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Ardimas
"Banyak kemajuan berarti yang dialami oleh Pers Indonesia sejak tahun 1960-an sampai sekarang. Kemajuan itu tampak pada perubahan pola pengelolaan perusahaan pers dari manajemen keluarga kepada manajemen modern dan pergeseran etos pers dari Pers Perjuangan yang penuh idealisme dan kental wama politik kepada Pers Bisnis yang menekankan usaha mencari untung, akumulasi modal bagi pemilik dan kesejahteraan karyawan. Tahun 1980-an Pers Indonesia telah memasuki era industri pers yang ditandai oleh perusahaan pers yang semakin padat modal dan sarat teknologi serta konsentrasi kepemilikan. Beberapa perusahaan pers berkembang menjadi konglomerat pers selama kurun waktu tiga dekade belakangan, meskipun jumlah perusahaan pers yang `jalan di tempat' jauh lebih banyak. Ironis memang.
Tujuan penelitian studi kasus yang menggunakan teori Ekonomi Politik Media ini adalah untuk meneliti kiat KKG mengelola sekitar 50 media cetak, lebih dari 3000 pekerja media dan sembilan buah perusahaan percetakan, ditinjau dari sistem pengelolaan redaksi dan bisnis.
Hasil penelitian ini mencatat beberapa faktor yang tali-temali dibalik keberhasilan usaha KKG yang fenomenal, yakni manajemen redaksi dan bisnis yang baik, adaptasi teknologi yang tinggi, SDM yang berkualitas, kejelian pengelola melihat peluang usaha dan kemampuan pengelola menyesuaikan diri dengan pandangan elit politik dan penguasa. Faktor yang terakhir adalah salah satu syarat bagi perusahaan pers untuk hidup di era Orde Baru yang otoriter.
Temuan lain adalah pembredelan Kompas oleh penguasa tahun 1978 hanyalah pemicu yang mendorong KKG untuk mempercepat program diversifikasi usaha yang salah satu dampaknya adalah sistem kepemilikan silang. Kasus kepemilikan silang media oleh KKG yang menonjol tentu pemilikan suratkabar, majalah, tabloid, radio dan televisi di satu kota, yakni Jakarta.
Yang menarik adalah tidak ditemukan bukti bahwa media yang ada di KKG ada di bawah satu redaksi dan melakukan daur ulang berita sehingga mengarah pada homogenisasi informasi dan berita. Temuan lain yang tidak kalah menariknya adalah tidak ada tanda-tanda yang menunjukkan bahwa program perluasan jangkauan usaha KKG akan berhenti, meskipun pangsa pasar surat kabar milik grup in sudah mencapai 20 persen dan majalah tabloid mencapai 30 persen.

The Indonesian media industry has made significant achievements in the past three decades. The achievements can be seen from a change in the system of management of mass media companies from family management style to modem management and a shift in press ethos from "Pers Perjuangan", which is full of idealism and political nuances to "Business Press" which focuses on efforts to earn profit, accumulate capital for the owners and improve the welfares of the employees. In the 1980s the Indonesian press entered the era of "Press Industry", which was marked by the intensive use of capital and technology. Several companies have even grown into media conglomerates, although many have not made any progress at all. This case is ironic.
The aim of this research, which uses the theory of Political Economy of the Media, is to study the strategy of Kompas Gramedia Group (KKG) in managing around 50 print media companies, more than 3,000 media workers and nine printing companies seen from the management of its editorial and business departments.
The research findings document a number of interwoven factors behind the phenomenal success of KKG, among others sound management of editorial and business departments, adaptation to technological developments, qualified human resources, entrepreneurship of the owners and adaptability of the management to political leaders and the authorities in power. The latter was a prerequisite for a press company to survive in the era of the authoritarian New Order regime.
Other findings showed that the ban of Kompas by the authorities in 1978 served as a trigger which drove KKG to speed up its diversification program that led to cross-ownership. The most prominent example of media cross-ownership in KKG is the ownership of a newspaper, magazines, tabloids, a radio station and a television company in one city - Jakarta.
The most interesting finding is that the researcher did not find sufficient evidence that proved media companies in the KKG were under one editorial department and were recycling news that led to homogenization of information and news. The other important finding is that there is no indication that the process of media expansion in KKG will slow down or stop, even though the group has acquired 20 percent of the newspaper market and 30 percent of the market for magazines and tabloids.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2002
T138
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aritasius Sugiya
"Tesis ini membahas strategi transformasi konvergensi dan implementasinya di harian Kompas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode diskriptif dan menggunakan teknis analisis naratif dan tematik. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa multimedia, multichannel, multiplatform (3M) merupakan salah satu strategi transformasi konvergensi media; implementasi strategi transformasi konvergensi media disesuaikan dengan kemampuan berinvestasi, konteks kebutuhan, dan budaya, serta tidak terjebak pada persoalan teknis semata. Konvergensi kontekstual dan repackaging menjadi model baru strategi transformasi konvergensi media.

