kesepakatan antar rater, validasi dan reliabilitas OHAT dan GOHAI, menganalisis hubungan kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup serta mengetahui faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup lansia. Metode: Potong Lintang. Pencatatan data sosiodemografis dan pemeriksaan intraoral. Wawancara untuk pengisian kuesioner kualitas hidup lansia. Hasil: Penilaian antar rater dengan uji Kappa menunjukkan konsistensi yang cukup baik. Alat ukur kualitas hidup valid dan reliabel. Padauji chi-square, tidak terdapat hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulut dankualitas hidup. Kesehatan gigi mulut berhubungan bermaknadengan jenis kelamin (p=0.026) dan pendidikan (p=0.015). Kualitas hidup berhubungan bermakna dengan tingkat ekonomi (p=0.01). Kesimpulan: Alat ukur Oral Health Assessment Tool dan Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index dapat digunakan di Indonesia. Tidak ada hubungan antara status kesehatan gigi mulut dan kualitas hidup lansia di Indonesia. Jenis kelamin merupakan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kualitas hidup lansia.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.;Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders., Background: Alterations on oral tissue due to aging may affect one's quality of life (QoL). This study is to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) and Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). In Indonesia, many region are inaccessible by dentist, ergo an assessment tool that could be exercised by health care professionals other than dentist and caregiver is required. Objective: To analyze the inter-rater agreement, to validate the reliability of OHAT & GOHAI, to analyze the association between oral health status and QoL of the elders, and to explore the key factor. Methodology: Cross-sectional. Sociodemographic data were obtained, intraoral examination and interview for QoL questionnaire were conducted. Result: Kappa test result showed a substantial aggrement and QoL assessment tool was reported to be valid and reliable. Chi-square test result indicated that there was no significant relation between oral health status and QOL. However, significant relation was found between oral health status and sex (p = 0.026) and education (p = 0.015). Significant relation was also found between QoL and economy status (p = 0.01). Conclusion: OHAT and GOHAI were applicable in Indonesia. There were no association between oral health status and QOL of the elders in Indonesia. Sex is the key factor in determining QoL of the elders.]"

"Rongga mulut merupakan salah satu bagian tubuh yang cukup unik sehubungan dengan kesehatan penderita, oleh karena rongga mulut merupakan pintu pertama masuknya bahan-bahan kebutuhan untuk pertumbuhan,individu yang sempurna serta kesehatan yang optimal.Sebagaimana kita ketahui rongga mulut dapat mengalami bermacammacam kelainan yang merupakan problema yang belum dapat diatasi sepenuhnya. Sebagai contoh misalnya karies gigi, penyakit jaringan penyangga gigi / periodontal dan penyakit mukosa mulut sampai saat ini belum diketahui etiologinya secara tepat. Kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut sangat kompleks, dimana kemungkinan iritasi mekanik, fisik dan kimiawi serta banyaknya macam mikroorganisme dan susunan saliva dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan kondisi lingkungan rongga mulut dan memungkinkan terjadinya suatu penyakit.Penyakit yang terjadi didalam mulut khususnya mukosa mulut dapat memberikan keluhan atau tanpa keluhan bisa berupa kelainan jinak dan keganasan. Bilamana penyakit jaringan lunak rongga mulut tidak memberikan gejala rasa sakit umumnya pasien tidak datang berobat, padahal kemungkinan besar lesi yang tidak memberikan keluhan itu merupakan tanda awal dari suatu keganasan atau tanda awal dari penyakit sistemik yang berbahaya, sehingga seringkali pasien dengan lesi-lesi semacam itu barn datang ke klinik Oral Medicine sudah dalam keadaan sakit berat atau stadium terminal. Keadaan ini akan memperburuk prognosa penyakitnya karena mulut yang sakit akan terganggu fungsinya sehingga pemasukan makanan akan menurun dengan akibat defisiensi nutrisi.Sebelum uraian lebih lanjut tentang penyakit mulut akan saya utarakan terlebih dulu pengertian tentang Oral Medicine, ruang lingkup serta sejarah perkembangannya.Oral Medicine adalah cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang berkompeten khusus dalam mengelola kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh meliputi diagnosa dan perawatan yang bersifat non bedah pada kelainan primer maupun sekunder di rongga mulut dan sekitarnya (Mazzeo & Chasens 1975). Secara luas Oral Medicine dapat diartikan sebagai salah satu aspek Kedokteran Gigi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara mulut dengan bagian tubuh yang lain, baik dalam keadaan sehat maupun sakit atau diformulasikan sebagai suatu kemampuan khusus dalam praktek Dokter Gigi serta kaitannya dengan pengelolaan kesehatan pasien secara menyeluruh.Ruang lingkup Oral Medicine tidak terbatas pada penyakit mulut yang primer atau lokal saja melainkan juga mengelola pasien-pasien dengan manifestasi oral penyakit sistemik. Oleh karenanya Dokter Gigi berkewajiban mengetahui latar belakang penyakit setiap pasien sebelum memulai perawatan gigi. Perawatan gigi mulut bisa gagal bila klinisi tidak tanggap akan keadaan pasien yang sedang dalam status pengawasan medik untuk penyakit sistemiknya. Atau bahkan terjadi resiko yang fatal atau timbul penyakit lain sebagai akibat tindakan perawatan Dokter Gigi.Oral Medicine sampai saat ini masih merupakan salah satu bidang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi yang belum banyak dikenal baik oleh tenaga kesehatan maupun masyarakat umumnya karena cabang ilmu tersebut relatif masih muda dibandingkan dengan cabang ilmu Kedokteran Gigi lainnya. Masih banyak pendapat yang beranggapan bahwa tugas dan tanggung jawab Dokter Gigi terbatas pada penanganan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan gigi saja sehingga pasien dengan lesi pada mukosa mulut tidak datang ke Dokter Gigi tetapi meminta pertolongan dokter Umum."

