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"Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh formula tempe terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B pada laki-laki umur 40-60 tahun, dengan hiperkolesterolemia dalam rangka mengurangi resiko terjadinva aterosklerosis.Tempat : PT National Gobel Jakarta.Bahan dan cara : Penelitian uji klinis tentang pemberian formula tempe 100 gram/hari dibandingkan dengan pemberian formula plasebo 100 gram/hari selama 42 hari, terhadap 34 orang subyek (17 orang kelompok perlakuan dan 17 orang kelompok kontrol) yang telah memenuhi kriteria. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara, meliputi data pendidikan, penghasilan asupan nutrisi dan pola makan, dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yaitu kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B plasma, dengan hasil analisis statistik tidak ada perbedaan bermakna antara dua kelompok sebelum penelitian.Hasil : Terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total yaitu dari 245,64 mg/dL menjadi 207 mg/dL (15,73%) dan penurunan apolipoprotein-B dari 128,52 mg/dL menjadi 108,35 mg/dL (15,69%) pada kelompok perlakuan. Pada kelompok kontrol terjadi penurunan kadar kolesterol total dari 234,4 mg/dL menjadi 198,52 mg/dL (15,3%) dan penurunan apolipoprotein-B dari 125,47 mg/dL menjadi 102,88 mg/dL (18%). Hasil analisis statistik perbandinaan antara dua kelompok tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan : Pemberian formula tempe 100 gram/hari selama 42 hari belum jelas manfaatnva untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan apolipoprotein-B plasma secara signifikan.

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Objective: To investigate the effect of tempe formula on plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B in male (40-60 years), with hypercholesterolemia, in respect to minimizing atherosclerosis risk.

Place: PT National Gobel Jakarta.

Materials and methods: Clinical trial with supplementation of tempe formula 100 gram/day for 42 days given to 17 subjects compared to 17 subjects of placebo group. Both groups have passed some criteria?s. Data were collected through interview, which include education, income, dietary intake and food pattern. Data also collected from physical examination and laboratory measurement. The plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B, between the two groups showed no significant differences prior to experiment.

Result : Total cholesterol of the supplementation group were reduced from 245,64 mg/dL to 207 mg/dL (15,73%) and apolipoprotein-B from 128,52 mg/dL to 108,35 mg/dL (15,69%), On control group total cholesterol decreased from 234,4 mg/dL to 198,52 mg/dL (15,3%) and apolipoprotein-B from 124,47 mg/dL to 102,88 mg/dL (18%). There were no significant differences in the result between the two groups.

Conclusion: Supplementation of tempe formula 100 gram/day for 42 days was not clear to reduced. plasma level of total cholesterol and apolipoprotein-B."

"Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi formula tempo terhadap kadar malondialdehida dan F2-Isoprostan serum pada penderita ipedcolesterolemia. Tempat: P.T. National Gobel, Jakarta. Bahan dan cara: Penelitian eksperimental pada dua kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol masing-masing 17 subyek yang telah memenuhi kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan diberikan formula tempo (100 gram) per oral, sekali sehari selama 42 hari. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data rasio demografi, data nutrisi, data antropometri, data laboratorium, yaitu: malondialdehida (MDA) dan F2-Isoprostan serum. Hasil : Nilai median MDA serum kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol yaitu 0,88 (0,44 - 3,04) nmol/mL vs 1,07(0,39 - 2,02) nmol/mL. Narnun uji statistik terhadap perbedaan ini tidak bermakna. Nilai median F2 Isoprostan serum kelompok perlakuan 793,0 (100,9 - 6316,25) pg/mL lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai median kelompok kontrol 391,75 (100,9 - 10172,5) pg/mL dengan analisis staliatik tidak berbeda bermakna. Pada kelompok perlakuan subyek perokok didapatkan korelasi kuat antara kadar MDA dan F2-lsoprostan serum, sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna. Keshnpulan: Pengaruh suplementasi formula tempe yang mengandung isofavon terhadap penurunan kadar MDA dan F2-Isoprostan serum belum dapat dibuktikan walaupun terlihat kecenderungan penurunan rentangan kadar MDA serum setelah suplementasi formula tempe selama 42 hari.

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Objective: To identify the effect of tempe formulae supplementation on the level of serum malondialdehide and F2-Isoprostane of the hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Place: P .T. National Gabel, Jakarta.

