Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Ekstrak air Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) telah digunakan sebagai pengobatan tradisional pada terapi hipertensi. Banyak orang menggabungkan penggunaan ekstrak air HS dengan kaptopril sehingga dapat berpotensi menimbulkan interaksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh koadministrasi ekstrak air HS terhadap profil farmakokinetika kaptopril, tekanan darah, dan biomarkersistem renin angiotensin aldosteron (RAAS). Studi farmakokinetika dilakukan terhadap empat kelompok tikus (n = 6). Kelompok I menerima suspensi kaptopril tunggal (CAP; 4,5 mg/200 g BB) sementara kelompok II, III, dan IV menerima koadministrasi ekstrak air HS (15 mg/200 g BB, 30 mg/200 g BB, dan 60 mg/200g BB) dan kaptopril 4,5 mg/200 g BB. Untuk pengukuran tekanan darah dan level biomarker RAAS, digunakan tujuh kelompok tikus (n = 6) berbeda yang terdiri dari satu kelompok sham dan enam kelompok tikus model 2K1C. Pada tikus model 2K1C, hipertensi diinduksi dengan pemasangan mikroklip stainless steel (ID: 0,20 mm) pada arteri ginjal kiri. Kelompok tikus model terdiri dari kontrol negatif (2K1C, tidak diobati), kontrol positif (4,5 mg/200 g BB kaptopril), ekstrak air HS tunggal (30 mg/200 g BB), dan 3 kelompok koadministrasi yang menerima ekstrak air HS (15, 30, atau 60 mg/200g BB) dan kaptopril 4,5 mg/200 g BB. Pemberian ekstrak dan kaptopril dilakukan secara peroral. Seluruh perlakuan dilakukan selama 2 minggu. Ketiga dosis koadministrasi ekstrak HS dapat mempengaruhi profil farmakokinetika kaptopril secara signifikan. Nilai AUC0-t, AUC0-, dan Cmax, pada kelompok tersebut mengalami penurunan, sementara nilai Cl/F dan Vd/F mengalami peningkatan. Seluruh pemberian terapi pengobatan menyebabkan penurunan tekanan darah secara signifikan mendekati kelompok sham. Level renin plasma, aktivitas serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), dan level angiotensin II plasma pada kelompok 2K1C mengalami kenaikan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok sham. Aktivitas serum ACE dan level angiotensin II plasma pada seluruh kelompok terapi mengalami penurunan signifikan dan nilainya mendekati kelompok sham. Ekstrak air HS tunggal dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, namun koadministrasi dengan kaptopril tidak memberikan efek tambahan. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian koadministrasi ekstrak air HS dengan kaptopril dapat mempengaruhi profil farmakokinetika kaptopril secara signifikan, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan tekanan darah dan level biomarker RAAS.

---

Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) extract has been used as traditional medicine during management of hypertension. Many people co-administered HS aqueous extract with captopril thus predispose herb-drug interaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of HS aqueous extract co-administration on the pharmacokinetic profile of captopril, blood pressure, and biomarker level of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS). Pharmacokinetic study was performed on four groups of rats (n = g). Group I received captopril suspension only (CAP; 4.5 mg/200 g BW), while group II, III, and IV received co-administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (15 mg/200 g BW, 30 mg/200 g BW, and 60 mg/200 g BW respectively) and captopril 4.5 mg/200 g BW. Blood pressure and biomarker level of RAAS measurement were performed on another 7 groups (n = 6), a SHAM group and six 2K1C groups. In 2K1C animals, hypertension was induced by placing a stainless micro clip (inner diameter of 0.20 mm) on left renal artery. The 2K1C animals consist of negative control (2K1C, no treatment), positive control (captopril 4.5 mg/200 g BW), HS aqueous extract (30 mg/200 g BW), and three co-administration groups receiving HS aqueous extract (15, 30, or 60 mg/200 g BW) plus 4.5 mg/200 g BW captopril. Extract and captopril administration were given by oral gavage. All treatments were performed for two weeks. Pharmacokinetic profile of captopril was changed significantly by all co-administration doses of HS aqueous extract. The AUC0-t, AUC0-, and Cmax value of those groups were decreased, conversely the Cl/F and Vd/F value were increased. Blood pressure was significantly reduced by all the drug treatments approaching the level of SHAM controls. Plasma renin level, serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity, and plasma angiotensin II level were also significantly elevated in the 2K1C group compared to the SHAM group. Both serum ACE activity and plasma angiotensin II level were significantly reduced approaching the SHAM group levels by all the drug treatments. HS aqueous extract can reduce blood pressure but may not provide any additional benefit. Therefore, we can conclude that co-administration of HS aqueous extract with captopril could affect the pharmacokinetic profile significantly, however it didnt have significant effect on the decrease in blood pressure and RAAS biomarker level."