The thesis discusses about the strategy of media convergence and its implementation on "Harian Kompas". The research uses qualitative approach with descriptive method, narrative analysis technique and thematic. The result of this research revealed that multimedia, multichannel, multiplatform (3M) is one of the strategy of media convergence transformation. The implementation of the strategy of media convergence transformation adapted with the ability to invest, the context of necessity and culture, and not trapped in a purely technical issue. The contextual convergence and repackaging becomes the new model of media convergence transformation strategy."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2012
T30774
UI - Tesis Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Febianca Putri
"Saat ini, internet dan telepon seluler telah menjadi tantangan baru bagi industri cetak, dan fenomena ini masih akan terus berlanjut. Digitalisasi sebagai hasil dari fenomena telah menantang perusahaan media cetak. Penelitian menganalisis manajemen media pengelolaan media digital yang diterapkan oleh Femina Group melalui konsep dynamic capabilities dan logika pengambilan keputusan (Johansson, 2015). Konsep dynamic capabilities diambil sebagai strategi utama untuk menganalisis bagaimana manajemen media cetak bertahan di era digital. Kemampuan dinamis ini dibagi menjadi tiga bagian: kemampuan sensing, seizing, dan reconfiguring. Penelitian menjelaskan bahwa Femina Group memiliki kemampuan dinamis yang kuat dalam proses sensing dan seizing, sedangkan proses reconfiguring perushaan mengalami penurunan kualitas aset melindungi aset. Dalam pengambilan keputusan logika, terlihat perusahaan menggunakan keputusan logika efektif dalam menentukan keputusan antara lain terkait konten, marketing, dan inovasi.

Nowadays, the internet and mobile phones have become a new challenge for the print industry, and this phenomenon will still continue. Digitalization as a result of phenomena has challenged print media companies. The study analyzed media management of digital media management applied by Femina Group through the concept of dynamic capabilities and decision-making logic (Johansson, 2015). The concept of dynamic capabilities is taken as a key strategy for analyzing how print media management survives in the digital age. This dynamic capability is divided into three parts: the ability of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring. The research explains that Femina Group has strong dynamic capability in sensing and seizing process, while reconfiguring process of company decreasing asset quality protecting assets. In making logic decisions, it appears that companies use effective logic decisions in determining decisions such as content, marketing, and innovation."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2018
T50014
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Jauharul Anwar
"Tesis ini membahas praktik pengemasan media sebagai suatu bentuk dialektika terhadap arena politik Indonesia pasca-Orde Baru, khususnya arena pemilihan presiden (Pilpres) 2014. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kasus Harian Kompas, tesis ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik pengemasan itu tidak dapat dilepaskan dari posisi dan peran pemilik sekaligus pendiri Harian Kompas melalui nilai dan gaya pemberitaan yang dibangunnya sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan praktik pengemasan di arena Pilpres 2014. Hal itu tidak lain untuk mempertahankan posisi dominan Harian Kompas di arena jurnalistik pasca-Orde Baru yang semakin kompetitif dan padat modal ekonomi sekaligus untuk membentuk opini publik mengenai kontestan Pilpres 2014 yang layak menjadi presiden Indonesia. Akan tetapi, kondisi demikian membuat dukungan terhadap Jokowi-JK yang dianggap sebagai figur yang humanis dan sejalan dengan nilai humanisme sebagai nilai pemberitaan Harian Kompas dilakukan secara implisit melalui strategi pengenaan simbolik yang memperkuat opini publik terhadap figur tersebut sebagai kandidat yang layak menjadi presiden dan wakil presiden.

This thesis describes the packaging practice of media as a dialectical form to the political field of post-New Order in Indonesia, particularly in the Presidential Election 2014's Field. Using the qualitative method, through a case study of Kompas Daily, this thesis show that the packaging practice of Kompas Daily cannot be separated from the position and role of both the owner and the founder through his news value and news style that he build up as a news guidance for packaging practice in Presidential Election 2014?s Field. The purpose was to maintain Kompas dominant position in the journalism industry in post-New Order era which was very competitive and capital-intensive, and also to shape public opinion about candidates of presidential election 2014 who deserves to be the next president of Indonesia. However, these conditions make support for Jokowi-JK which was regarded as a humanist figure and in line with the Kompas?s news value implicitly declared by the symbolic strategies that strengthening public opinion about these figures as appropriate president and vice president canditates.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2016
T45836
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yohanes Eko Wahyu Setiawan
"Penelitian kualitatif ini mendeskripsikan mengenai konstruksi pemberitaan kejahatan narkotika di Indonesia oleh media cetak KOMPAS selama Oktober 2009 hingga Juni 2010. Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa media construction of crime yang dibangun cenderung mendukung upaya penanggulangan dan pemberantasan kejahatan narkotika yang dilakukan oleh Negara. Negara melalui pihak berwenang (BNN, POLRI, Bea dan Cukai) dikonstruksikan amat serius terkait upaya penanggulangan dan pemberantasan narkotika. Adapun moral panic turut digunakan dalam mengkonstruksikan bahwa kejahatan narkotika pada kondisi mengkhawatirkan dan menjadi ancaman serius bagi masyarakat berdasarkan pandangan pihak berwenang. Oleh sebab itu, konstruksi yang dibangun dominan berdasarkan nilai berita kejahatan threshold, simplification, predictability dan risk.