Materials and methods: An experimental study of two groups was carried out 17 subject's of treatment and control group fulfilled the criteria of the selection. The subjects were given 100 gram of tempe formulae orally, once a day for 42 days. The data collected were socio-demographic, nutritional, anthropometric and laboratory data such as: malondialdehide (MDA) and F2- Isoprostane.

Results: The median value of the serum MDA for the treatment group lower than the control group 0,88(0,44 - 3,04) nmol/mL vs 1,07(0,39 - 2,02) nmol/mL although statistical tests concerning this difference are not significance. The median value of serum F2-Isoprostane was 793,0 (100,9 - 6316,25) pg/mL for the treatment group higher compared to median value of 391,75 (100,9 - 10172,5) pg/mL for the control group. According to statistical analysis this difference was not significant. Subjetcs in the treatment group who were smokers showed a strong correlation between the level of MDA and F2-Isoprostane, whereas the control group did not show any significant correlation.

Conclusion: The effect of tempe formulae supplementation containing isoflavon on lowering the level of serum MDA and F2-lsoprostane have not been proven, although a tendency towards a decrease in the level of serum MDA was observed after 42 days supplementation of tempe formulae."

"Tujuan: Mengurangi risiko PKV di Indonesia dengan menurunkan kadar kolesterol dan apolipoprotein B melalui pemberian serat larut β-glukan Tempat: P.T. National Gobel, Bogor. Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian eksperimental dengan disain pre dan post test, dengan subyek penelitian pria, usia > 40 tahun, kadar kolesterol total 220-300 mg/dL, tidak menderita hipotiroid, gangguan hati, sindroma nefrotik, diabetes melitus dan tidak mengkonsumsi obat penurun kolesterol. Subyek penelitian diberikan 75 g oatmeal yang mengandung 3,5 g serat larut β-glukan setiap hari selama 42 hari. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi data sosiodemografi, pemeriksaan antropometri, data asupan makan sebelum dan selama penelitian, pola makan dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B plasma sebelum dan sesudah penelitian. Hasil : Data sosiodemografi menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai aktivitas ringan, berpendidikan sedang dan mempunyai penghasilan di atas garis kemiskinan. Data antropometri menunjukkan IMT dan rasio Lpe/Lpa sebelum dan sesudah penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), sedangkan pada Lpe terjadi penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Penilaian pola makan subyek penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar subyek mempunyai pola makan yang cukup. Asupan energi dan zat gizi sebelum dan selama penelitian tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05), kecuali asupan serat yang meningkat bermakna (p<0,05) selama penelitian. Persentase asupan energi dan zat gizi bila dibandingkan dengan yang dianjurkan, antara lain didapatkan persentase asupan lemak jenuh lebih dari yang dianjurkan sedangkan asupan serat kurang dari yang dianjurkan. Hasil pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B sesudah penelitian menunjukkan penurunan yang bermakna (p<0,01). Kesimpulan: Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi pada subyek penelitian kemungkinan disebabkan asupan lemak jenuh yang tinggi dan asupan serat yang rendah. Pemberian 75 g oatmeal selama 42 hari terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B.

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SubjectsObjectives: To reduce CVD risks in Indonesia by reducing the elevated plasma cholesterol and apolipoprotien B level with β-glucan soluble fiber. Location: P.T. National Gabel, Bogor.

Material and Method: Experimental study with pre and post test design bad been carried out on male subjects age > 40 years, with total cholesterol concentration 220 to 300 mg/dl, not suffer from hypothyroid, liver disorder, nephritic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and did not take any cholesterol reducing agents. Subjects were given 75 g of oatmeal (contain 3.5 g β-glucan soluble fiber) daily for 42 days. The data collected before and during the study were sociodemographic data, anthropometric and food intake. Eating pattern, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B plasma level were also recorded before and after the study.

Result: Socio-demographic data showed that most of the subjects have light activities, moderate education and have monthly income per capita above the poverty line. Anthropometric data showed that BMI and WHR did not differ significantly before and after the study. Eating pattern assessment showed that most of the subjects had moderate eating pattern. Energy and nutrient intake before and after the study did not significantly different (p>0,05) except for fiber intake which increased significantly (p<0,05) during the study. Percentage of nutrient and energy intake compared with recommended showed that saturated fat intake is higher while fiber intake is lower. The study showed a significant decrease in the concentration of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B.

