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"Incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma is increasing in western countries and has poor prognosis due to late diagnosis. Barren's esophagus is considered as premalignant lesion in which some of squamous epithelium in distal esophagus has been replaced by metaplastic columnar ephithelium. It occurs as complication of longstanding gastroesophageal reflux.Endoscopic examination is very important for early detection especially in patients with chronic symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) for more than 5 years. Aggressive antireflux treatment may reduce the risk of esophageal carcinoma. However, no single therapeutic modality had been proven superior compare to others, but until now surgery remains the most popular treatment of choice in the management of Barren's esophagus."

"Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an extremely rare case of the esophagus. We present a female patient, aged 76 years who present with dysphagia and weight loss for tire last three month. On endoscopy there was a luminal narrowing in the middle third of the esophagus. Diagnosis was challenging due to the stenosis and the tumor size. Histopathological confirmation was obtained by subcarinal fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This type of cancer is very aggressive with short survival time. Further studies are needed to define optimal treatment."

"ABSTRACTAdvances in tissue engineering techniques have made it possible to use human cells as biological material. This has enabled pharmacological studies to be conducted to investigate drug effects and toxicity, to clarify the mechanisms underlying diseases, and to elucidate how they compensate for impaired organ function. Many researchers have tried to construct artificial organs using these techniques, but none has succeeded in growing a whole organ. Unlike other digestive organs with complicated functions, such as the processing and absorption of nutrients, the esophagus has the relatively simple function of transporting content, which can be replicated easily by a substitute. In regenerative medicine, various combinations of materials have been applied, including scaffolding, cell sources, and bioreactors. Exciting results of tissue engineering techniques for the esophagus have been reported. In animal models, replacing full-thickness and full-circumferential defects remains challenging because of stenosis and leakage after implantation. Although many reports have manipulated various scaffolds, most have emphasized the importance of both epithelial and mesenchymal cells for the prevention of stenosis. However, the results of repair of partial full-thickness defects and mucosal defects have been promising. Two successful approaches for the replacement of mucosal defects in a clinical setting have been reported, although in contrast to the many animal models, there are few pilot studies in humans. We review the recent results and evaluate the future of regenerative medicine for the esophagus."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kecemasan dental merupakan respon stress pasien terhadap keadaan spesifik terkait perawatan dental. Ekstraksi gigi molar tiga mandibula impaksi merupakan perawatan dalam bedah kedokteran gigi yang paling sering menimbulkan kecemasan. Musik mengambil peran dalam mengurangi kecemasan pasien saat prosedur ekstraksi tersebut. Tujuan : Untuk mengetahui pengaruh musik pilihan pasien pada saat ekstraksi gigi molar tiga mandibula impaksi terhadap kecemasan dan membandingkannya dengan musik klasik. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental single-blinded acak dengan kontrol di RSKGM FKG UI. Intervensi menggunakan musik dengan alat BoseÒ SoundWearÔ untuk memutarkan musik. Subjek penelitian dibagi dalam 3 kelompok : Musik Pilihan Pasien, Musik Klasik, dan Kontrol (tanpa musik). Operator ekstraksi adalah Mahasiswa Program Pendidikan Dokter Gigi Spesialis Bedah Mulut FKG UI. Pengukuran kecemasan menggunakan MDAS, APAIS, VAS, dan mengukur tanda vital. Pengukuran tanda vital, tekanan darah dan frekuensi nadi, menggunakan OMRON HEM-7130, JAPAN. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS dengan analisis bivariat Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test pada setiap kelompoknya. Hasil : Terdapat pengurangan rata rata skor total tingkat kecemasan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pada kelompok (A) musik pilihan pasien dan kelompok (B) musik klasik yang diukur dengan MDAS, APAIS, dan VAS (p < 0,05). Kelompok kontrol menunjukkan peningkatan tekanan darah dan frekuensi nadi sesudah intervensi (p < 0,05). Kesimpulan : Musik pilihan pasien dan musik klasik memberikan efek dalam mengurangi kecemasan pasien yang diukur dengan MDAS, APAIS, dan VAS dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan musik."