This qualitative studies describing about media construction of narcotic crime news in Indonesia by KOMPAS newspaper during Oktober 2009 till June 2010. This studies shown that developing of media construction of crime tend to support the government program and policies against narcotic crime. The government as an authority institution (BNN, POLRI, Bea dan Cukai), has constructed to be very serious against narcotic crime. In this studies, the news report also use moral panic to construct that narcotic crime had been very serious threat for public and dangerous situation based on the authority perception. Because of that, the construction has been developt based on dominant crime news values, such as threshold, simpilification, predictability, and risk."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2011
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Open  Universitas Indonesia Library
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R. Agus Suprihanto Soerono
"Masalah Penelitian:
Kasus-kasus pencemaran lingkungan hidup belakangan ini kian banyak terungkap di lapangan baik berupa polusi udara, air maupun alam pada umumnya.
Polusi udara yang terjadi pada waktu musim kemarau biasanya berupa kabut asap yang terjadi di Sumatera atau Kalimantan Barat.
Selain peladang berpindah, yang biasanya dituding melakukan pembakaran hutan adalah pengusaha yang sudah mengantungi izin perkebunan kelapa sawit yang ingin melakukan land clearing secara mudah, murah dan cepat, sehingga bisa menanam benih kelapa sawit tepat waktu ketika musim hujan tiba.
Belakangan ini fungsi media massa sebagai sarana hiburan semakin meningkat, terutama dengan munculnya berbagai stasiun televisi yang menambah khazanah media elektronik di tanah air.
Di bidang lingkungan hidup dalam fungsinya sebagai sumber informasi media massa berperan untuk melakukan kontrol sosial (watch dog) terhadap perusahaan yang melakukan pencemaran atau perusakan terhadap lingkungan hidup.
Metode Penelitian: Dengan Content Analysis/Analisis Isi dan metode survey/kuesioner di Kelurahan Menteng dan Kelurahan Jelambar.
Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah:
Untuk mengetahui peranserta media massa, khususnya media cetak terhadap masalah-masalah lingkungan hidup dan manfaat tulisan-tulisan di media massa tersebut terhadap masyarakat serta mengenai kesadaran masyarakat terhadap masalah lingkungan.
Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan data yang diperoleh dan penelitian ini, maka kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah:
1. Peran serta media massa, khususnya media cetak dalam penyebaran berita-berita/tulisan-tulisan mengenai masalah-masalah lingkungan ternyata sangatlah kecil. Ini terlihat dari kecilnya persentase pemuatan tulisan mengenai masalah-masalah tersebut (tidak sampai 1%).
2. Pemberitaan media massa belum memberi manfaat yang besar terhadap pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Hal itu terlihat dari persentase responden yang membaca masalah lingkungan hidup hanya 13%. Sikap masyarakat belum banyak terpengaruh oleh pemberitaan media massa mengenai lingkungan hidup. Hal itu terlihat dari responden yang menjawab dengan berbagai alasan untuk tidak menerapkan pengetahuan mengenai lingkungan hidup yang diperolehnya dari media massa dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.
Saran
1. Insan Pers perlu mendorong media massa cetak untuk meningkatkan intensitas pemberitaan mengenai lingkungan hidup. Dorongan pemerintah dalam era reformasi sulit diterapkan dalam era reformasi, karena pemerintah tidak mempunyai wewenang lagi sekuat seperti pada zaman Orba yang bisa mencabut SIUPP suatu Koran.
2. Para Redaktur-sebagai pelaku utama pengambil keputusan-di ketiga media cetak tersebut perlu meningkatkan intensitas pemberitaan mengenai masalah lingkungan di media masing-masing. Sehingga semboyan: think globally, act-locally benar-benar bisa diwujudkan.
The Role of Mass Media in Socializing Environmental Aspect (Case Study in Three Newspaper published in Jakarta)Recently cases of environments pollution are increasingly uncovered in the field such as air pollution, water pollution as well as the nature in general.