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Pada kesempatan yang berbahagia ini saya akan mengemukakan pandangan mengenai peranan pelayanan kesehatan gigi anak dalam menunjang peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia di masa mendatang dalam menyongsong abad ke 21 yang penuh tantangan dan saingan. Pembangunan di bidang kesehatan bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat agar tingkat kesehatan masyarakat menjadi lebih baik. Pembangunan di, bidang kesehatan gigi adalah bagian integral pembangunan kesehatan nasional. Ini berarti bahwa untuk melaksanakan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan, pembangunan di bidang kesehatan gigi tidak boleh ditinggalkan; juga sebaliknya bila ingin melaksanakan pembangunan di bidang kesehatan gigi, tidak boleh, melupakan kerangka. yang lebih luas, yaitu pembangunan di bidang kesehatan umumnya.

Di bidang kesehatan gigi indikator untuk penelitian epidemiologis sangat penting artinya bagi perencanaan pengembangan ketenagaan, material, dan penganggaran. Selain itu data penelitian epidemiologis juga diperlukan untuk pengembangan, evaluasi, dan pemantapan usaha pencegahan, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif di bidang kesehatan gigi baik regional maupun nasional. Peta dunia tentang distribusi kerusakan gigi (biasa disebut karies) menunjukkan perbedaan prevalensi dari tahun ke tahun pada beberapa negara. Terjadi penurunan frekuensi dari DMF-T (indeks kerusakan gigi dewasa) di negara maju, tetapi terjadi kenaikan pada negara yang sedang berkembang. Sebagian besar penurunan frekuensi karies gigi disebabkan karena adanya program pemberian fluor secara intensif antara lain melalui,air minum.

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"[ABSTRAKKavitas kelas I sering ditemui pada permukaan gigi molar karena mempunyai bentuk anatomi pit dan fisur yang dalam sehingga sering menyebabkan sisa makanan tertinggal yang nantinya dapat menyebabkan karies gigi. Bahan restorasi yang sesuai untuk penumpatan kavitas kelas I adalah resin komposit. Namun resin komposit memiliki kelemahan yaitu mengalami penyusutan polimerisasi yang menyebabkan kebocoran tepi. Kavitas kelas I juga memiliki c-factor terbesar dibandingkan kavitas lainnya yang dapat menyebabkan kebocoran, sehingga untuk mengatasinya dapat menggunakan liner SIKMR serta teknik Bulk-fill dan inkremental oblik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebocoran tepi restorasi resin komposit teknik Bulk-fill dengan liner dan teknik inkremental dengan liner. Sebanyak 70 sampel dipreparasi dibagian bukal dengan ukuran 3 mm x 3 mm, terdiri dari 10 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill, 30 sampel kelompok Bulk-fill dengan liner SIKMR dan 30 sampel kelompok inkremental oblik. dengan liner SIKMR direndam dalam air destilasi selama 24 jam. Kemudian dilakukan Thermocycling 250x, suhu 5-550C dilanjutkan dengan aplikasi cat kuku dan rendam dalam metilen biru selama 24 jam. Sampel dibelah dalam arah buko-palatal dan dilakukan pengamatan menggunakan mikroskop stereo kemudian hasilnya diuji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna diantara semua kelompok dengan nilai signifikansi p≤0,05. Inkremental oblik dengan liner menunjukkan tingkat kebocoran lebih rendah dibandingkan Bulk-fill dengan liner.