Conclusion: High cholesterol level in the subjects was likely brought about by high saturated fat and low fiber intakes consumption of 75 g oatmeal daily for 42 days showed to lower the concentration of the plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B."

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol dalam darah diatas nilainormal. Angka kejadian hiperkolesterolemia akan terus bertambah seiring denganmeningkatnya pola hidup tidak sehat seperti kebiasaan merokok, obesitas, kurangberolahraga, dan asupan makanan tinggi lemak. Tanaman mengkudu (Morindacitrifolia L.) adalah salah satu tanaman yang buahnya dapat menurunkan kadarkolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL melalui penghambatan aktivitas HMG Co-Areductase yang sudah diteliti pada tikus.Penelitian bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dankolesterol LDL pada pasien hiperkolesterolemia. Metode penelitian menggunakandesain double blind randomized controlled trial pada 60 pasien. Pasien dibagi duakelompok sama banyak menjadi kelompok perlakuan (kapsul ekstrak buah M. citrifolia)dan kelompok kontrol (plasebo) serta mendapat 3x2 kapsul sehari selama 21 hari. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kapsul ekstrak buah M. citrifolia pada kelompok perlakuansecara bermakna menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL (p<0,05) dalamwaktu dua minggu dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Faktor umur, indeks massa tubuh,olahraga, pola makan, dan kebiasaan merokok pada pasien kelompok perlakuan secarabermakna (p<0,05) bermanfaat dalam penurunan kadar kolesterol total. Kapsul ekstrakbuah M. citrifolia memiliki efek menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDLpada pasien hiperkolesterolemia.

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ABSTRACTHypercholestrolemia is characterized by elevated blood cholesterol level above normalvalues. The incidence of hypercholesterolemia will continue to grow unanymous as theunhealthy lifestyle such as smoking, obesity, lack of exercise, and high fat diet increased.Morinda citrifolia L. is one of many kind of plant which its fruit could decrease totalcholesterol and LDL-cholesterol by detaining cholesterol biosynthesis through theactivity of HMG Co-A reductase which has been studied in mouse.This study has a purpose to prove the reducing effect in total cholesterol andLDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolemia patients. This study design used double blindrandomized controlled trial of 60 patients. Patients were divided into same number,including the intervention group (M. Citrifolia fruit extract capsule) and the controlgroup (placebo) that received 2 capsules 3 times daily for 21 days. The result showed theM. citrifolia fruit extract capsule in the intervention group significantly could decreasetotal cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (p<0,05) in two weeks compared to the controlgroup. The age, body mass index, exercise, diet, and smoking habits of patients inintervention group has significant effect in decreasing total cholesterol. M. citrifolia fruitextract capsules has the reducing effect in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol inhypercholesterolemia patients."

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Penderita kanker kolorektal sering mengalami malnutrisi. Untuk memperkecil komplikasi paska bedah, diperlukan tunjangan nutrisi bagi penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi. Sebagai tunjangan nutrisi, susu lazim digunakan di rumah sakit. Tetapi pemberian susu pada orang dewasa dan keadaan malnutrisi sering menimbulkan intoleransi, sehingga diperlukan bahan makanan lain sebagai penggantl susu. Tempe merupakan sumber gizi tradisional yang memiliki banyak kelebihan karakteristik, diharapkan dapat sebagal pengganti susu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pengaruh suplementasi formula tempe dan susu terhadap .perubahan kadar transperin serum penderita kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUPNCM, Jakarta. Penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal yang memenuhi kriteria penerimaan di bagi dua kelompok secara acak. Pada kelompok tempe mendapat suplementasi formula tempe 100 g/hari dan kelompok susu diberikan suplementasi susu full cream 75 g/hari, selama 7hari. Pada awal dan akhir penelitian diperiksa kadar transferin serum sebagai parameter status protein. Hasil: Terjadi peningkatan kadar transferin serum yaitu dari (200,36 ± 29,10) mg/dL menjadi (250,36 ± 91,00) mg/dL pada kelompok tempe dan dari {195,33 ± 29,70) mg/dL., menjadi (276,13 ± 134,15) mg/dL pada kelompok susu. Peningkatan ini secara statistik bermakna (p < 0,05). Bila dibandingkan kedua kelompok tersebut, kadar transferin serum sesudah suplementasi secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: Suplementasi formula tempe atau susu pada penderita pra bedah kanker kolorektal dengan malnutrisi, dapat meningkatkan kadar transferin serum yang setara. Formula tempe merupakan sumber protein nabati dapat digunakan sebagai pilihan alternatif pengganti susu.