"Bagi remaja kelompok usia 10 - 19 tahun, pendidikan kesehatan reproduksi merupakan pendekatan awal yang bersifat preventif. Pendekatan ini dilakukan dengan harapan agar remaja dapat menyayangi dan memelihara kesehatan reproduksinya, sehingga mereka terhindar dari hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan antara lain kehamilan pada usia muda dan akibat yang ditimbulkannya. Komsumsi gizi yang mencukupi, menjadikan remaja secara biologis lebih cepat tumbuh dibandingkan tahun-tahun yang lalu. Pengaruh arus globalisasi dan rasa ingin tahu yang menonjol perlu mendapat jawaban yang benar, agar mereka tidak salah menghadapi tantangan kebutuhan biologis yang meronta dalam pertumbuhannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen lapangan dengan desain dasar "non equivalent control group" dan diubah menjadi "modified control group" agar sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji univariat dan bivariat.Hasil penelitian : 1. Pengetahuan responden meningkat secara bermakna pada kedua metode. 2. Perubahan sikap hanya terjadi pada metode ceramah. 3. Metode ceramah lebih efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan responden. 4. Pendidikan dan pekerjaan ibu/bapak responden tidak tampak banyak berperan/berkontribusi dalam memberikan pengetahuan kesehatan reproduksi kepada anak remajanya. Kesimpulan : Kedua metode dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan responden, namun metode ceramah lebih efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dibandingkan metode simulasi; Kedua metode tidak berpengaruh kepada retensi memori responden. Saran : Agar remaja menyayangi dan memelihara kesehatan reproduksinya, maka pengetahuan tentang alat reproduksi pria dan wanita, hormon dan fungsinya, dan pola reproduksi sehat perlu diberikan pada siswa kelas II ke atas.;The effect of Game and Lecture Methods on the Reproduction Health EducationFor the teenagers of 10 - 19 years of age, reproduction health education is one of the preventive approaches to the sex related problems.

---

The objective of this approach is to make the teen-agers care and maintain their reproduction health, so that they will be prevented from facing certain problem such as young woman pregnancy and its related consequences. As the result of consuming nutritious food, the teen-agers can physically grow faster than those of the previous years. Their feeling of curiosity in sexual issues in addition to the influence of globalization upon them should be tackled in a correct manner so that they will be able to cope with their biological needs positively during the course of their growth. Statistical analysis is applied by using univariate and bivariate examinations.

The results of the research : 1. The respondents improves significantly after the application of the two methods, 2. The lecture method is, however, more effective in improving the knowledge of the respondent, 3. The alteration of attitude exists in the lecture method, 4. There is no indication that the professions and educational background of the parents have influenced the improvement of the knowledge on the reproduction health of their children.

Conclusion : The two methods can improve the knowledge of the respondent. The lecture method is however, more effective than the simulation method. The two method have no significant influence for the retention of the respondents' memories.

Suggestion : In order that the teenagers can care and maintain their reproduction health, it is suggested that the knowledge on the male and female reproduction organs, hormones and their functions, as well as healthy reproduction patterns be taught to the students of the second or higher grades of the secondary high schools."

"This textbook offers an insightful study of the intelligent Internet-driven revolutionary and fundamental forces at work in society. Readers will have access to tools and techniques to mentor and monitor these forces rather than be driven by changes in Internet technology and flow of money. These submerged social and human forces form a powerful synergistic foursome web of (a) processor technology, (b) evolving wireless networks of the next generation, (c) the intelligent Internet, and (d) the motivation that drives individuals and corporations. In unison, the technological forces can tear human lives apart for the passive or provide a cohesive set of opportunities for the knowledgeable to lead and reap the rewards in the evolved knowledge society.The book also provides in-depth coverage of the functions embedded in modern processors and intelligent communication networks. It focuses on the convergence of the design of modern processor technologies with the switching and routing methodologies of global intelligent networks. Most of the concepts that are generic to the design of terra-flop parallel processors and the terra-bit fiber-optic networks are presented. This book also highlights recent developments in computer and processor technologies into the microscopic and macroscopic medical functions in hospitals and medical centers."

"Pengembangan sistem monitoring radio frekuensi merupakan jawaban atas maraknya kasus pelanggaran terhadap penggunaan spektrum frekuensi di Indonesia. Pelanggaran-pelanggaran yang terjadi apabila tidak diatasi dengan segera akan mengakibatkan kerugian yang semakin besar bagi Negara. Namun pengembangan sistem monitoring tidak dapat berjalan dengan optimal. Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan sistem monitoring yaitu harga yang tinggi untuk implementasi sebuah stasiun monitoring. Harga sebuah stasiun monitoring yang tinggi menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong dikembangkan sistem portable monitoring frekuensi radio di Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengembangan sistem portable monitoring sebelumnya telah berhasil dilakukan pengukuran parameter frekuensi radio dan field strength. Pengembangan selanjutnya difokuskan untuk pengukuran parameter bandwidth pemancar stasiun radio FM. Didapatkan hasil pengukuran dilapangan, nilai bandwidth dan field strength akan baik bila pengukuran dilakukan di dalam wilayah cakupan pemancar stasiun radio yang ukur. Program pengukuran yang dikembangkan mampu melakukan pengukuran bandwidth radio FM pada test point yang telah ditentukan yaitu untuk stasiun radio Pop FM pada frekuensi 103 MHz.

---

Nowadays, the increasing number of spectrum-frequency violation happend in Indonesia. This will negatively impact our national income if there is no action taken. The development of the radio-frequency monitoring system is one of the solution to overcome this problem. However, the implementation of this system is expensive. Therefore, there is a low cost model for monitoring system which is the portable model. The development for portable radio monitoring system has been conducted for parameter FM frequency and field strength. This research work will focus on designing the bandwidth measurement program for FM radio station monitoring system. Based on field measurement result, the field strength and bandwidth can be obtained if the measurement is conducted inside the radio transmitter coverage. The Bandwith measurement program can succesfully measure the bandwidth from radio Pop FM at Frequency 103 MHz at several test points."