Air pollution in the dry seasons usually known as cloud fog that occurs in Sumatera Island or West Kalimantan. The smoke fog usually occurs because of fired forests that cause air pollution in the neighboring countries such Malaysia and Singapore. Because of the air pollution by the smoke fog make the neighboring countries deliver a protest to Indonesian Government.
If we make an exploration, apparently the fired forest is caused by shifting cultivation that wants to make land clearing for their swidden agriculture areas.
Besides that, the next person that accused doing the forest fired are the entrepreneurs that hold approval to build palm field who want to do land clearing easily, chip and rapid, so they can engage in planting the palm seed on time when the rain season come.
While the pollution in the big city that occurs because of the smoke form the muffler of the vehicle that mixed with lead. Pollution of the vehicle is aggravated by the sum of the vehicle those own by the people.
As well as the pollution that occurs in the environment near industries that throws the wastewater to the rivers, to the ground or release to the nature without chemically treatment process. The more over is pollution from the waste of the household to the water bodies such as lake, dam, river, pond or water channel. Those because of the People?s manner that used the water bodies as place to defecation or used the water bodies as `huge septic tank' for their closet in the household.
Whereas in the other edges the people also used the water bodies as water resources for daily need. Recently the need of the environment conservation is felt increasing. Those because increasing of the sum of population of the people made bigger compression to the environment.
Problem Formulation
In the Article 3 of The Law No. 40/1999 about Press, enclosed that national press (mass media) have functions as:
1. As information resources
2. Education
3. Entertainment and
4. Social control.
Recently, entertainment function of mass media is increasing, mainly because of the establishment of new private television stations in the country.
Trend of uniting the education and information function lead to shape of new communication such as Infotainment and Edutainment. (Dahlan 1990:3-20). In the field of environment, int its function as information resources, mass media has important role to provide social control (watch dog) to the private sector those doing pollution or destroying the environment.
But in the context as watch dog, not all of the mass media play its role excellently. Maybe in the side of the management of the mass media less understand the meaning of the air pollutions problems, pollution of the physical or social environment, to be covered intensively.
The less understanding of environmental problems in the management of the mass media, make them not give suitable place for environment news.
Survey Methods:
- Content Analysis for environmental news those were enclosed in the Kompas, Republika and Sinar Harapan Daily Newspaper.
- Purpossive Sampling for wives in the slump area of Jelambar and exclusively area of Menteng.
Purpose of the survey:
- To identify the participation of mass media, especially printed newspaper on environmental problems and the benefit of the articles in mass media on society and about social awareness on environmental sustainability.
From the survey can be made conclusion that:
1. Participation of mass media especially printed mass media in spreading news/articles on environmental news very tiny. This can be seen from very little the percentage of contained in the publication on those issues.
2. Mass media coverage not yet gives bigger benefit on environmental sustainability. Those can be seen from the percentage of respondent only 13% reading environmental news. Society's attitude not yet influenced by newspaper coverage on environment. Those can be seen from the respondent that using various reason not to applicate their knowledge on environment they got from mass media on daily life.
Recommendations:
1. Mass media man need to push the mass media to increasing intensity of coverage on environmental news. Push from the government in reform era rather difficult to applicate, because the government has no power anymore as strong as Orba rezim that can banned license of a media.
2. Editors-as prime actor in decision making-in the three mass media need to increase the intensity of coverage on environmental issues in each media. So the motto: think globally, act locally can be realized.
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Depok: Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T 11844
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Yustinus Ade Stirman
"Kasus kerusakan atau pencemaran lingkungan terjadi hampir merata di setiap daerah dan mengakibatkan degradasi lingkungan baik lingkungan alam, sosial dan ekonomi akhir-akhir ini.
Kasus lingkungan itu, seperti penebangan liar (illegal logging) mengakibatkan total hutan yang rusak setiap tahunnya mendekati angka 57 juta hektar, dan membutuhkan dana rehabilitasi hingga Rp 285 triliun. dan negara menanggung kerugian hingga Rp. 31 triliun karena penebang liar (Majalah Harmoni No. 031Tahun 112004). Sampah juga menjadi masalah kota-kota besar di Indonesia seperti, Jakarta, Surabaya dan Makasar. Selain itu, pencemaran air tanah dan air permukaan juga terjadi beberapa kota besar di Indonesia.
Berdasarkan penelitian Puslit Kelautan ITB (1995), diprediksikan pada tahun 2010 akan terjadi "dead water" pada air permukaan akibat pencemaran. Bank dunia. pada tahun 1990 meneliti kualitas air tanah yang mengalami defisit 181 juta m3/tahun.
Sementara itu, menurut Bank Dunia jumlah kematian akibat pencemaran udara mencapai 12,6 persen (1996). Biaya kesehatan mencapai Rp. 2 triliun per tahun (Swis Contact:2002) dan biaya kesehatan karena debu Rp. 725.4 miliar setiap tahun (Bank Dunia : 1996).