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Comparison Study Of The Influence Of Tempe Formula And Milk Supplementation Towards The Transferrin Serum Content Of Pre Surgery Colorectal Cancer Patient With Malnutrition.Scope and Method of Study. A colorectal cancer victim often suffers of malnutrition. To reduce complications a colorectal cancer patient with malnutrition requires nutritional support before surgery. Generally in hospitals milk is used as nutritional support. However milk otten causes intolerance to adults and cases of malnutrition, therefore other foodstuff is required to substitute for milk. Tempe represents a traditional source of nutrition with many characteristic advantages and expected useable as a substitute for milk.

The aim of this study is to compare the influence of tempe formula and milk supplementation towards the change of transferrin serum content in colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition. The study is conducted at the RSUPNCM in Jakarta. Pre surgery colorectal cancer patients fulfilling the criteria are divided at random into two groups. The tempe group receives a supplementation of 100 grams per day tempe formula, while the milk group is given supplementation of full cream milk powder of 75 grams per day for 7 days. At the beginning and conclusion of the study the transferrin serum content is examined as a paramenter of the protein status.

Result: An increase of the transferrin serum content has 1 occured, i.e. from (100,36 ± 29,10) mg/dL to (250,36 ± 91,00) 1 mg/dL in the tempe group and from (195,33 ± 20,70) mg/dL to (276,13 ± 134,15) mg/dL in the milk group. Statistically the increase is significant (p < 0,05). When comparing the two groups the transferrin serum content supplementation does not differ significantly statistic-wise (p > 0,05).

Conclusions: The supplementation of either tempe formula or milk to pre surgery colorectal cancer patients with malnutrition equally increases the transferrin serum content. The tempe formula represents a vegetative source of protein and can be used as an alternative option of milk."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jus anggur 300 gram per hari selama dua minggu terhadap kadar kolesterol LDL laki danperempuan dengan kolesterol total batas tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinik para!el, membandingkan 18 orang dalam kelompok yang mendapat jus anggur disertai penyuluhan gizi dengan 17 orang daJam kelmnpok yang hanya mendapat penyuluhan gizi. Subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi sederhana. Data yang diambil meliputi usia. jenis kelamin1 tingkat pendidikan, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), aktivitas ftSik, riwayat hiperkolesterolemia, asupan energi, lemak, serat kolesterol dan polifenol. Pemeriksaan IMT, asupan energi) lemak, serat, kofesterol, dan polifenol serta kolesterol LDL dlakukan pada awal, selama dan akhir perlakuan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan Mann wliitncy dengan batas kemaknaan 5%. Sebanyak l8 orang kelompok P dan 14 orang ke!ompok K dengan usia 25-44 tahun dapat mengikuti penelitian seear.t. fengkap, Indeks aktivitas fisik rata rata termasuk eukup. Data awal menunjukkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Setelah 14 hari perlakuan. diketahui persentase asupan energi subyek terhadap kebutuhan energi total termasuk kategori cub.'Up pada kelompok perlakuan (89,1 ± 21,6%) dan kurang pada kelompok kontrol (78,8 ± 17,2%). Asupan lemak kedua kelompok seiama pedakuan tergolong cukup. Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Asupan serat dan kolesterol kedua kelompok selama perlakuan tidak berbeda bermakna. Asupan polifenol lebih tinggi pada kelompok perlakuan 631,9 (594,4-753,4) mg/hari dibandingkan dengan asupan kelompok kontrol 63,1 (4,5-140,4) mg/hari Pada kedua kelompok didapatkan penurunan kadar kolesterol LDL. Penurunan yang lebih besar teijadi pada kelompok perlakuan, namun tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) dengan penurunan pada kelompok kontrol. Dengan pemberian 300 gram jus anggur scJama dua minggu tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna penurunan kolestcrot LDL antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 300 gram per day grape juice for two weeks on LDL-cholesterol le""is in borderline total cholesterol of male and female subjects. The study is a parallel! randomized clinical trial. The subjects random were divided into two groups using simple randomization. The treatment group was given grape juice and nutrition counseling (n = 18) and the control group received nutrition counseling alone, n=l7. Data collected including age, sex, Jevel of education, physical activity, body mass index (BMl), hypercholesterolemic intake of energy, fat, fiber, cho!esteroand polyphenol. Laboratory findings of LDL­ cholesterol levels and BMI examination were done before and after treatment Intake of energy, fut, fiber, cholesterol, and polyphenoi were examined before) during, and after the treatment Statistical analysis, was done using unpaired t and Mann Whitney tests with the signnficant level of 5%. Eighteen subjects. were age 25-44 years old, in the treatment group and fourteen subjects in the control group completed the study. The physical activity index in both groups is categorized as sufficient. The characteristics of the two groups not significantly different at base line (p >0,05). After fourteen days of treatment, ail subjects in the treatment group had energy intake meet the requirement of&9,1 ± 21,6 %whereas the control group average did not 7&,& ± i7.2 %. Intake off in both groups was sufficient, the control group had above recommended intake. Intake of fiber and cholesterol in both group was not significantly different. The average intake of polyphcnol in the treatment group increased significantly higher than in the control group 631,9 (594,4-753,4) and 63,12 (4,5-140,4) mg/day respectively. There was a greater decrease in LOL-cholesterol levels in the treatment group compared to the control group.although not statistically significant (p >0,05). In conclusions, the effects of 300 gram per day grape juice for two weeks decrease LDL-cholesterol the treatment group higher than the control but was not significantly."