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ABSTRACTCavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner., Abstract: Cavity class I often found on the surface of the molars because they have the anatomical shape of pits and fissures are deep that often cause food scraps left behind which can later lead to dental caries. Restorative material suitable for cavities penumpatan class I is the composite resin. However, a drawback of composite resin namely polymerization shrinkage which causes microleakage. Cavity class I also have a c-factor compared to most other cavity which can cause leaks, so to overcome SIKMR can use the liner as well as bulk-fill technique and incremental oblique. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of composite resin restorations Bulk-fill technique and oblique incremental techniques with liner. A total of 70 samples were prepared on the buccal with the size of 3 mm x 3 mm, consisting of 10 groups of Bulk-fill samples, 30 samples of Bulk-fill groups with liner SIKMR and oblique incremental groups of 30 samples. with liner SIKMR soaked in distilled water for 24 hours. Then do the Thermocycling 250X, 5-550 C temperature followed by application of nail polish and soak in methylene blue for 24 h. Samples were cleaved in buko-palatal direction and made observations using a stereo microscope and the result was tested statistically using Chi-Square. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among all groups with significant value p≤0,05. Incremental oblique with liner show a lower leakage rate than the Bulk-fill with liner.]"

"Latar Belakang: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada seluruh aspek kehidupan manusia, tak terkecuali bidang kedokteran gigi. Pengunaan rotary instrument memungkinkan aerosol atau droplet yang berisi saliva dan darah tersebar di lingkungan praktik gigi dan menjadikan lingkungan praktik dokter gigi berisiko tinggi infeksi COVID-19. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk melakukan pedoman modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik sesuai dengan yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara berbagai faktor sosiodemografi, karakteristik pekerjaan, kecemasan, pengetahuan, dan pengalaman pelatihan dengan modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik dokter gigi pada masa pandemi COVID-19 di DKI Jakarta. Metode: Studi cross-sectional dengan metode purposive sampling menggunakan kuesioner daring kepada 184 dokter gigi di DKI Jakarta pada Oktober hingga Desember 2021. Kuesioner berisi 40 pertanyaan meliputi sosiodemografi, karakteristik pekerjaan, kecemasan, pengetahuan, pengalaman pelatihan, dan modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik dokter gigi. Uji bivariat Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, dan Spearman dilakukan untuk analisis statistik. Hasil: Sebagian dokter gigi (56%) merasa cemas terkait pandemi COVID-19. Lebih dari 95% dokter gigi telah mengetahui dengan benar manfaat penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), kebersihan tangan, serta menghindari tindakan yang menghasilkan droplet dan aerosol. Namun hanya 65-75% responden yang mengetahui disinfeksi dan pemasangan serta pelepasan APD yang tepat. Selain itu, pelatihan mengenai modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik dokter gigi baru diikuti oleh sebagian responden (54.9%). Uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0.05) antara item pengalaman pelatihan dengan modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik. Uji Spearman menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif lemah yang signifikan secara statistik (p<0.05) antara item pengetahuan dengan modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik. Kesimpulan: Secara umum, dokter gigi di DKI Jakarta telah melakukan modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik dengan baik meskipun praktik yang lebih rendah ditemukan pada beberapa komponen, seperti penggunaan rubber dam dan High-Volume Evacuator (HVE) atau saliva ejector bervolume tinggi, serta pemeriksaan COVID-19 kepada pasien sebelum melakukan perawatan gigi. Modifikasi dan penguatan SOP praktik dokter gigi memiliki asosiasi dengan pengalaman pelatihan dan pengetahuan.

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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on all aspects of human life, include dentistry. The use of a rotary instruments allow aerosols or droplets containing saliva and blood to be dispersed in the dental practice environment and make the dental environment at a high risk place for COVID-19 transmission. Therefore, it is important to carry out the practice modification guidelines that have been established. This study aims to determine the relationship between various sociodemographic factors, job characteristics, anxiety, knowledge, and training experience with dental practice modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online using purposive sampling method, including 184 dentists in DKI Jakarta collected from October to December 2021. The questionnaire contains 40 questions covering sociodemography, job characteristics, anxiety, knowledge, training experience, and practice modification of the respondents. Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman Tests were performed for statistical analysis.