Berdasarkan catatan WHO pada tahun 2001. Indonesia menempati peringkat lima dunia dalam hal pencemaran udara. Akibat pencemaran udara ini, diperkirakan setiap tahun angka IQ anak menurun secara drastis
Semakin parahnya kerusakan lingkungan Indonesia saat ini menuntut perhatian pers (surat kabar) dalam pemberitaan masalah lingkungan. Studi ini mengkaji penyajian surat kabar dalam memberitakan berita lingkungan
kepada pembacanya menurut frekuensi munculnya berita lingkungan berdasarkan tanggal berita, letak berita, rubrik, jenis berita, teknik penulisan, pentingnya berita, lokasi peristiwa, narasumber, kekritisan, kelengkapan dan sikap media terhadap lingkungan.
Berdasarkan hasil kajian dari pemberitaan itu dapat diketahui mana surat kabar yang ramah lingkungan dalam pemberitaannya. Untuk itu perlu dikembangkan tolok ukur surat kabar ramah lingkungan itu yang menjadi tujuan penelitian untuk diterapkan pada Kompas, Suara Pembaruan dan Media Indonesia.
Penelitian ini adalah expo facto dengan metode penelitian deskriptif dan teknik pengambilan sample secara purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menganalisis isi berita lingkungan Kompas, Suara Pembaruan dan Media Indonesia, tanggai 19 Mei - 20 Juni 2003. Validasi data untuk penelitian uji reabilitas dengan menggunakan rumus Halsti. Pengolahan datanya menggunakan metode SPSS.
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa lima parameter dapat digunakan sebagai tolok ukur surat kabar ramah lingkungan yaitu, frekuensi berita, berita utama, depth news, kekritisan berita dan kelengkapan berita

Environmental damage or pollution occurs recently in almost every region and degraded natural, social and economic environment.
In environment, illegal logging has damaged close to 57 million hectares of forests, which requires Rp 285 trillions to rehabilitate The state an annual lost of Rp 31 trillions because of illegal logging (see magazine of Harmoni No 03/Year 1/2004).
Garbage and pollution of ground and surface water problems become increasingly complicate in suffers like Jakarta, Surabaya and Makasar.
Based on the research of Marine Development and Research Center of the Institute of Technology Bandung (1995), it is predicted that in 2020 ?dead water? will be in surface water due to pollution. The World Bank in 1990 researched the quality of ground water that undergoes deficit 181 million m3/year.
Meanwhile according to the world Bank total death caused by due to air pollution has reached 12.6 percent (1996). The health cost has reached to Rp. 2 trillion annually (Swiss contact: 2002) and health cost caused by dust has reached Rp. 725.4 billion annually (the World Bank : 1996).
According to WHO in 2001, Indonesia is the fifth largest air polluting country of the world. Due to Air pollution, every year IQ score of children will reduce significantly (KLH).
This serious deterioration Indonesian environment today requires the press more serious attention. The press has given more space news of politics, economy or entertainment compared with a news environment.
The low concern of media is caused by the internal interest of the owner, editor, and journalists and external interests of market that influence editorial policies an environmental news.
According to McQuail (2000), in general mass media has two kinds of accountability; they are internal and external. The Internal accountability refers to the system of monitoring within in the environment of the media itself. The journalists' freedom of searching and writing news is bound with rules stipulated by the chairman and owner of the media which raises conflicts of intern. The external accountability of mass media is related to external parties like social institutions, communities and pressure groups.
Conflicts arise between the press's idealism and media's business when the media increasing is depending on advertisement and media?s circulation. Business considerations often influence the editorial policies of a newspaper in selecting news that meets market tastes, particularly than media that has yet to be established financially.
The editorial policies of a newspaper in environment is revealed by of frequency and quality of news presented to readers. And this will indicate the newspaper's commitment to the environment.
On the basis question arise, "what are the standards of environmental committed newspaper," and (2) which newspaper (Kompas, Suara Pembaruan and Media Indonesia) has met these standard? The answers to these questions are the focus of this study.
This study is done expo facto on the basis of descriptive method. The technique of purposive sampling is used and conducted to analyze environmental contents of news of Kompas, Suara Pembaruan and Media Indonesia, from May 19 to June 20, 2003.
Data validation is based on reliability tests and Halsti formulation. To process the data, is used SPSS method.
The Conclusions of study are five parameters can be used as standards of environmental committed newspaper. These are news frequency, headline news, dept news, news criticism, and news completeness.