"ABSTRAKHiperkolesterolemia adalah salah satu faktor risiko mayor yang dapat memicu berkembangnya penyakit kardiovaskular, khususnya penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu obat tradisional yang digunakan untuk hiperkolesterolemia adalah kombinasi herba seledri (Apium graveolens) dan bawang putih (Allium sativum).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efek ekstrak terhadap profil lipid pada subjek hiperkolesterolemia. Subjek terdiri atas pasien klinik pengobatan tradisional di Jakarta. Masing-masing subjek mendapatkan tablet terapi yang berisi ektrak dan tabel placebo sesuai kelompok. Pada subjek diperiksa profil lipid, yaitu kadar kolesterol total darah, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida. Dilakukan paired t-test dua ekor untuk menguji perbedaan antara profil lipid dari kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo. Subjek sejumlah 44 orang. Perubahan profil lipid pada antara kelompok terapi dan kelompok placebo untuk kadar kolesterol total, HDL, LDL, dan trigliserida adalah 14,82±6,946, 1,45±2,945, 6,98±8,105, 2,48±6,504 mg/dL. Campuran ektrak berefek menurunkan kolesterol darah dan kadar LDL secara bermakna (P<0,05).

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ABSTRACT

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors that can trigger the development of cardiovascular disease, especially coronary heart disease. One of the traditional drugs used for hypercholesterolemia is a combination of herbs celery (Apium graveolens) and garlic (Allium sativum).

This study aims to describe the effects of the extract on lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Subjects consisted of patients with traditional medicine clinic in Jakarta. Each subject received treatment tablets containing extract and placebo table corresponding groups. On the subject examined lipid profile, ie blood levels of total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides. Do paired two-tailed t-test to test the difference between lipid profile of the therapy group and the placebo group. The subject of a number of 44 people. Changes in the lipid profile between the treatment groups and the placebo group for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides was 14,82 ± 6,946;1.45 ± 2,945;6,98 ± 8,105;2,48 ± 6,504 mg/dL. A mixture of extracts affect blood cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly (P <0.05)."

"Penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya pengarub pemberian jus anggur 300 gram per hari selama dua minggu terhadap kadar NO serum laki-laki dan perempuan dengan kadar kolesterol total batas tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuab field trial, membandingkan Ul subyek dalam kelompok yang mendapatkan jus anggur disertai penyuluhan TIC (P) dengan 17 subyek dalam kelompok yang hanya mendapatkan penyuluhan 1LC (K). Subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan randomisasi sederhana. Data yang diambil melipoti usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat hiperkolesterolemia dalam keluarga, akrivitas fisik, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), asupan energi, lernak, kolesterol, serat, dan polifenol dengan food record. Pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total dan NO serum dilekukan di awal dan ekhir perlekuan. Analisis data menggunakan uji t tidak berpasangan dan uji Mann Whitney dengan batas kernaknaan 5%. Sebanyak 18 subyek pada kelompok P dan 14 subyek pada kelompok K, dengan rerata usia 35,57±5,20 tahun mengikuti penelitian secara lengkap. Indeks akrivitas fisik subyek kedua ke!ompok termasuk di bawah rata-rata. Data awal tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna (p>O,OS). Setelah dua minggu perlakuan, didapatkan persentase asupan energi terbadap kebutuhan energi total termasuk kategori cukup pada kelompok perlakuan dan kurang pada kontrol. Asupan lemak total dan kolesterol kadua kelompok adalah tergolong cukup. Asupan serat tergolong kurang. Terdapat perbadaan bermakna asupan polifenol pada kedua kelompok selama perlakuan (p<0,05). Terdapat peningkatan kadar NO serum sesudab perlekuan pada kedua kelompok yang tidak berbeda bermakna (p>O,OS), bahkan terdapat penurunan kadar kolesterol total serum pada kedua kelompok sesudah perlekuan meskipun tidak berbeda bermakna (p>0,05) dan masih dalam kategori batas tinggi. Pemberian jus anggur 300 gram per han tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna peningkatan kadar NO serum antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grape juice (that made from 300 grams of grapes per day) during two weeks on serum NO level in male and female subjects with borderline high total cholesterol level. The study was a field trial Thirty five subjects were selected using certain criteria and randomly (simple randomization) divided into two groups. The treatment group (n=18) received grape juice and nutrition counseling; the control group (n=l7) received nutrition counseling. Data obtained directly from the subjects were age, gender, history of hypercholesterolemia in .subject's family, physical activity, and body mass index, intake of energy, fat, cholesterol~ fiber and polyphenol using food record. Laboratory findings of serum NO level and total cholesterol level were done before and after intervention. For statistical analysis, unpaired t-test and Mann Whitney were used with the level of significance was S%. Eighteen subjects in the treatment group and fourteen subjects in the control group completed the study and analyzed. Mean of age was 35.57±5.20 years old. The physical activity index of bath groups were low. The characteristics of the two groups were closely matched at base line (p>O.OS). After two weeks intervention, subjects? energy consumed in the treatment group achieved the recommended diet, while in the control group was below. The average intake of total fat and cholesterol in both groups achieved the recommended diet, but the fiber intake were below. The average intake of polyphenol in the treatment group was increased significantly than the control group (pQ.05). There were decreased on serum total cholesterol level in bath groups, although not statistically significant (p>O.OS). The effect of gyape juice for two weeks did not significantly increase serum NO level in the treatment group."

"Kurangnya pemahaman mengenai makanan sehat dan gaya hidup saat ini telah menjadi faktor yang mengarah pada penyakit metabolik, seperti hiperkolesterolemia. Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko aterosklerosis dan sering disebabkan oleh asupan makanan, terutama konsumsi tinggi lemak dan asam lemak jenuh saturated fatty acids, SFA sedangkan asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal monounsaturated fatty acid, MUFA dan asam lemak tidak jenuh jamak polyunsaturated fatty acid, PUFA diketahui memiliki korelasi negatif terhadap risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara asupan asam lemak jenuh dan tidak jenuh dengan kadar kolesterol LDL dan apolipoprotein B apoB darah pada karyawan laki-laki hiperkolesterolemia berusia 19-49 tahun. Penelitian ini diikuti oleh 52 subjek, pengumpulan data asupan makanan menggunakan metode food recall 24 jam dan semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire SQFFQ , pemeriksaan antropometri untuk mendapatkan indeks massa tubuh IMT dan lingkar pinggang, dan pemeriksaan darah untuk mengetahui kadar kolesterol LDL dan apoB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar kolesterol LDL memiliki korelasi yang bermakna dengan asupan SFA tetapi tidak dengan asupan lemak total, MUFA, dan PUFA. Kadar apoB memiliki korelasi yang bermakna dengan kadar kolesterol LDL tetapi tidak dengan asupan lemak total, SFA, MUFA, dan PUFA.

