Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"A study has been conducted to produce soygurt that contain factor-2 isoflavone (6,7,4’- trihydroxy isoflavone), derivat of tempe milk, which was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria. This research consisted of three stages: first was the production of tempe, second was the production of tempe’s milk, and third was the production of soygurt.The production of tempe used single culture of Rhizopus oligosporus and mix culture ofRhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus oryzae, Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus arrhizus.Protein and lipid content from single culture tempe was 17,28% & 3,92%, whereas in mix culture tempe was 17,24% & 3,96%; in tempe milk using single culture was 3,89% & 2,78%, whereas in mix culture produced 3,79% & 2,58%. Inoculum of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria in variation of 5%, 7,5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% v/v in tempe milk were optimized. The measured parameter were pH and formation rate of lactic acid. The best inoculums was 5% v/v. Organoleptic test showed that the best soygurt was soygurt from tempe milk fermentated with single inoculums followed by inoculation with L.plantarum. Protein and lipid content was 3,98% and 2,70%. Thin Layer Chromatography test showed that soygurt contain factor-2 isoflavone useful as antioxidant, antihaemolitic, and antifungi.."

"Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 merupakan bakteri probiotik yang mampu menurunkan kolesterol. Salah satu syarat produk probiotik adalah jumlah sel hidup minimal 106 CFU/g produk. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui viabilitas L. plantarum Mar8 yang dimikroenkapsulasi dengan teknik spray drying menggunakan bahan penyalut berupa campuran dekstrin 10% (b/v) dan sari buah markisa (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) (1:6) (v/v). Hasil menunjukkan L. plantarum Mar8 yang telah dimikroenkapsulasi dengan dekstrin 10% (b/v) dan sari buah markisa (1:6) (v/v) memiliki viabilitas yang tinggi sebagai probiotik setelah penyimpanan dua minggu dan empat minggu pada suhu simpan 4º C dengan presentase kemampuan hidup sebesar is 92,8% dan 100%. Viabilitas L. plantarum Mar8 yang telah dimikroenkapsulasi pada penyimpanan di suhu ruang dan 37º C setelah penyimpanan dua minggu memiliki viabilitas yang lebih rendah daripada mikrokapsul yang disimpan pada suhu 4º C dengan persentase kemampuan hidup 68,6% dan 67,8%.

---

Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 is a probiotic bacteria that has the ability to reduce cholesterol. In order to be categorized as probiotic, the number of living cells needs to be at least 106 CFU/g product. The aim of this research was to assess the viability of L. plantarum Mar8 microencapsulated with the mixture of dekstrin 10% (b/v) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) juice (1:6) (v/v) by spray drying technique. The result showed that the viability of L. plantarum Mar8 encapsulated with dextrin 10% (b/v) and passion fruit juice (1:6) (v/v) stored for two and four weeks in the temperature 4º C is high with the percentage of survival rate are 92,8% and 100% respectively. However, the viability of encapsulated L. plantarum Mar8 stored in room temperature and in the temperature 37º C after two weeks of storage were lower than at 4º C with percentage of survival rate are 68,6% and 67,8%."

"Teknologi pengembangan produk probiotik sudah semakin dikembangkan seiring dengan meningkatnya kebutuhan akan produk kesehatan. Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 adalah salah satu isolat bakteri yang merupakan bakteri probiotik. Salah satu syarat probiotik adalah memiliki viabilitas yang cukup setelah penyimpanan. Mikroenkapsulasi dapat dilakukan untuk memproduksi probiotik yang dapat mempertahankan viabilitas. Spray drying merupakan salah satu teknik mikroenkapsulasi yang banyak digunakan. Penggunaan bahan penyalut berupa campuran dekstrin dengan jus buah dan biji markisa dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat viabilitas setelah proses spray drying dan setelah masa penyimpanan. Penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 memiliki ketahanan sebesar 95,9 % setelah melewati proses spray drying. Penyimpanan pada suhu 4˚ C memiliki viabilitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan penyimpanan pada suhu ruang dan 37˚ C. Setelah penyimpanan selama empat minggu pada suhu 4˚ C, jumlah bakteri hidup masih mencapai 3,885 x 109 CFU/g sehingga masih dapat dikategorikan sebagai probiotik.

---

The development of probiotic products has increased due the needs of health products. Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 is one of the isolate that can be used as probiotic bacteria. In order to be categorized as probiotic, the number of living cells needs to be at least 106 CFU/g. Microencapsulation is common technique using in food industry to maintain the number of living cells during storage. Spray drying is one of microencapsulation technique that common used in industry. The mixture of dextrin and passion fruit juice and seeds as matrix is used to examine the viability of probiotic bacteria after spray drying and storage.

The result showed that Lactobacillus plantarum Mar8 survival rate after spray drying is 95,9 %. The viability of probiotic that stored at 4˚ C is higher that probiotic that stored at room temperature and 37˚ C. The remained number of probiotic after four weeks of storage at 4˚ C is 3,885 x 109 CFU/g. Therefore, it may be used as probiotic product."

