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"Prompted by poor performance of most state-owned enterprises, the Indonesian government has made the partnership between state-owned and private firms as one of its `strategic' steps. However, partnership between business entities from different institutional backgrounds can cause uneasy relationship stemming from different characters and imbalanced position between partners. In the Indonesian context, partnerships between state and private firms show imbalance in which the former enjoy more prestige and power than the later. Dependency is reflected in the obligation of spending some cost by private companies, some of which become additional income or rent to the executives of state firms.

The case study looks at the joint-operation in sugar production for the milling season of 2001-2002 between the state-owned PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV (PTPN XIV) and the privately owned PT Kalpataru Semesta (PTKS). During the course of the joint-operation, relations between two partners have demonstrated lack of transparency and growing distrust. Complexities have intensified because of a persistent competition between key actors, namely president directors of the respective firms, in an attempt to show that each was more powerful than the other.

This research tries to answer four questions. First, how is partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS possible? Second, why are differences between both partners so wide and very difficult to reconcile? Third, how are the relationships between actors during the implementation of the partnership? Fourth, how do partners eventually agree on the termination of their joint-operation? In brief, this study attempts to reveal various processes, networks, and structures that affect the partnership. Due to his position as a member of the Monitoring Team of the joint-operation project, the researcher chooses to apply participant observation as the main method of data collection. Informal talks and interviews with other actors and informants also contribute to the process.

This study takes into consideration three theoretical perspectives, namely Exchange, Exchange-Network, and Governance theories, but all lack of comprehension in describing the overall structures and processes behind the partnership. This has led to the formulation of a combination of relevant ideas and aspects of those theories by utilizing concepts and ideas of the dramaturgical and social capital perspectives. This attempt has resulted in the emergence of a pair of exchange network models of key actors; and a matrix of all relevant actors and elements.

This research finds that in contrast to widespread practices in Indonesia, state firms are not permanently stronger than their private counterparts. The relative position between PTPN XIV and PTKS demonstrates a dynamic imbalance in the sense that either the state-owned or private firms may hold dominance over the other. In the initiation phase, the private partner gains strong position over the state-owned partner. During the implementation of the partnership, both demonstrate dominance interchangeably depending on the specific circumstances. At the final phase, the state-owned firm shows its strength and the private company has to accept that it is dependent on its state-owned counterpart.

In general, the partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS reflects a success and a failure simultaneously. It has succeeded in salvaging the ill-fated state-owned firm, or serving public interest, but at the same time it fails in delivering satisfactory profit to private partner. In addition to its failure, the project proves that a governance arrangement fails to perform well under a distrustful relationship between partners as a result of mysterious behavior of the PTPN XIV president director. However the involvement of a state official has served two functions; first, help make partnership possible in the first place, second, create a forum through which partners meet to discuss differences.

The study recommends that state officials should . take a more active role in managing tensions and reducing unnecessary differences between partners. State-owned enterprises should be encouraged to open up their data and predictions that are highly relevant to the joint-project. This will help create trust and norm of mutual benefit between partners. Private companies, despite their strong position, should be well-prepared prior to entering into an agreement with state firms. They should obtain sufficient knowledge especially on the calculation methods of production costs and the familiarity with key actors from the other side in the partnership."

"Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan pendapatan per kapita penduduk Indonesia, kebutuhan akan hasil-hasil peternakan juga meningkat. Sektor agribisnis peternakan mengalami perkembangan yang pesat. Pola Inti-Plasma merupakan salah satu bentuk kemitraan yang diterapkan di sektor peternakan, termasuk dalam budidaya peternakan ayam. Penggunaan Pola Inti-Plasma semakin menguat setelah krisis yang melanda Indonesia pada kurun waktu 1997-1998 yang juga telah memukul sektor peternakan. Hal ini merupakan manifestasi dari adanya kehendak dari para peternak untuk mencari rasa aman dari fluktuasi harga meskipun keuntungan yang diperoleh relatif lebih sedikit. Perjanjian kerjasama kemitraan yang dibuat antara perusahaan inti dengan peternak plasma harus mengacu pada aspek-aspek hukum perjanjian, baik asas-asas hukum perjanjian, syarat sahnya perjanjian, bagian-bagian atau unsur-unsur perjanjian, serta bentuk perjanjian. Dari studi kasus ini diketahui bahwa perjanjian kerjasama kemitraan pada budidaya peternakan ayam yang diterapkan di PT. CAS telah memenuhi asas konsensualisme, asas kekuatan mengikat, asas kebebasan berkontrak, serta syarat sahnya terbentuknya perjanjian. Demikian juga dengan bentuk atau anatomi perjanjian telah memadai. Namun demikian, perjanjian kerjasama kemitraan tersebut belum sepenuhnya memenuhi asas keseimbangan dan asas itikad baik. Guna memenuhi kedua asas tersebut, diperlukan keterlibatan pemerintah dalam memberikan bimbingan dan bantuan teknis kepada peternak dan menetapkan mekanisme arbitrase untuk menyelesaikan konflik antara perusahaan inti dengan peternak plasma. Selain itu, diperlukan juga keyakinan perusahaan inti untuk menerapkan jaminan kepada peternak plasma.

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Along with the increasing of numbers and income per capita of Indonesia's population, the need for the livestock’s product is also increases. Livestock agribusiness sector experienced rapid development. The Pattern of Nucleus-Plasma is one of form of partnership that is also applied in the livestock sector, including in chicken farming. The Pattern of Nucleus-Plasma increasingly used after the crisis that hit Indonesia in the period of 1997-1998, that had also strike the livestock sector. This is a manifestation of the willingness of chicken farmers to seek security from price fluctuations despite the benefits are relatively few. Partnership Agreement made between the nucleus-company and plasma-farmers should refer to the legal aspects of the agreement, namely the principles of contract law, the validity requirements of the agreement, the parts or elements of the agreement, and the form of agreement. From the case study, it is found that the partnership agreement on chicken farming applied in PT. CAS has fulfilled the principle of consensus, the principle of the binding force, the principle of freedom of contract, as well as the validity requirements of the agreement. Likewise, the form or anatomy of agreement is adequate. However, the partnership agreement does not fully comply with the principle of balance and the principle of good faith. To meet the last both principles of contract law, it is necessary for government to involve in providing guidance and technical assistance to farmers, and establish an arbitration mechanism to resolve the conflict between the nucleuscompany and plasma-farmers. In addition, the nucleus-company should confidence to require a warranty to plasma-farmers."

"Perkembangan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) di beberapa negara memiliki peranan yang penting dan merupakan penggerak roda perekonomian. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan oleh UMKM dalam meningkatkan peranannya dalam bidang ekonomi adalah melalui hubungan kerjasama dengan Usaha Besar melalui mekanisme kemitraan. Dalam hubungan kemitraan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah menghadapi persaingan yang tidak sebanding diantara Usaha Besar dan UMKM akibat skala usaha yang lebih kecil dan posisi tawar yang lemah. Dalam rangka meningkatkan posisi tawar dari UMKM, terbentuknya struktur pasar yang menjamin tumbuhnya persaingan usaha yang sehat dan melindungi konsumen serta mencegah terjadinya penguasaan pasar oleh orang perorangan atau kelompok tertentu yang merugikan UMKM maka diterbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2013 Tentang Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah berdasarkan ketentuan perundang-undangan tersebut pelaksanaan kemitraan perlu diawasi secara tertib dan teratur oleh lembaga yang dibentuk dan bertugas untuk mengawasi persaingan usaha yaitu Komisi pengawas persaingan Usaha (KPPU). Amanat pengawasan pelaksanaan kemitraan melahirkan tugas dan kewenangan baru kepada KPPU untuk menjaga iklim usaha dan persaingan yang sehat khususnya dalam pelaksanaan kemitraan di Indonesia.