Results: Some dentists (56%) feel anxious about the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 95% of dentists are well aware of the benefits of using Personal Protective Equipment, hand hygiene, and avoiding procedures that generate droplets and aerosols. However, only 65-75% of respondents are aware of workplace disinfection and the proper donning and doffing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). In addition, training on dental practice modification was attended by some of the respondents (54.9%). The Mann-Whitney test showed a statistically significant difference between training experience and practice modification (p<0.05). Spearman's test showed a statistically significant difference with weak positive correlation between knowledge and practice modification (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In general, dentists in DKI Jakarta have modified their practice well, although lower practice was found in several components, such as the use of rubber dam and High-Volume Evacuator (HVE) or high-volume saliva ejector, and COVID-19 test on patients before dental treatment. Dental practice modification is associated with training experience and knowledge."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Enterococcus Faecalis merupakan bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada kegagalan perawatan saluran akar. Hal ini berhubungan dengan sifat resistensi dari E.faecalis terhadap antibakteri. Klorheksidin 2 % merupakan bahan irigasi yang terbukti efektif dalam menghilangkan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis), akan tetapi klorheksidin memiliki toksisitas terhadap sel tertentu. Teh hijau merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang banyak dikonsumsi di dunia termasuk di Indonesia. Ekstrak teh hijau terbukti memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis. Namun belum banyak penelitian yang meneliti daya antibakteri dari ekstrak teh hijau dan klorheksidin 2% terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm dengan menggunakan metode Real-time PCR. Tujuan: Membandingkan daya antibakteri ekstrak teh hijaudengan klorheksidin 2 % terhadapEnterococcus faecalisdalam biofilm. Metode: koloni E. faecalis ATCC 29212 di kumpulkan dengan loop dari biakan 1 malam E.faecalis di BHI agar, lalu dimasukkan kedalam 10 ml saline steril. Densitas dari suspensi di standarisasi dengan 0.5 McFarland untuk mendapatkan jumlah 10 8 CFU/ml. 50 μl suspensi bakteri diokulasi pada membran filter nitrat selulosa yang diletakkan pada permukaan agar lalu inkubasi selama 3 hari untuk membentuk biofilm, Larutanekstrak teh hijau, CHX 2 % dan kontrol dimasukkan kedalam tabung uji. biofilmE. faecalisdi membran nitrat selulosa dimasukkan ke dalam tabung uji dan paparkan masing masing bahan uji. Semua tabung lalu dimasukkan ke dalam inkubator dengan suhu 37 °C selama 10 menit. Kemudian dilakukan penghitungan jumlah E.faecalis yang hidup dengan menggunakan Real-time PCR.Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan bermaknadiantara kelompok ekstrak teh hijau, klorheksidin 2 %,dan kontrol. Kesimpulan:Esktrak teh hijau memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap E.faecalis dalam biofilm, namun tidak seefektif klorheksidin 2%.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method. Aim. To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods : E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results : There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%., Background:Enterococcus faecalis is most commonly isolated bacteria in failed root canal treatment. This is due with resistency of E. faecalis to antimicrobial agent. 2% chlorhexidin is proven to be effecive against Enterococcus faecalis (E.faecalis). However chlorhexidin is known to have toxicity againts several particular cells. Green tea is one of the most widely narutal comsumed beverage in the world, also in Indonesia. Green tea extract is proven to have antibacterial efficacy against E.faecalis,but not many research has investigated green tea extract and chlorhexidin 2% antibacterial efficacy againtsE.faecalis biofilm by using real-time PCR method.Aim.To compare antibacterial efficacy of green tea extract solution with chlorhexidin 2 % againts E.faecalis biofilm.Methods :E. faecalis ATCC 29212 colonies collected from overnight culture of bacterial grown on BHI agar plate. The density of the suspension was standardized by comparison with 0,5 Mcfarland Standar to give an approximate count of 108 CFU/ml. Aliquos (50μl) bacterial suspension were then inoculated on steril disks place on the surface of BHI agar and incubated at 37°C for 72 h aerobically. After 72 h of incubation, the discs were removed and transferred into 10 ml PBS to loose attached bacterial. Then the disks were transferred to 10 ml of green tea extract solution, chlorhexidin 2% and PBS steril as control then exposed for 10 minutes in an aerobic incubator at 37 °C.thenall living E. faecalis cells was quantified by using Real-time PCR methods.Results. There were significant differences statistically between green tea extract, chlorhexidin 2 % and control groups.Conclusion.Green tea extract was effective againts E.faecalis biofilm butnot as effective as chlorhexidin 2%.]"

"Child patient management skills are essential for the dentists who want to successfully manage children. Without appropriate clinician skills in behavior management dental care in pediatric dentistry may be impractical for some children. Treatment of difficult children without effective behavioral management may appear cruel to the child may be perceived by unsatisfactory by the parent and can be exhausting to the clinician. Proper management of children is probably the most important responsibility of dentists who practice pediatric dentistry. Variety of factors may influenced the child behavior in the dental clinic, such as: growth and development, family and peers pass medical and dental experiences and the dental environment it self. This factors should be take attention by the dentists to diagnose the child behavior to dental clinic then choose the appropriate the technical behavior to manage the child."