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Latar belakang: Prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori pada anak di Indonesia 8%- 52%. Gejala dominan pada anak dengan infeksi H. pylori adalah refluks gastroesofageal yang mengganggu kualitas hidup (penyakit refluks gastroesofageal/PRGE), yang secara definitf di diagnosis dengan pemeriksaan esofagogastroduodenoskopi (EGD). Untuk mengetahui infeksi dilakukan uji Rapid Urease Test (RUT) pada saat bedside, namun uji ini belum diketahui akurasinya Tujuan: Mendapatkan proporsi positif RUT pada biopsi lambung dibandingkan real-time PCR. Selain itu ingin diketahui karakteristik gambaran klinis, demografi, dan hubungan faktor risiko pada anak PRGE yang menjalani prosedur EGD. Metode: Penelitian potong lintang pada 46 anak dengan PRGE di RSCM dan RS MMC. Semua subyek menjalani RUT, real-time PCR dan histopatologi. Hasil: Anak perempuan berusia lebih dari 10-18 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan orangtua rendah mendominasi karakteristik subyek penelitian ini. Nyeri perut lebih dari 3 bulan, anemia, status nutrisi, orangtua dispepsia dan kepadatan kapling rumah pada penelitian ini tidak terbukti sebagai faktor risiko terhadap terjadinya PRGE. Namun, pola makan tidak teratur dan komsumsi makan berempah memengaruhi terjadinya gastropati pada lambung anak (p < 0,05). Proporsi positif RUT; 2,2% dan real-time PCR; 8,7%. Kesimpulan: Hasil negatif pada pemeriksaan RUT tidak menyingkirkan terjadinya infeksi H. pylori, terutama pada pasien dalam terapi proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Pemeriksaan lanjutan menggunakan real-time PCR dianjurkan untuk mendukung diagnosis ini.

 

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Background: The prevalence of detected Helicobacter pylori infection of children in Indonesia was 8%-52%. Gastroesophageal reflux was the dominant symptom and might be attributable to H. pylori infection which reduced quality of life. Current definitive diagnosis was using esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Rapid Urease Test (RUT) was used in bedside setting for H. pylori detection, however its accuracy was still unkown. Objectives: This study was done to determine the positive proportion of RUT on gastric biopsy specimens and real-time PCR. Moreover, this study explored the characteristics of clinical and demographic features, and examined the risk factors in children with GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) who underwent diagnostic EGD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 46 children diagnosed as GERD, admitted to the RSCM and MMC Hospital. All subject underwent RUT, real-time PCR and histopathology examination. Results: Most subjects are girls, more than 10-18 years with low parental education dominated the proportion of subject included in this study. According to abdominal pain more than 3 months, anemia, nutritional status, parental dyspepsia and crowded household were not proven to be risk factors for increase of GERD. However, irregular feeding habit and consumption of spicy foods were be associated with gastropathy in child’s gastric mucosa (p < 0,05). The positive proportion of RUT was 2.2% and real-time PCR was 8.7%. Conclusion: The negative result of RUT could not rule out of H. pylori infection, especially in patients with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Further examination using real-time PCR is needed to support the diagnosis.

 