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Program Pascasarjana Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T15252
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Ike Devi Sulistyaningtyas
"Dalam organisasi khususnya yang berkecimpung dalam bidang bisnis, kekuatan persaingan dalam menembus pasar bukan ditentukan dari menarik tidaknya peluang pasar. Lebih jauh lagi titik beratnya ada pada kapabilitas organisasi yang diperoleh melalui informasi yang dapat diakses dan dipahami oleh masyarakat. Kapabilitas dalam gambaran masyarakat kemudian melekat dan membentuk suatu penilaian berupa reputasi, yang pada gilirannya akan berimplikasi kembali kepada organisasi. Harapan mengenai rreputasi yang sengaja diciptakan oleh organisasi kadangkala tidak sejalan dengan penilaian yang muncul pada persepsi publik.
Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai reputasi PT Djarum yang terdapat dalam pemberitaan media cetak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif, dimana peneliti menaruh perhatian besar pada proses dan makna yang dimiliki masyarakat. Paradigma yang digunakan adalah interpretif dimana konsep struktur organisasi ditempatkan sebagai suatu rangkaian yang kompleks, hubungan semi otonomi yang mempengaruhi interaksi antar manusia. Dokumentasi berupa kumpulan berita di media eetak mengenai PT Djarum dipergunakan sebagai fokus utama pengumpulan data, selain wawancara dan observasi. Untuk mengurai makna terhadap issue pemberitaan di media cetak, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan semiotika.
Berdasarkan dokumen yang dimiliki oleh PT Djarum, maka peneliti memperoleh berita-berita mengenai PT Djarum sejak tahun 2002 sampai 2004 dengan muatan berita yang bcragam. Pada tahap denotasi, peneliti memaparkan makna denotasi dcngan mengkatekorikan berita dalam masing-masing tahun. Tahun 2002 dari 14 berita yang diperoleh penulis, hanya memuat 2 issue utama.Tahun 2003 terdapat 33 berita dan 2 surat pembaca, yang memuat 7 issue utama. Dan tahun 2004 terdapat 13 berita ditainbah 2 surat pembaca dengan 6 issue utama. Dari keseluruhan issue tersebut, terlibat khalavak atau kelompok publik yang akan mempengaruhi perkembangan dan kcmajuan PT Djarum. Kelompok publik tersebut adalah karyawan, pemerintah, konsumen, petani, pengecer, LSM, komunitas lokal, kelompok independen, dan masyarakat luas. Pada tataran berikutnya, berita-berita yang telah dikategorisasikan menurut issue yang berhubungan dan menghadirkan kelompok publik potensial dalam tiap-tiap issue tersebut kemudian diinterpretasikan.
Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari basil penelitian tentunya menjawab tujuan penelitian. (1) Kategorisasi issue, yaitu : (a) Issue Iklan PT Djarum, (B) Issue Serikat Buruh, (c) Issue Tanggung jawab social, (d) Issue lobbying PT Djarum dengan Pemerintah, (e) Issue Inovasi Produk Rokok PT Djarum (f) Issue prestasi PT Djarum (g) Issue bauran pemasaran dan komunikasi. (2) masing-masing publik membentuk reputasi yang berbeda, dimana dalam organisasi reputasi yang dibentuk bergantung pada pengalaman masing-masing publik. (3) Reputasi berdasarkan pemaknaan terhadap kategori issue di media cetak, yaitu : (a) Nilai-nilai dasar organisasi menjadi akar reputasi yang baik, (b) Performa tiap brand merupakan implementasi bauran pemasaran dan komunikasi, (c) Inovasi merupakan keunggulan bersaing, (d) Terjebak dalam iklan kreatif yang bertentangan dengan tats cara clan tats krama periklanan, (e) Issue bunch yang negati f ketika di blow up oleh media akan berdampak buruk bagi reputasi.
Adapun implikasi penelitian adalah (I) Implikasi akademis yaitu pergeseran konsep organisasi bisnis, menjadi konsep kapitalistik yang humanis, dan sensitivitas publik yang mudah berubah tidak dapat didefinisikan secara bake sebagai suatu sistem yang permanen. (2) Implikasi praktis yaitu riset tehadap media untuk memperoleh gambaran kualitas organisasi bisnis. Sedangkan rekomendasi penelitian adalah (1) Rekomendasi akademis yaitu pentingnya strategi teknis yang konkrit bagi upaya pembentukan reputasi organisasi, (2) Rekomendasi praktis yaitu (a) program yang konsisten nilai-nilai dasar organisasi, (b) Program komunikasi yang terbuka terhadap publiknya dan (c) Perlu banyak perhatian dan kemampuan ekstra dalam mengelola reputasi organisasi.
Secara keseluruhan hasil penelitian, oleh peneliti dinyatakan telah memenuhi tujuan penelitian. Dan akhirnya, disadari atau tidak bahwa pengelolaan reputasi akan melibatkan kualitas dan adanya interaksi antara organisasi, publik internal dan ekstemal."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2005
T21661
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Kawuryan, Megandaru W.
