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"Purple sweet potato is rich in anthocyanin giving a potential application in food product development. However, anthocyanin is relatively unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage. Understanding the stability and bio-accessibility of anthocyanin during processing, storage and simulated digestion is very important. The study aimed to investigate changes in anthocyanin degradation during processing, storage and simulated digestion of purple sweet potato pasta. The pasta was prepared through several processing steps, i.e. steaming the tuber, steaming the dough formula, extrusion, drying and boiling. Anthocyanin was analyzed at every stages of processing and storage of the pasta. The durability of the pasta during storage was analysed using an accelerated shelf-life testing method at 30, 40 and 50ºC for 28 days. The study showed that anthocyanin content decreased during the whole stages of processing and storage, but slightly increased during steaming. The highest loss of the anthocyanin occurred in the boiling process. Based on resistance to stomach and intestinal conditions, the bio-accessibility of anthocyanin was better in the digestive system in the stomach than that in the intestines. The increased anthocyanin appeared again in the colon. This study provides useful information for designing an effective method to minimize an extensive loss of anthocyanin of purple sweet potato for food product development."

"Indonesia produces normal and “honey taste sweet potatoes” (HTSP), but soil properties and climate factors that govern the unique honey taste and its sugar content have not yet comprehensively evaluated. The objective of the study was to assess and evaluate the soil nutrients and climate factors generating honey taste of Cilembu Rancing cultivar. Soils and plant tissues were sampled at different elevations for various macro- and micro-nutrient analyses and that tubers for sugar analysis. Results showed that the most suitable climate to produce the highest vine and tuber weight, and total tuber sugar of the HTSP was monthly temperature of 21–22oC occurring at 870–917 m soil elevation with monthly rainfall of 96-199 mm. The K nutrient was responsible in part to the high production and total sugar as revealed by significantly positive correlation between soil available K against K content of leaves and tubers, fresh weight of vines and tubers, and total sugar of tubers. The honey taste was driven by type of dominant sugar: fructose > sucrose > glucose. The balance of N, P, K, Ca and Mg to support generation of HTSP for Rancing cultivar was 2,067, 25, 304, 1,824 and 260 mg kg-1 soil, respectively. Further, the content of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn micronutrient was 29, 177, 4 and 2 mg kg-1, respectively. Findings of climate factors and soil nutrients required by HTSP in this study could be used as a guidance to select the new areas for massive development of honey-taste sweet potato."

"Masalah lingkungan dari pembuangan limbah plastik turunan minyak bumi telah menjadi isu penting karena sifatnya yang sulit diuraikan. Oleh karena itu, upaya telah dilakukan untuk mempercepat tingkat degradasi material polimer dengan mengganti beberapa atau seluruh polimer sintetis dengan polimer alami. Pati merupakan salah salah satu polimer alami yang dapat digunakan untuk produksi material biodegradabel karena sifatnya yang mudah terdegradasi, melimpah, dan terjangkau namun memiliki kekurangan seperti kuatnya perilaku hidrofilik dan sifat mekanis yang lebih buruk. Untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekanis pada pati, sejumlah kecil penguat berupa bahan inorganik dan organik ditambahkan ke dalam matriks polimer. Oleh karena itu, bioplastik disiapkan dengan percampuran pati ubi jalar sebagai matriks, gliserol sebagai pemlastis, dan ZnO sebagai penguat logam dan kitosan sebagai penguat alami dengan metode melt intercalation. Distribusi kitosan dari hasil SEM terbukti mempengaruhi FT-IR, XRD, sifat mekanis, dan biodegradabilitas bioplastik. Ketika penguat kitosan divariasikan dari 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 %wt kekuatan tarik meningkat dari 12,81 kgf/cm2 menjadi 35,56 kgf/cm2; derajat elongasi menurun dari 43% menjadi 21,5% .Pada kombinasi penguat antara kitosan 9% dan ZnO 1% nilai kuat meningkat menjadi 40,03 kgf/cm2 , derajatnya elongasi menurun menjadi 10,40. Untuk WVTR pada bioplastik dengan penambahan kitosan 9% adalah 11,7 g/m2.jam.