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"Urtikaria kronik (UK) adalah urtikaria yang berlangsung lebih dari 6 minggu, dengan frekuensi minimal kejadian urtika sebanyak dua kali dalam 1 minggu. Urtikaria kronik merupakan penyakit yang umum dijumpai dengan insidens pada populasi umum sebesar 1-3%, serta melibatkan mekanisme patofisiologi yang kompleks. Urtikaria kronik lebih sering ditemukan pada orang dewasa dibandingkan dengan anak-anak dan wanita dua kali lebih sering terkena daripada pria. Laporan morbiditas divisi Alergi-Imunologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin (IKKK) Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia (FKUI)-Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) Jakarta antara Januari 2001 hingga Desember 2005 menunjukkan jumlah pasien UK sebesar 26,6% dari total 4453 orang pasien baru.Meski telah dilakukan pemeriksaan klinis maupun berbagai pemeriksaan penunjang, etiologi tidak ditemukan pada 80-90% pasien UK dan digolongkan sebagai urtikaria kronik idiopatik (UKI). Urtikaria kronik idiopatik seringkali menimbulkan masalah bagi dokter maupun pasien. Pada penelitian lebih lanjut ditemukan autoantibodi pelepas histamin pada 30-50% kasus UKI, sehingga digolongkan sebagai urtikaria autoimun (UA). Autoantibodi pada UA dapat dideteksi dengan beberapa pemeriksaan, antara lain uji kulit serum autolog (UKSA) atau disebut pula tes Greaves. Saat ini UKSA dianggap sebagai uji kiinik in vivo terbaik untuk mendeteksi aktivitas pelepasan histamin in vitro pada UA. Angka morbiditas UA di Indonesia belum pernah dilaporkan hingga saat ini. Soebaryo (2002) melaporkan angka kepositivan UKSA sebesar 24,4% pada 127 pasien UK, sedangkan Nizam (2004) memperoleh angka prevalensi kepositivan UKSA sebesar 32,1% pada 81 pasien UK.Infeksi kuman Helicobacter pylori (Hp) merupakan infeksi bakterial kronik tersering pada manusia, mencapai 50% dari seluruh populasi dunia. Peran infeksi Hp sebagai etiologi kelainan gastrointestinal telah diterima luas. Studi lebih lanjut menemukan keterlibatan infeksi Hp pada berbagai kelainan ekstragastrointestinal, antara lain UKI.Berbagai penelitian di Iuar negeri memperlihatkan tingginya prevalensi infeksi Hp pada pasien UKI, disertai dengan remisi klinis UKI pasca terapi eradikasi Hp. Pada penelitian-penelitian awal didapatkan angka prevalensi mencapai 80% dan remisi klinis pasta terapi eradikasi Hp terjadi pada 95-100% pasien. Pada penelitian-penelitian selanjutnya ditemukan prevalensi dan frekuensi keterkaitan yang bervariasi. Suatu studi meta-analisis mengenai infeksi Hp pada UKI menyimpulkan bahwa kemungkinan terjadinya resolusi urtika empat kali lebih besar pada pasien yang mendapat terapi eradikasi Hp dibandingkan dengan pasien yang tidak diterapi. Namun demikian, remisi total hanya terjadi pada 1/3 pasien yang mendapat terapi eradikasi. Pengamatan ini mendasari timbulnya pemikiran bahwa Hp berperan penting sebagai etiologi pada sebagian kasus UKI."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori yang masih tinggi di beberapa negara. Penelitian di Guang Zhou terjadi penurunan seroprevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori antara tahun 1993 2003 dari 62 5 menjadi 47. Studi prevalensi di salah satu RS swasta Jakarta menunjukkan penurunan prevalensi infeksi Helicobacter pylori dari 12 5 di tahun 1998 menjadi 2 9 di tahun 2005 Perlunya diketahui seroprevalensi dikomunitas saat ini apakah sesuai dengan penurunan yang terjadi pada penelitian berbasis rumah sakit dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi infeksi Helicobacter pylori di masyarakat. Tujuan: Mengetahui seroprevalensi dan faktor faktor sosiodemografis yang berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori. Metode: Studi potong lintang terhadap 111 pasien dispepsia yang berobat di Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru Jakarta Utara Januari-Februari 2015. Dilakukan analisa bivariat untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor faktor dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori menggunakan uji chi square dan uji T tidak berpasangan serta alternatifnya. Analisa multivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pada 111 pasien dewasa dengan keluhan dispepsia yang berobat ke Puskesmas Kelurahan Kalibaru didapatkan seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori sebesar 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Usia tidak berhubungan dengan infeksi Helicobacter pylori p 0 270. Semakin tinggi tingkat sosial ekonomi semakin rendah rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Semakin tinggi indeks kepadatan penduduk semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Semakin rendah clean water index semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Semakin rendah status sanitasi semakin tinggi rasio odds infeksi Helicobacter pylori OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19. Kesimpulan: Seroprevalensi Helicobacter pylori pada pasien dispepsia kelurahan Kalibaru sebesr 22 5 95 IK 14 8 30 2. Didapatkan hubungan antara sanitasi lingkungan dengan Helicobacter pylori.

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Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in some countries remains high. Study in Guang Zhou showed a decrease in seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori from 62 5 in 1993 to 47 in 2003. Prevalence studies in one of the private hospitals in Jakarta showed a decrease in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection from 12 5 in 1998 to 2 9 in 2005. It is important to know the seroprevalence in community nowadays and its related factors in society.

Objective: To identify seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its socio demogrphic related factors.

Method: A cross sectional study in 111 patients with dyspepsia who got treatment in Kalibaru Primary Health Care in North Jakarta from January to February 2015. A bivariate analysis was done to know relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors using chi square unpaired t test and their alternatives. Multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression test.