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The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in some countries have an important role and is driving the economy. One effort that can be made by SMEs in enhancing its role in the economy is through partnerships with large company through a partnership mechanism. In a partnership relationship Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises face competition not comparable between Large Enterprises and SMEs due to the smaller scale enterprises and weak bargaining position. In order to improve the bargaining position of SMEs, the formation of market structure that ensures the growth of fair competition and protect consumers and prevent market domination by an individual or group that is detrimental to SMEs then passed Law No. 20 of 2008 on Micro, Small and medium and Government Regulation No. 17 of 2013 on the Implementation of Law No. 20 of 2008 on Micro, Small, and medium Enterprises under the provisions of the legislation implementing the partnership needs to be monitored in an orderly and organized by the institution established and tasked to oversee the Commission For Supervison Of Business Competition (KPPU). Supervision of the implementation of the mandate of the partnership spawned new duties and powers to the Commission to keep the business climate and fair competition, especially in the implementation of partnership in Indonesia."

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"Dalam melakukan suatu usaha harus menerapkan prinsip-prinsip persaingan usaha sehat seperti yang diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat yaitu tidak melakukan monopoli, monopsoni, penguasaan pasar dan sebagainya. Tetapi dalam Pasal 50a menyatakan bahwa 'ketentuan dalam undang-undang ini dapat dikecualikan apabila perbuatan dan/atau perjanjian tersebut bertujuan melaksanakan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku'. Apabila perbuatan dan/atau perjanjian yang dimaksud tersebut merupakan suatu perbuatan untuk melakukan suatu kegiatan usaha dalam hal umum maka ketentuan tersebut tidak menjadi masalah, tetapi apabila perbuatan dan/atau perjanjian tersebut merupakan melakukan suatu kegiatan usaha dalam bidang kemitraan maka hal tersebut akan menyebabkan suatu masalah yaitu terjadinya pertentangan antara Pasal 50a Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 Tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah. Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 menyatakan bahwa 'Kemitraan adalah kerjasama dalam keterkaitan usaha, baik langsung maupun tidak langsung, atas dasar prinsip saling memerlukan, mempercayai, memperkuat, dan menguntungkan'. Sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut dalam tesis ini akan dibahas mengenai perjanjian kemitraan inti plasma di Indonesia, kesesuaian perjanjian kemitraan dengan prinsip-prinsip persaingan usaha sehat, dan pengawasan terhadap pelaksanaan kemitraan sektor perkebunan.

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In performing an business must apply the principles business competition healthy as regulated in the law number 5 years 1999 on prohibition of monopoly and unfair business competition that is they did not do monopoly, as having only one buyer, mastery market and so on. But in article 50a stated that 'a provision in a law this could be exempted when deeds and / or agreement was aimed to implement laws and regulations'. When deeds and / or agreement referred to this is a deed to perform a business activities in terms of common so this regulation was not be a problem, but when deeds and / or agreement was done a business activities in the field of partnership so that this will cause a problem that is the difference between article 50a the act of number 5 years 1999 on prohibition of monopoly and unfair business competition with act number 20 years 2008 on micro business, small and medium. On bill number 20 years 2008 stated that 'partnership is cooperation in entanglement business, either directly or indirectly, based on the principle need each other, trust, strengthen, and profitable'. So based on such statement in this will be discussed in the partnership agreements the nucleus plasma in Indonesia, conformity partnership agreements with the principles business competition healthy, and supervision with the implementation of the partnership the agricultural sector."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan bentuk program kemitraan bagimitra binaan, mengukur efektivitas program kemitraan bagi usaha kecil mitrabinaan. Serta menggambarkan faktor yang mendukung tercapainya efektivitasprogram CSR PT. Jamsostek Kacab Depok melalui program kemitraan. Penelitianini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaprogram kemitraan bersifat mandatory dan minim dalam segi pendampingan.Dengan metode executing dalam pelaksanaan kemitran memberikan manfaat bagipihak perusahaan, koperasi dan mitra binaan. Diantaranya penilaian positif terkaitkinerja perusahaan, kemudahan mengontrol angsuran, kredibilitas koperasi dandana stimulan bagi usaha mitra binaan. Dari segi efektivitas program kemitraan,dapat dikatakan efektif karena mitra binaan mengalami peningkatan usaha.Sedangkan faktor yang mendukung tercapainya efektivitas program diantaranyaterdapat faktor pendidikan, lama menjalankan usaha, keterlibatan pada usahasejenis, jaringan sosial serta pengorganisasian program kemitraan.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to describe a form of partnership program for assisted partner,to measure the effectiveness of partnership program for small businesses assistedpartner, and also to describe the factors that support the achievement of theeffectiveness of CSR program at PT. Jamsostek branch office Depok throughpartnership programs. This research is qualitative research. The result of thisresearch indicates that partnership program is mandatory and scanty in terms ofmentoring. With executing method in the implementation of partnership programgive the benefit for companies, cooperatives and assisted partner. Such as positiveassessment regarding the company's performance, the ease of installment control,the credibility of the cooperatives and funds to provide stimulation for assistedbusiness partners. In terms of the effectiveness of the partnership program, it canbe said to be effective because there is a business improvement of the assistedbusiness partner. Meanwhile, the supporting factors of program effectiveness areeducation, the age of doing business, engagement in similar business, socialnetworks and organizing of the partnership program."