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Environmental problems from petroleum derivatives waste has become an important issue because of difficult to decomposed. So, the eforts have done for increasing degradation time through replacement of synthetic polymer with natural polymer. Starch is as one of natural polymers that can be used to produce biodegradable materials due to its characters that easily degraded, abundant, and affordable. However, starch has several disadvantages such as strong hydrophilic behavior and worse mechanical properties. To enhance the mechanical properties and barrier properties of starch, a small amount of reinforcement in the form of inorganic and organic materials are usually added to the polymer matrix. Thus, bioplastics were prepared by mixing a sweet potato strach, glycerol, and ZnO as metal reinforcement and chitosan as natural reinforcement by the melt intercalation method. Distribution of chitosan from SEM affected the studies of FTIR, XRD, mechanical properties, and biodegradabilities. When chitosan was varied from 0. 1. 3. 6. 9 wt%, tensile strength increased from 12.81 to 35.56 kgf/cm2 while the degree of elongation decreased from 43% to 21.5% . In combination reinforcement chitosan 9% and ZnO 1% tensile strenght increased to 40.03 kgf/cm2, while the degree of elongation decreased 10.40 % . The WVTR in bioplastic with adding chitosan 9% is 11.7 g/m2.jam."

"Perkembangan plastik konvensional yang terbuat dari minyak bumi berbasis sintetis polimer yang tidak dapat terdegradasi di lingkungan atau terurai menyebabkan masalah serius bagi lingkungan. Plastik menjadi sumber utama pembentukan limbah karena memiliki kemampuan degradasi yang rendah. Penggunaan polimer yang berasal dari sumber daya terbarukan dan berkelanjutan untuk mengembangkan bioplastik merupakan alternatif yang inovatif. Bioplastik adalah plastik yang dapat digunakan layaknya seperti plastik konvensional, namun akan terurai oleh aktivitas mikroorganisme setelah terpakai. Pada penelitian kali ini, sumber polimer alami berasal dari pati tumbuhan berumbi. Pati yang digunakan adalah pati ubi jalar, sebagai penguat/pengisi (filler) digunakan ZnO dan Clay. Gliserol digunakan untuk mengubah polimer sesuai dengan yang diinginkan (pemlastis) yang disebut dengan Plasticizer. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode melt intercalation Sedangkan untuk menganalisis penelitian dilakukan pengujian morfologi; FT-IR, XRD, dan SEM, pengujian biodegradable dan pengujian mekanik ; Tensile Strenght dan Elongation, dan analisis WVTR. Ketika ZnO divariasikan dari 1 - 9% kekuatan tarik meningkat dari 24,80 kgf/cm2 menjadi 64,19 kgf/cm2. Begitu juga dengan Clay yang mengalami kenaikan dari 13,05 kgf/cm2 menjadi 40,22 kgf/cm2. Derajat elongasi ZnO mengalami penurunan dari 26,96% menjadi 6,00%. Begitu pula dengan Clay dengan penurunan dari 27,00% hingga 5,17%. Nilai WVTR bioploplastik/clay 6% sebesar 7,86(g/m2.jam).

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Development of conventional plastics made from petroleum-based synthetic polymers is hard to be degraded or decomposed in the environment and causing a serious problem to the environment. Plastic become the primary source of waste generation due to its low degradation ability. The use of polymers that derived from renewable and sustainable resources in developing an innovative bioplastic is a promising alternative. Bioplastic are plastics that can be used just like conventional plastic, but it can be decomposed by microorganism activity.

In this study, the source of a natural polymer is derived from starch bulbous plants. The starch used was sweet potato starch, while the filler used was ZnO and Clay. Glycerol is used in accordance to change the desired polymer, and called as plasticizers.

The method used in this study is the melt intercalation. To analyze the study, the morphology test such as FT-IR, XRD, and SEM was conducted, also the mechanical test and biodegradable test such as Tensile Strength, elongation test, and WVTR analysis. When ZnO was varied from 1-9%, the tensile strength is increased from 24.80 to 64.19 kgf/cm2 kgf/cm2. The bioplastic's tensile strength made from the clay filler also increase from 13.05 to 40.22 kgf/cm2 kgf/cm2. The bioplastic's elongation degree from ZnO filler is decreased from 26.96% to 6.00 % . Similarly, bioplastic's elongation degree from clay filler is decrease from 27.00 % to 5.17%.. WVTR values bioplastic/clay 6% is 7.86 (g/m2.hr)."