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"The handbook Global Environmental Change is intended to serve as a reliable and comprehensive resource to attend the needs of researchers, teachers, students, and professionals working in science and policy aspects relevant to environment and sustainability. Entries in the handbook are arranged by major section, and are extensively cross-referenced to allow users to find related titles in a user-friendly way. The handbook is available as a printed volume and as an on-line reference work. "

"Partial contents :Securitization of global environmental change -- Economic, social, environmental security and human threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks in the Near East, North and Sub-Saharan Africa and in Asia -- Threats, challenges, vulnerabilities and risks for urban centres in hazards and disasters -- Coping with global environmental changes : climate change, soil and desertification, water management, food and health -- Climate change -- Soil and desertification -- Water management -- Coping with food security issues -- Coping with health security issues -- Coping with hazards and strategies for coping with social vulnerability and resilience building -- Coping with global environmental change : scientific, international , regional and national political strategies, policies and measures -- Scientific research goals and strategies for coping with global environmental change -- Global strategies, policies and measures for coping with climate change -- Regional strategies, policies and measures for coping with climate change -- National strategies, policies and measures for coping with climate change -- A technical tool : remote sensing, vulnerability mapping and indicators of environmental security challenges and risks -- Towards an improved early warning of conflicts and hazards."

"ABSTRAKVehicle Routing Problem (VRP) merupakan masalah kritis dan penting dalam bidang logistik untuk mendesain suatu jaringan transportasi yang efektif dan efisien. Di antara berbagai jenis VRP, Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) telah banyak dipelajari secara luas oleh banyak peneliti karena dalam prakteknya sangat relevan dengan operasi logistik. Namun, CVRP yang bertujuan meminimalkan perjalanan jarak keseluruhan atau meminimalkan waktu perjalanan ternyata tidak memenuhi persyaratan terbaru yaitu Green Logistics, yang memperhatikan pengaruh terhadap lingkungan. Pada skripsi ini mempelajari CVRP dari perspektif lingkungan yang disebut Environmental Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) dengan tujuan mengurangi dampak buruk pada lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh routing dari kendaraan. Dalam skripsi ini, pengaruh lingkungan diukur melalui jumlah emisi yang dikeluarkan pada saat melakukan aktifitas logistik. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah EVRP adalah dengan menggunakan metode metaheuristik yaitu algoritma Hybrid Artificial Bee Colony (HABC). Algoritma HABC merupakan modifikasi dari algoritma Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) dengan algoritma Clarke-Wright Savings untuk pembentukan rute awal.

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ABSTRACT

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a critical and vital problem in logistics for the design of an effective and efficient transportation network. Among the various types of VRP, Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) has been studied extensively because in practice it is very relevant to logistics operations. However, CVRP aimed at minimizing traveling distance or minimize overall travel time did not meet the latest requirements of Green Logistics, which pay attention to the effect on the environment. In this thesis studied the CVRP from an environmental perspective, called the Environmental Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP) with the aim of reducing the adverse effect on the environment caused by the routing of vehicles. In this research, the environmental influence is measured through the amount of the emission , which is a widely acknowledged criteria and accounts for the major influence on environment. A hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm (HABC) is designed to solve the EVRP model. The artificial bee colony is a swarm intelligent, which mimics the foraging behavior of a honey bee swarm. An hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm is also proposed to improve the solution quality of the original version. HABC algorithm is a modification of the algorithm Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm Clarke-Wright Savings as the formation of the initial route."

"Penipisan lapisan ozon secara global yang terjadi saat ini merupakan suatu bencana besar bagi Bumi dan umat manusia mengingat vitalnya fungsi lapisan ozon ini. Pengamatan terhadap lapisan ozon merupakan sesuatu yang sangat diperlukan untuk terus memantau perkembangannya. MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sebagai instrumen penginderaan jauh dapat melakukan perhitungan ketebalan lapisan ozon. Sistem yang dibangun di dalam penelitian ini akan mengolah data MODIS dari level 0 menjadi level 2 menggunakan perangkat lunak IMAPP VA. Hasil pengolahan berupa file berformat HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) yang di dalamnya terdapat sekumpulan set data profil atmosfer, termasuk data ketebalan lapisan ozon. Data ini kemudian diekstraksi untuk dianalisis dan dipetakan menggunakan perangkat lunak pengolah data matematis. Pengukuran dilakukan terhadap tiga wilayah yang memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda, yaitu Indonesia, Amerika Serikat dan Kutub Selatan. Untuk wilayah Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat, digunakan data MODIS pada tahun 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 dan 2011. Sedangkan untuk wilayah digunakan data MODIS pada tahun 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 dan 2010. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa wilayah Indonesia sedikit mengalami kenaikan rata-rata ketebalan lapisan ozon dalam periode waktu tersebut, sedangkan ketebalan lapisan ozon di wilayah Amerika Serikat dan Kutub Selatan mengalami penurunan rata-rata ketebalan lapisan ozon pada periode waktu tersebut. Panelitian ini juga membuktikan adanya lubang ozon didaerah Kutub Selatan setiap tahunnya.