Result: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori of 111 dyspepsia patients who get treatment in Kalibaru Primary Helath Care in this study was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is no relationship between age and Helicobacter pylori infection p 0 270 Higher socio economic class was related to lower risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 0 2 95 IK 0 02-1 71. Higher crowding index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 2 95 IK 0 37-4 49. Lower clean water index was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 1 5 95 IK 0 57-4 04. Lower sanitation status was related to higher risk Helicobacter pylori infection OR 2 5 95 IK 1 01-6 19.

Conclusion: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patient with dyspepsia in Kalibaru village was 22 5 95 CI 14 8 30 2. There is a relation between sanitation and Helicobacter pylori infection. "

"Latar belakang: Dispepsia merupakan gangguan kesehatan yang sering ditemuierologi dan urin (RAPIRUN) dibandingkan dengan UBT sebagai baku emas dalam mengetahui infeksi H. pylori. Penelitian dilakukan pada pasien rawat jalan Puskesmas Kecamatan Koja Kotamadya Jakarta Utara. Yang dinilai adalah sensitivitas, spesivisitas, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) tes tersebut. Tujuan: Mengetahui akurasi diagnostik pemeriksaan non-invasif (serologi dan urin) dibandingkan dengan UBT (urea breath test) sebagai baku emas untuk mendeteksi infeksi H. pylori pada pasien dengan sindroma dispepsia. Metode: Penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui akurasi pemeriksaan non-invasif yaitu s H. pylori menunjukkan hasil positif pada 36,5% subyek, sedangkan pada pemeriksaan serologi (Mataram, Biomedika) didapatkan hasil positif sebanyak 32,4%. Pemeriksaan RAPIRUN (Rapid Urine Test, Otsuka) menunjukkan hasil positif pada 24,3% subyek. Pada serologi didapatkan sensitivitas 74%, spesifitas 91%, PPV 83%, NPV 86%. Sedangkan pada RAPIRUN didapatkan sensitivitas 63%, spesifitas 98%, PPV 94%, NPV 82%. Hasil: Selama kurun waktu April 2015 sampai Juni 2015, 74 subyek, dengan mayoritas perempuan (82,4%), dengan rerata umur 45,05 tahun menjalani pemeriksaan non-invasif. Pemeriksaan UBT sebagai baku emas diagnosis infeksi di pelayanan kesehatan. Infeksi Helicobacter pylori adalah salah satu penyebab dispepsia. Diagnosis infeksi H.pylori dapat dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan invasif dan non invasif. Pemeriksaan non invasif lebih mampu laksana, murah dan memiliki risiko yang lebih sedikit. Simpulan: RAPIRUN lebih unggul dalam hal spesifisitas dibanding serologi.

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Background: Dyspepsia is the common problem in the population. The main etiology of dyspepsia is Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of H. pylori infection is based on invasive examination and non-invasive examination. The non-invasive examination could be easier to do and have less risk than invasive examination.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the non-invasive test (serology and RAPIRUN) compared to UBT as gold standard examination to detect H. pylori infection in patients with dyspepsia syndrome.

Methods: A cross-sectional study for diagnostic H. pylori by using serology and Rapid Urine test (RAPIRUN) is conducted to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive test compared to UBT as gold standard examination in patients with dyspepsia syndrome. This study was conducted at outpatient Community Health Center in Koja District North Jakarta from middle April 2015 until Middle June 2015. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy.

Results: From mid-April 2015 to Mid-June 2015, 74 subjects, with the majority of patients was female (82.4%), and the mean of age was 45.05 years old, had undergone non-invasive test The UBT test as the gold standard examination for H. pylori infection showed positive result in 36.5% patients while the serology test resulting positive in 32.4%. The RAPIRUN test resulting positive in 32.4% patients. The sensitivity of serology test was 74%, specificity 91%, PPV 83%, NPV 86%, meanwhile the RAPIRUN test was resulting as sensitivity 63%, specificity 98%, PPV 94%, NPV 82%.

Conclusion: RAPIRUN has a high diagnostic value for H. pylori in specificity than serology."

"Helicobacter pylori is a globally significant pathogen that infects half of the population of the world. Its recognition enabled the development of new therapeutic and preventative strategies for serious health conditions such as gastric cancer, of which it is the major causative agent. Providing a broad overview of the current understanding of this pathogen and emphasizing its world health impacts, this book explores a range of topics including virulence factors, vaccine development and obstacles, epidemiology, antibiotic resistance and the role of Nod receptors, with a foreword by Barry Marshall, the Nobel Laureate and co-discoverer of H. pylori. It is an essential resource for researchers, students and medics in infectious and Helicobacter-associated diseases."

"Infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius, karena infeksi ini dihubungkan dengan serangkaian kelainan gastrointestinal seperti gastritis kronik, ulkus ventrikulus, ulkus duodenum, karsinoma gaster, hiperplasia folikel limfoid dan limfoma malignum (maltoma). Prevalensi H. pylori pada gastritis kronik dengan ulkus bervariasi antara 40% - 90% (1), sedangkan pada gastritis kronik tanpa ulkus antara 30% - 60% (2). Walaupun prevalensi cukup tinggi, tetapi terdapat kelompok yang menderita infeksi H. pylori tanpa menunjukkan gejala klinik yang bermakna (3,4). Mekanisme terjadinya kerusakan epitel mukosa lambung pada infeksi H. pylori masih diperdebatkan oleh para ahli apakah oleh efek langsung H. pylori terhadap sel epitel mukosa larnbung atau oleh reaksi inflamasi yang ditimbulkan, Chan (5) dan Hui (6) berpendapat bahwa kerusakan mukosa lambung merupakan akibat langsung dari H. pylori, dan tidak berhubungan dengan reaksi inflamasi, Genta (7,8) menemukan bahwa jumlah folikel limfoid dan limfosit pada lamina propria berhubungan dengan kerusakan epitel., sedangkan sebukan sel radang akut dan normalisasi epitel permukaan sejalan dengan densitas H. pylori. Hubungan antara atrofi kelenjar, metaplasia intestinalis dan kerusakan epitel permukaan lambung belum banyak dibicarakan, tetapi ada pendapat (9) bahwa: atrofi mukosa gaster ialah hilangnya jaringan kelenjar, sehingga menyebabkan tipisnya mukosa dan menyebabkan kerusakan keras mukosa. Hilangnya jaringan kelenjar ini dapat karena proses inflamasi yang lama dan digantikan oleh fibrosis. Pergantian epitel antrum dengan epitel intestinal disebut metaplasia intestinal yang menimbulkan kesan adanya atrofi kelenjar secara mikroskopik, walaupun metaplasia sebenarnya adalah proses yang berdiri sandhi. Atrofi mukosa oxyntic berhubungan dengan hilangnya sekresi asam lambung dan terjadinya metaplasia intestinal. Atrofi keras mukosa antrum biasanya dihubungkan dengan metaplasia intestinal dan meninggikan resiko terjadinya keganasan. Atrofi dapat juga ditemukan tanpa adanya metaplasia intestinal terutama pada gastritis autoimun. Penilaian derajat infeksi H. pylori dan perubahan patologi mukosa lambung yang meliputi sebukan sel radang mendadak dan menahun, metaplasia intestinal dan atrofi kelenjar pada sediaan biopsi lambung dapat juga untuk memprediksi prognosis gastritis kronik."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang : Risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) dikaitkan denganbanyak faktor yang terkait dengan pejamu-agen-lingkungan. Etnis adalah salahsatu faktor dari pejamu yang banyak diteliti di luar negeri. Prevalensi infeksiH.pylori didapatkan lebih tinggi pada etnis tertentu seperti misalnya di China.Berdasarkan teori Migrasi dan teori Transmisi diduga infeksi H.pylori akandibawa oleh penduduk yang bermigrasi dari daerah dengan prevalensi tinggi ketempat tujuan migrasi. Etnis Tionghoa di Kalimantan Barat berasal dari daerahChina Selatan dimana prevalensi infeksi H.pylori tinggi. Diperkirakan adaperbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnis Tionghoa dibandingkanpada etnis asli Kalimantan Barat, yaitu etnis Dayak.Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi, karakteristikepidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada subjek etnisTionghoa dan Dayak dengan sindrom dispepsia.Metode : Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui perbedaanangka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori. Penelitian dilakukan di RSU Santo AntoniusPontianak dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai Juni 2015 dengan metodepengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Angka prevalensi infeksiH.pylori disajikan dalam angka persentase, sedangkan perbedaan karakteristikepidemiologis dan perbedaan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada etnisTionghoa dan Dayak dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi-squaredengan tingkat kemaknaan (p) = 0,05.Hasil : Dari 203 subjek yang diteliti, terdiri dari 102 subjek etnis Tionghoa dan101 subjek etnis Dayak didapatkan angka prevalensi H.pylori sebesar 40,8%.Prevalensi pada etnis Tionghoa didapatkan lebih tinggi dibanding etnis Dayak,berturut-turut sebesar 48,0% dan 33,7%. Tidak ada perbedaan karakteristikepidemiologis dan temuan hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompoketnis.Simpulan : Terdapat perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori pada etnisTionghoa (48,0%) dibanding etnis Dayak (33,7%). Tidak ada perbedaankarakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi padakedua kelompok etnis.