"[Skripsi ini membahas mengenai bagaimana implementasi pemolisian komunitasdan dampaknya pada perubahan kondisi kemanan, ketertiban lingkungan sertahubungan kemitraan antara petugas dengan masyarakat. Peneliti menggunakanPolsubsektor Pekayon Jaya sebagai lokasi penelitian dalam melihat implementasipemolisian komunitas. Skripsi ini melihat bahwa pelaksanaan pemolisian tidakterlepas dari prinsip-prinsip pemolisian komunitas. Penekanan penggunaankemitraan sebagai upaya pencegahan kejahatan dalam implementasi pemolisiankomunitas memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap peningkatan kesadaran dankepedulian, hubungan kemitraan, kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah oleh wargamasyarakat yang berada di dekat Polsubsektor Pekayon Jaya serta penurunanangka kejahatan di lingkungan Kelurahan Pekayon. Dalam upaya mendapatkanhasil penelitian yang sesuai dengan tujuannya, maka peneliti menggunakanmetode penelitian kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskripitif – analisis., This thesis is talked about the implementation of community policing in the region ofpolsubsektor pekayon jaya and its influence on the condition of security. Researchersused polsubsektor pekayon jaya as a location of research know the implementationof community policing. This thesis viewed that the implementation of policing basedon the principles of community policing. Partnership as a crime prevention incommunity policing will give a positive influence on increased awareness, problemsolving , public participation and decreased criminality. To get the significant resultsof research, researchers used a qualitative study method with the descriptive –analysis type.]"

"Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif yaitu mengacu kepada norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundangundangan dan keputusan pengadilan. Penelitian kepustakaan tersebut dilanjutkan dengan penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara dan peninjauan ke dua desa di Lebak, Banten. Yang menjadi permasalahan dalam disertasi ini adalah apakah perjanjian-perjanjian dalam Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat Perkebunan di Lebak, Banten adil bagi petani peserta? Apakah Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat Perkebunan dapat membawa kesejahteraan yang kontinu kepada petani peserta di Lebak, Banten? Faktor-faktor apakah yang menyebabkan Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat Perkebunan di Lebak, Banten akhirnya tidak berhasil? Usaha-usaha apakah yang perlu dilakukan agar Pola Perusahaan Inti Rakyat Perkebunan membawa keuntungan baik untuk perusahaan inti maupun petani peserta di Lebak, Banten? PIR Perkebunan dilaksanakan untuk membangun petani perkebunan yang sejahtera dan mandiri melalui peningkatan pendapatan dan taraf hidup. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan melalui mekanisme yang telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan perjanjian. Pola PIR Perkebunan dalam pelaksanaannya mengalami hambatan-hambatan atau kesulitan-kesulitan. Di samping ada PIR Perkebunan yang berhasil, tetapi ada pula yang mengalami kegagalan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perjanjian dalam Pola PIR Perkebunan yaitu perjanjian pembelian-pembayaran hasil panen dan kredit petani peserta dibuat dalam bentuk standar dengan tujuan untuk memperhatikan asas keseimbangan, tetapi dalam pelaksanaannya tidak selalu tercapai. Perjanjian mengenai pengelolaan kebun dan kredit petani peserta dibuat dalam bentuk perjanjian standar dan isinya belum sepenuhnya adil bagi petani peserta. Sementara perjanjian kredit dibuat dalam bentuk standar, tetapi dalam perjanjian tidak ditemukan unsur-unsur yang memberatkan petani peserta. Selanjutnya Perjanjian Produksi dan Jual Beli buah kelapa sawit semula dibuat untuk memberikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan inti dan petani peserta, tetapi perjanjian tersebut belum sepenuhnya adil bagi petani peserta. PIR Perkebunan akhirnya tidak dapat membawa kesejahteraan yang kontinu kepada petani peserta di Lebak yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya tingkat pendapatan petani peserta dan beberapa mengalihkan tanah perkebunan. Pola PIR Perkebunan yang mempunyai tujuan mulia ternyata gagal membawa kesejahteraan kepada petani peserta di Lebak karena tidak berjalannya mekanisme dalam Pola PIR Perkebunan. Usahausaha yang perlu dilakukan agar PIR Perkebunan dapat membawa keuntungan bagi perusahaan inti dan petani peserta di Lebak diantaranya harus dilakukan perbaikan tugas dan peran perusahaan inti serta petani peserta, kelembagaan petani peserta harus dibentuk dan diperkuat, serta kemitraan antara perusahaan inti dan petani peserta harus diperbaiki.