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Lack of understanding about healthy food and today lifestyle have been issues towards metabolic diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors in atherosclerosis and often caused by dietary intake, especially consumption of high fat and high saturated fatty acids SFA while monounsaturated fatty acids MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA intake are known inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease CVD risks. This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the correlation between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids intake with serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol LDL C and apolipoprotein B apoB levels in hypercholesterolemic male employees aged 19 to 49 years. The study was conducted using 52 subjects, data collection of food intake using 24 hour food recall and semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire SQFFQ , anthropometric measurements for body mass index BMI and waist circumference WC , and blood examination for serum LDL C and apoB levels. The result of this study showed that LDL C levels was correlated with SFA intake but not with total fat, MUFA and PUFA intake. ApoB levels was correlated with LDL C levels but not with total fat, SFA, MUFA and PUFA intake."

"Kulit buah delima (Punica granatum Linn) mengandung senyawa asam elagat yang potensial sebagai SERMs alami. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian fraksi air kulit buah delima (FA) bermanfaat sebagai terapi hormonal pada defisiensi estrogen, dibandingkan dengan obat standar 17- estradiol dan tamoxifen. Metode ovariektomi digunakan untuk mewakili kondisi hipoestrogen menggunakan 42 tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley usia 50 hari yang diinduksi osteoporosis selama 21 hari (kecuali sham), dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok: sham; OVX; OVX-estradiol (0,1 mg/kg BB, p.o.); OVX-tamoxifen (10 mg/kg BB p.o.); OVX-FA dengan variasi dosis 50; 100; dan 200 mg/kg BB, p.o). Perlakuan diberikan setiap hari selama 28 hari.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dibandingkan kelompok OVX, kelompok FA dosis 200 mg/kg BB mengalami peningkatan rerata kadar hormon estradiol darah (pg/ml) dari 46,11 + 3,301 menjadi 91,78 + 18,382 (p<0,05), peningkatan rerata kadar kalsium darah (mg/dl) dari 379,38 + 55,684 menjadi 475,43 + 38,321 (p<0,05), peningkatan rerata kadar fosfor darah (mg/dl) dari 30,74 + 21,697 menjadi 74,96 + 8,413 (p<0,05) dan rerata penambahan bobot badan tikus (gram) berkurang, dari 77,28 + 22,979 menjadi 32,55 + 18,408 (p<0,05). Sedangkan rerata kadar kolesterol total darah (mg/dl) kelompok FA dosis 50 mg/kg BB mengalami penurunan (p<0,05) (79,66 + 10,936) dibandingkan kelompok OVX (102,82 + 5,761). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian FA mampu meningkatkan kadar estradiol darah yang berefek pada penurunan kadar kolesterol total darah dan mengurangi penambahan bobot badan pada tikus ovariektomi serta berefek pada parameter yang terkait bone remodelling yaitu mampu meningkatkan kadar kalsium darah dan mempertahankan homeostatis kadar fosfor dalam darah.

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Pomegranate pericarp contain ellagic acid which potential as natural SERMs. This study aim to determine whether administration of pomegranate pericarp water fraction (FA) useful as hormonal therapy for estrogen deficiency, compare to 17-estradiol and tamoxifen, with forty-two-50-days-old female, 21 days-induced osteoporosis (except sham), assigned into 7 groups: SHAM; OVX; OVX-estradiol (0,1 mg/kgBW); OVX-tamoxifen (10 mg/kgBW); OVX-FA (50; 100 ; and 200 mg/kgBW). Treatment was given for 28 days.The results showed, compared to OVX, administration of FA 200 mg/kgBW increased blood estradiol hormones levels (pg/ml) from 46,11 + 3,301 to 91,78 + 18,382 (p<0,05), increased blood calcium levels (mg/dl) from 379,38 + 55,684 to 475,43 + 38,321 (p <0,05), increased blood phosphorus levels (mg/dl) from 30,74 + 21,697 to 74,96 + 8,413 (p <0,05) and reduced body weight gain (gr) from 77,28 + 22,979 to 32,55 + 18,408 (p<0,05). While at FA 50 mg/kgBW, blood total cholesterol levels (mg/dl) is decreased (p<0,05) (79,66 + 10,936) compare to OVX (102,82 + 5,761). Administration of FA increase blood estradiol levels, decrease blood total cholesterol levels, reduce body weight gain of ovariectomized rats, and on parameters related to bone remodeling it can increase blood calcium levels and maintain homeostatic of blood phosphorus levels."