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Nowadays, Ozone Depletion Layer is a serious disaster for earth and human life as it's vital function. Monitoring of ozone layer is needed to know the the progress of this layer. MODIS (MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) as the remote sensing instrument can calculate total column ozone. The system developed in this research will processes the MODIS data from level 0 to level 2 using IMAPP VA software. The result of the processing is the file with HDF (Hierarchical Data Format) data format which is include the information of atmospheric profile, such as total column ozone.The total column ozone dataset embedded in HDF file extracted and mapped to the global map by mathematical data processing software. The system measure total column ozone in three area, Indonesia, United States of America(USA), and Antarctica. In Indonesia and USA region, this measurenment held in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2011. In Antarctica this measurenment held in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009 and 2010. The result of this observation shows that Indonesia's average total column ozon increased by insignificant value in that period of time. Meanwhile in USA and Antarctic Region, the average total column ozone decreased in that period of time. This observation also proof that there is an ozone hole over the antarctic in every year observed. "

"Distopia adalah sebuah tempat yang menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan, sesuatu yang dianggap sebagai hal yang berkonotasi negatif. Tanpa manusia sadari, seiring berjalannya waktu, semakin dekat pula manusia dengan kondisi distopia. Walaupun beragam macam distopia, satu hal yang paling nyata dari kondisi saat ini adalah distopia alam, dimana kondisi pemanasan global sudah marak dan perlahan menghancurkan hidup manusia. Saat ini, manusia kerap tidak menghargai alam, hal itulah yang membuat alam membalaskan dendamnya kepada manusia, melalui distopia. Meski begitu, tetap terdapat subjek-subjek yang menghargai keberadaan alam, dan bergantung penuh kepada alam untuk menghidupi kehidupannya. Dalam kajian ini, penulis mencoba untuk menjabarkan proses bagaimana arsitektur dapat membantu keberlangsungan hidup subjek ini, namun, disambungkan dengan komentar penulis mengenai bagaimanapun itu, seberapa efektif karya arsitektur yang dapat dibuat, akan ada masanya dimana hasil buatan manusia akan kalah dengan apa yang alam punya. Tulisan ini juga menjelaskan secara lebih lanjut mengenai narasi yang akan diterapkan dan bagaimana cara penerapannya dalam proyek ini.

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Dystopia is a place that creates an uncomfortable feeling, a feeling that is unsafe for the subject, and is something that is perceived as a negative thing. Without the humans realizing, the more time goes, the closer we are to dystopia. Eventhough there are multiple kinds of dystopia, one thing that is very clear and close to the human being is about the nature’s dystopia, in which the case now is about global warming that is slowly coming to ruin the life of humans. As for now, humans are perceived as a subject that does not respect the nature, and that is the reason why nature is trying to fight back through dystopia. Even though there are always some bad humans, there are also the good subjects who respected the nature, and is hanging consistently to live their lifes through nature, and only by nature. In this researc, writer tries to explain on how architecture can help with the lives of the subject that is slowly ruined by dystopia, however combined with the writer’s commentary regarding on even how effective the architecture is, there will be a time where a man made object loses to what the nature has. This writing will also explain regarding the narration that will be put on the project and how does the narration works."

"Pemanasan global dikatakan sebagai adanya proses peningkatan suhu rata-rata atmosfir, laut dan daratan bumi. Maningkatnya suhu global diperkirakan akan menyebabkan perubahan-perubahan yang lain seperti naiknya permukaan air laut, meningkatnya intensitas fenomena cuaca yang ekstrim, serta perubahan jumalh dan pola presipitasi...."