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This research utilizes the legal normative research methodology which is based on legal norms within regulations and courts decision. In addition to that, library research is complemented by field research through interviews and observation to the two villages in The Regency of Lebak, Banten Province. Specifically, the main research questions for this research are whether the agreements within The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations are impartial for its farmer members? Other questions that will be evaluated are whether The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations could bring continuous social prosperity for its farmers in Lebak, Banten? Moreover, which factors are influencing the failures of The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations in Lebak, Banten? More importantly, what efforts need to be made so that The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations could be beneficial for its own good and also the its farmers in Lebak, Banten? Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations are designed to create a prosperous and self-sufficient farmers through increasing their wages and living conditions. These objectives are pursued through the establishment of a mechanism which are managed through existing regulations and agreement. During its implementation, the pattern of Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations encountered obstacles and difficulties whereas in spite of several successful NES Plantations, there are also those that failed. The result of this research has shown that the agreements within The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations namely, the agreement on the buying-payment of harvest results and farmers credit are made with equality in concept but it failed to achieve its intended goals during its implementation. In addition to that, the agreement on the management of plantations and farmers credit are made in the form of standard agreements in which its contents does not serve the interest of the farmers. At the same time, the credit agreements are created in the standard forms but it is not found to have a negative impact on the farmers. Furthermore, the agreement on production and selling of palm oil are originally designed to benefit for the nucleus estate and its farmers, but as this research has shown it has not created a fair and just impact for its farmers. As a result, The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations could not create continuous social prosperity for the farmers in Lebak as shown by the low income of the farmers and several plantation lands issues. The noble goal of The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations in the end has not been beneficial on the farmers in Lebak due to the failed mechanism within The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations. Therefore, efforts need to be made so that The Nucleus Estate Smallholder Plantations could create a positive output for the nucleus estate and the farmers in Lebak, these reforms can be made in the form of improving the scope of task and roles of nucleus estate and its farmer?s members, the strengthening of the farmer?s institutions and improving the partnership model between nucleus estate and its farmer?s members in the future."