"[ABSTRAK
Setelah pemerintahan Orde Baru tumbang pemberitaan mengenai otonomi daerah mekar
bermunculan, media massa yang pada zaman Orde Baru jarang memberitakan mengenai isu
otonomi daerah berubah haluan menjadi gadrung memberitakan isu otonomi daerah, berbagai
berita bermunculan ada yang positif dan ada yang negatif, bermacam pertarungan wacana
mewarnai isu otonomi daerah di media massa.
Penelitian ini bermula dari rasa ingin tahu yang mendalam mengenai berbagai berita
tentang isu otonomi daerah yang muncul di media massa dan bagaimana media massa
melakukan konstruksi realitas terhadap isu otonomi daerah , selama ini penelitian mengenai isu
otonomi daerah banyak dilakukan oleh para ilmuwan yang berlatar belakang ilmu politik, ilmu
pemerintahan, ilmu administrasi negara, dan ilmu hukum, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh para
ilmuwan di atas lebih banyak bicara mengenai penerapan kebijakan otonomi daerah. Penelitian
mengenai isu otonomi daerah menggunakan perspektif ilmu komunikasi masih jarang bahkan
bisa dibilang langka, padahal peran media massa menurut Severin-Tankard (2007:15), adalah
membentuk opini publik. Para penganut mazhab konstruksionisme seperti Tuchman (1978),
Fisman (1980), dan Shoemaker (1996), melihat bahwa berita yang disiarkan oleh media massa
dapat membuat masyarakat mempunyai suatu sudut pandang dan mengkonstruksikan suatu
realitas suatu isu dalam masyarakat tak terkecuali isu otonomi daerah.
Penelitian dalam disertasi ini menggunakan perspektif interpretif. Perspektif ini dipilih
karena menurut Neuman (2006) teori konstruksi sosial merupakan ranah dalam perspektif
interpretif, untuk membedah teks dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisa teks framing,
model yang digunakan adalah framing Robert N Entman. Framing model Entman dipilih karena
dalam konsep Entman framing dapat dipakai untuk menggambarkan proses seleksi suatu isu,
serta menonjolkan beberapa aspek tertentu dari suatu realitas oleh media. Empat elemen
framing model Entman adalah pertama Define Problem merupakan bingkai utama atau master
frame, kedua Diagnose Causes dalam elemen kedua ini yang menjadi titik berat adalah siapa
aktor utama dalam suatu kejadian atau peristiwa, ketiga Make Moral Judgement adalah elemen
yang digunakan untuk melakukan pembenaran dengan memberikan berbagai argumentasi pada
pedefinisian masalah yang sudah dibuat, empat Treatment Recommendation adalah elemen yang digunakan untuk melihat apa yang sebenarnya dikehendaki oleh wartawan, bagaimana cara yang
akan dipilih untuk menyelesaikan suatu masalah.
Dalam disertasi ini ada 3 media yang diteliti yaitu harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional,
harian Kedaulatan Rakyat. Dipilihlah tiga surat kabar dengan orientasi yang berbeda, yaitu
pertama surat kabar Kompas sebagai surat kabar harian terkemuka nasional dengan tiras yang
besar, kedua surat kabar Jurnal Nasional sebagai surat kabar yang mempunyai kedekatan sejarah
dengan Partai Demokrat, ketiga surat kabar Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai surat kabar daerah yang
masih survive dan masih leading sampai saat ini.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan dalam level mikro yaitu ada perbedaan frame
pemberitaan harian Kompas, harian Jurnal Nasional dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mengenai
Isu Otonomi Daerah. Pada analisis pada level meso media terlihat faktor kepemilikan dan modal
masih cukup kuat dalam mempengaruhi frame media yang diteliti.
Analisis level makro dapat dibagi menjadi dua. Pada harian Jurnal Nasional analisa yang
lebih tepat adalah menggunakan pendekatan analisis instrumentalis atau strukturalis daripada
strukturasi karena pada harian Jurnal Nasional struktur organisasi media terlihat mengikat erat
human agent. Tidak terlalu cukup ruang bagi agen melakukan interplay terhadap struktur. Lain
halnya dengan harian Kompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat, yang dapat dibedah dengan
analisis strukturasi.
Dalam proses strukturasi dari tiga media yang diteliti, terlihat dua media yaitu harian
Kompas dan harian Kedaulatan Rakyat mampu merubah struktur dari sentralistik ke
desentralistik untuk isu Pemilihan Kepala Daerah Langsung dan Keistimewaan Yogyakarta,
meskipun harus diakui bahwa media bukan satu-satunya faktor yang diterminan dalam
perubahan struktur tersebut. Namun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa isi dari teks media dalam dua
isu tersebut memberikan kontribusi kepada eskalasi tekanan atau adanya akumulasi-akumulasi
tekanan terhadap penguasa;

ABSTRACT
After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.
Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reported
the issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle of
discourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .
This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in mass
media and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,
researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from political
science, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchers
from the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies on
regional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role of
mass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.
Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)
think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view and
construct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.
The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective was
selected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretive
perspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert N
Entman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framing
can be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of a
reality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problem
which is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is who
is the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to make
justification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have been
made, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, what
method will be chosen to solve a problem.
In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, Jurnal
Nasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected have
different orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, third
Kedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.
The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in the
reporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.
Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong in
influencing the frames of the studied media.
Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurate
analysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration because
in Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.
Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompas
and Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.
In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and Kedaulatan
Rakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct Regional
Head Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that the
media isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable that
the content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure or
accumulation of pressure on the authority;After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.
Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reported
the issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle of
discourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .
This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in mass
media and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,
researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from political
science, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchers
from the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies on
regional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role of
mass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.
Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)
think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view and
construct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.
The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective was
selected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretive
perspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert N
Entman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framing
can be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of a
reality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problem
which is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is who
is the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to make
justification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have been
made, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, what
method will be chosen to solve a problem.
In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, Jurnal
Nasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected have
different orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, third
Kedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.
The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in the
reporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.
Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong in
influencing the frames of the studied media.
Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurate
analysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration because
in Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.
Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompas
and Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.
In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and Kedaulatan
Rakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct Regional
Head Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that the
media isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable that
the content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure or
accumulation of pressure on the authority, After the New Order government fell, news on regional autonomy appeared everywhere.
Mass media which rarely reported regional autonomy issues during the New Order now reported
the issues all the time. Various news emerged, some positive and others negative. A battle of
discourse of regional autonomy issues appeared in the mass media .
This research was started by curiosity on various news on regional autonomy in mass
media and how mass media constructs the reality of regional autonomy issues. Until now,
researches on regional autonomy issues are mostly performed by researchers from political
science, government science, public administration, and legal science. Studies by researchers
from the fields above mostly discuss the implementation of regional autonomy policy. Studies on
regional autonomy issue using communication science perspective are still rare, while the role of
mass media according to Severin-Tankard (2007:15) is actually to form public opinions.
Observers of constructionism such as Tuchman (1978), Fisman (1980), and Shoemaker (1996)
think that news broadcasted by mass media can make people have a certain point of view and
construct a reality of an issue in the society, including regional autonomy issues.
The research in this dissertation used interpretive perspective. This perspective was
selected because according to Neuman (2006) social construction theory is a field in interpretive
perspective. To dissect texts, this study used framing text analysis. The model used was Robert N
Entman's framing. Entman's model of framing was selected because in Entman's concept framing
can be used to describe the selection process of an issue and emphasize certain aspects of a
reality by the media. Four elements of Entman's model of framing are first, Define Problem
which is the master frame, second, Diagnose Causes in the second element the emphasize is who
is the main actors in an event, third, Make Moral Judgment is an element used to make
justification by giving various argumentation in the definitions of the problems which have been
made, fourth, Treatment Recommendation is an element used to see what reporters want, what
method will be chosen to solve a problem.
In this dissertation, there are 3 media which were studied, i.e. Kompas newspaper, Jurnal
Nasional newspaper, Kedaulatan Rakyat newspaper. The three newspapers selected have
different orientations, i.e. first, Kompas as a famous national newspaper with huge readership second Jurnal Nasional as a newspaper with a history with the Democratic Party, third
Kedaulatan Rakyat as a local news paper which still survive and leads to this day.
The result of this study showed that at micro level there was frame difference in the
reporting of Kompas, Jurnal Nasional and Kedaulatan Rakyat on Regional Autonomy Issues.
Analysis at meso level showed that ownership and capital factors were still rather strong in
influencing the frames of the studied media.
Analysis at macro level could be divided into two. In Jurnal Nasional, more accurate
analysis used instrumentalist or structuralist analysis approach rather that structuration because
in Jurnal Nasional the structure of media organization seemed to tightly bind human agents.
Theer wasn't enough space for agents to perform interplay on the structure. Meanwhile, Kompas
and Kedaulatan Rakyat could be dissected by structuration analysis.
In the structuration process of the three media, two media, Kompas and Kedaulatan
Rakyat, were able to change the structure from centralistic to decentralistic for Direct Regional
Head Election and the Special Region Status of Yogyakarta, although the author admits that the
media isn't the only determinant factor in changing the structure. However, it's undeniable that
the content of media texts in those two issues contributed to the escalation of pressure or
accumulation of pressure on the authority]"
2015
D2063
UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
cover
Siregar, Ashadi
Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000
302.23 SIR b
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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