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ABSTRACTBackground : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.;Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups., Background : Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated withmany factors related to host-agent-environment matter. Ethnicity is one of the hostfactors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pyloriinfection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based onmigration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection weretransmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection tothe destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South Chinaregion where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated thatthere are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinesecompared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese.Objective: To determine the differences in the prevalence, epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic finding between Chinese and Dayaknese withdyspeptic syndrome.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences inthe prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. AntoniusGeneral Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutivesampling method. H.pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentagenumbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findingdifferences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysisusing the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results : From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinesesubjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H.pylori infection was40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0%and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiologicalcharacteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions : The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%)is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in theepidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding among both ethnic groups.]"

"ABSTRAKHelicobacter pylori diperkirakan menginfeksi lebih dari setengah populasi orang dewasa. Deteksi dini H.pylori sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah berkembangnya infeksi menjadi keganasan lambung. Bentuk coccoid dari H. pylori sulit dideteksi dengan kultur dan histopatologi, namun dapat terdeteksi dengan metode molekuler seperti real-time PCR. Salah satu gen yang dapat digunakan sebagai gen target real-time PCR yaitu 16S rRNA, yang diketahui spesifik dan juga digunakan untuk menganalisis kekerabatan antar strain. Analisis ini bermanfaat untuk melihat penyebaran infeksi H.pylori di dunia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium. Metode pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu, metode consecutive sampling. Biopsi diambil dari 2 antrum dan 2 korpus pada 42 penderita dispepsia untuk pemeriksaan real-time PCR dan histopatologi. Optimasi kondisi real-time PCR meliputi uji volume cetakan DNA, sensitifitas dan spesifisitas teknik, kemudian dilanjutkan aplikasi pada sampel klinis dari biopsi lambung. Delapan dari 11 sampel yang positif dilakukan sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik. Hasil optimasi diperoleh suhu annealing 64?C, konsentrasi primer 0,8 ?M dan konsentrasi probe 0,6 ?M. Ambang batas deteksi real-time PCR untuk mendeteksi jumlah DNA minimal H.pylori yaitu 46 bakteri. Spesifisitas uji reaksi silang real-time PCR ini tidak menunjukkan adanya reaksi silang dengan mikroorganisme lain. Proporsi positif hasil pemeriksaan real-time PCR sebesar 26,2 , sedangkan histopatologi sebesar 11,9 . Pemeriksaan real-time PCR mampu meningkatkan diagnosis sebesar 14,3 dibandingkan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Hasil sekuensing dan analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa strain H.pylori dari sampel memiliki kekerabatan dengan strain Taiwan, India, dan Australia. Kata kunci : H.pylori, histopatologi, real-time PCR, analisis filogenetik

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ABSTRACTHelicobacter pylori infection is estimated infect almost half of the adult population in the world. Early detection of H.pylori is needed to prevent the development of infections into gastric malignancies. The coccoid form of H. pylori is difficult to detect using culture and histopathology but it can be detected by molecular methods such as real time PCR. One of the genes that can be used as a real time PCR target gene is 16S rRNA, which is known to be specific and also used to analyze closely related strain. This analysis were useful to showed the spread of H.pylori infection in the world.This study is an experimental laboratory. The sampling method used is the consecutive sampling method. Biopsy was taken from 2 antrum and 2 corpus in 42 patients with dyspepsia for real time PCR and histopathology examination. Optimization real time PCR conditions include DNA template volume testing, sensitivity and specificity of the technique, followed by application of clinical samples from gastric biopsy. Eight of the 11 positive samples were sequenced and analyzed for phylogenetics pattern. The optimization result obtained annealing temperature 64 C, primer concentration was 0,8 M and probe concentration was 0,6 M. Limit detection of the DNA was 46 bacteria. The specificity of the PCR 39 s real time indicate that there was no cross reaction with other microorganisms. The positive proportion of PCR real time examination was 26.2 , while histopathology was 11.9 . A real time PCR examination was able to improve the diagnosis by 14,3 compared to histopathology examination. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis results showed that our strain were closely related to Taiwan, India and Australia strains. Keywords H.pylori, histopathology, real time PCR, phylogenetic analysis"