"Perjanjian Kemitraan Antara Ritel Modern Dengan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah (UMKM) di dalam Persaingan Usaha Industri Ritel Terdapat Posisi Dominan dan Ketidakseimbangan oleh Ritel Modern yang berdampak terhadap Kesejahteraan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah (UMKM). Penelitian ini membahas Permasalahan mengenai bagaimana Implementasi Perjanjian Kemitraan antara Ritel Modern dengan UMKM di Wilayah Kota Madya Bogor, dan apakah Perjanjian Kemitraan antara Ritel Modern dengan UMKM tersebut sesuai dengan Prinsip-Prinsip Persaingan Usaha Sehat, serta bagaimana Model/Mekanisme Pengawasan Perjanjian Kemitraan antara Ritel Modern dengan UMKM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Dalam Tesis ini, penulis mengambil contoh perjanjian kemitraan antara Yogya Bogor Junction (Ritel Modern) dengan salah satu Usaha Kecil di wilayah Kota Bogor.Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara tidak langsung Yogya Bogor Junction telah menguasai UMKM sebagai mitra usahanya dalam pelaksanaan hubungan kemitraan, hal tersebut bertentangan dengan Pasal 35 UU No. 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UMKM Jo. Pasal 12 huruf (a) PP No. 17 Tahun 2013 tentang Pelaksanaan UU No. 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UMKM. Pengawasan Kemitraan menggunakan 2 (dua) jenis Pengawasan yaitu Pengawasan secara Preventif dan Pengawasan secara Represif, Perizinan merupakan salah satu bentuk Pengawasan Preventif dan yang berwenang melakukan Pengawasan Represif adalah Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU). Pada akhirnya penulis menyarankan bahwa Pemerintah Pusat harus terus mengawasi Pelaksanaan maupun Penerapan Program Kemitraan agar dapat berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan dan hendaknya Usaha Besar Ritel Modern selalu memegang teguh prinsip-prinsip persaingan usaha yang sehat, agar dapat ikut membina usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah menjadi lebih mandiri dan berdaya guna.

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Partnership Agreement between Modern Retail with The Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the retail industry competition there dominant position and imbalance by Modern Retail that affecting welfare Micro, Small, And Medium Enterprises (SMEs). This study discusses the problem about The Implementation of The Partnership Agreement between Modern Retail with SMEs in The Bogor City, and whether The Partnership Agreement between The Modern Retail with SMEs in accordance with The Principles Of Fair Business Competition, and how The Model/Monitoring Mechanism Partnership Agreement between The Modern Retail with SMEs. The Method used in this Research is a normative legal research methods, with the approach of legislation. In this research, The Authors take an example of a Partnership Agreement between Yogya Bogor Junction (Modern Retail) with a Small Enterprise in The Bogor City.

The Research concludes that indirectly Yogya Bogor Junction has mastered SMEs as business partners in The Implementation of The Partnership, it is contrary to Article 35 of Act Number 20 of 2008 on SMEs and Article 12 (a) of Government Regulation Number 17 of 2013 on The Implementation of Act Number 20 of 2008 on SMEs. Monitoring partnership uses two (2) types of monitoring is preventive and repressive, licensing is one form of preventive monitoring and authorized to repressive monitoring is The Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). In The End, The Authors recommend that The Central Government must be continue to monitor implementation and application of partnership program to make it work as expected and should large enterprises such as Modern Retail always uphold The Principles Of Of Fair Business Competition, in order to participate to foster Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises become more independent and efficient."

"As a prerequisite for life, every human being needs clean water. The more populated an area is, the more volume of water needed. Jakarta as a metropolitan city and the most populated area of Indonesia also face the same condition: its 12 million population needs kilotons of water daily. Therefore, the need for an established reliable and integrated clean water service in Jakarta is getting more and more important.ince decades ago, PAM Jaya has been the only municipal waterworks that operates in Jakarta. Yet, due to heavily indebted financial condition, it is impossible Far PAM Jaya to improve much of its service. Therefore, PAM Jaya then partnered with two world's giant in waterworks service, one of them is PALYJA. With helps from its partners, PAM Jaya's service is increasing gradually.However, some public considered the partnership only profit the partners, because after 7 years of the agreement, PAM Jaya is then burdened with new debts due to imbalanced proportion between the cost of water and the price. After many renegotiations took place, the agreement was then revised to a condition that PAM Jaya will not suffer losses, unless major changes in the business environment take place.The question arose is then asking when PAM Jaya, after being bound with the agreement, will be able to pay all the debts. In other word, when will PAM Jaya be free from its current indebted situation? Answering this, some projection has been made trying to foresee the future condition. The latest official projection stated that all the debts that PAM Jaya bear, either existing debts to the Ministry of Finance or the later operational debts to the partner would be paid by the year 2009. This implies that starting from 2010 PAM Jaya will continuously be a very profitable company.Further question to ask is then whether the profit earned by PAM Jaya is at the cost of Jakarta citizen's interest, i.e. by charging an expensive price to its customers, or can it act like a truly public service company by keeping the water price low and affordable to everybody in Jakarta, while maintaining its profitability."