"Salah satu kegunaan enzim tripsin adalah berperan dalam pemecahan rantai peptida pada protein menjadi asam amino yang diperlukan tubuh. Protease serupa tripsin (PST) dihasilkan oleh L. plantarum FNCC 0270 melalui proses fermentasi dengan optimasi komposisi media dan agitasi menggunakan Central Composite Design dan Response Surface Methode dengan software Design Expert versi 7.1.5. Untuk mendekati keadaan ideal dilakukan optimasi melalui simulasi numerik yaitu fermentasi dengan komposisi baker yeast = 3,64%, kadar glukosa = 1,21%, konsentrasi susu skim = 0,13% dan agitasi 77 rpm, waktu 15 jam akan diperoleh aktivitas enzim 1,51 mU/mL dan kadar protein 0,205 mg/mL. Dari optimasi numerik kemudian dilakukan verifikasi fermentasi di laboratorium, dalam erlenmeyer menggunakan shaker inkubator, agitasi 77 rpm, pH awal 8, suhu 370C, t=15 jam. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan aktivitas enzim dan kadar protein masing-masing 1,273 ± 0,227 mU/mL dan 0,248 ± 0,012 mg/mL. Selanjutnya untuk isolasi PST dalam skala lebih besar dilakukan di dalam Fermentor volume kerja 3,5 liter, pada T=370C, pH = 8 aerasi 0,5 vvm, memberikan aktivitas 1,29 mU/mL, kadar protein 0,49 mg/mL. Pemurnian PST dilakukan dengan ultrafiltrasi Hollow Fiber Catridge 5 kD, pengendapan ammonium sulfat jenuh (30-70%), dialisis, kolom kromatografi penukar ion resin Q-XL 1 mL, (Ø1 cm x 2,5 cm); dan kolom kromatografi afinitas HiTrap Benzamidine FF 1mL, (Ø1 cm x 2,5 cm); ligand paminobenzamidine masing-masing memberikan peningkatan kemurnian terhadap enzim kasar. Dari SDS-PAGE diperoleh 4 pita yang setara dengan berat molekul 47 kD, 38 kD, 21 kD dan 13 kD. Enzim stabil pada pH 8 dan rentang suhu 25-35OC, hal tersebut dibuktikan waktu paruh enzim yang sama pada suhu 25, 30 dan 35OC, yaitu 693,2 menit. Nilai Km 0,231mM dan Vmaks 1,05mU/mL.menit menggunakan subtrat BAPNA. PST dihambat EDTA, Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ dan oleh substrat?substrat spesifik (SBTI, FBS dan diazinon). Uji imunokimia PST dengan metode dot blot positip. Analisis protein melalui situs internet dari NCBI www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ diperoleh struktur dari serine protease HtrA (L. plantarum subs.plantarum ST-III) terdiri dari tiga domain : 1. N-terminal : dari AA nomor 1-27 dan 28-131; 2. Domain aktif : dari AA nomor 132 s/d nomor 269; 3. PDZ_serine_protease : pada C-terminal mulai dari AA 311-406. Dengan soft ware Clone Manager® melalui align two sequens diperoleh 11 (sebelas) Lactobacillus penghasil trypsin-like serine protease yang mempunyai tingkat similaritas 40-90 %. Dengan soft ware Clustal W2 melalui multiple sequens alignment dari 11 (sebelas) Lactobacillus tersebut diperoleh pohon filogenetik yang menunjukkan L.plantarum mempunyai kedekatan kekerabatan dengan L.buchneri, L. brevis dan L.malefermentans. Hasil analisis kesejajaran menunjukkan bahwa 8 fragmen peptida dari pita 1 dan pita 2 hasil SDS-PAGE, berada pada region active domain keempat Lactobacillus penghasil trypsin?like serine protease. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kesejajaran tersebut diasumsikan bahwa protein PST dari L.plantarum FNCC 0270 termasuk kelompok protease serin dari L. plantarum.

---

One of the enzyme trypsin function is to split peptide chains of the protein into amino acids that the body needs. Trypsin like protease ( PST ) produced by L. plantarum FNCC 0270 which was isolated from fermented Growol. The medium compotion and agitation for enzyme production was optimized using Central Composite Design and Response Surface Method with Design Expert software version 7.1.5. Numerical optimization was performed to approach the ideal state of the fermentation.The medium composition of fermentation used was: 3.64 % baker's yeast, 1.21 % glucose, 0.13 % skim milk and agitation speed of 77 rpm. After 15 hours of fermentation the enzyme activity reached was1.51 mU/mL and protein levels of 0.205 mg/mL. After numerical optimization, the fermentation process was verified using 125 mL Erlenmeyer in shaking incubator 77 rpm agitation, initial pH 8, temperature of 370C, 15 hours of fermentation. The verification results showed that the enzyme activity and protein levels, was 1.273 ± 0.227 mU/mL and 0.248 ± 0.012 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore PST isolation was done in the fermentor working volume of 3.5 liters, at T=370C, pH=8, aeration 0.5vvm, resulted in enzyme of 1.29 mU/mL, 0.49 mg protein/mL. PST purification performed with ultrafiltration Hollow Fiber Cartridge 5 kD, saturated ammonium sulfate precipitation ( 30-70 % ), dialysis, ion exchange chromatography column with resin Q-XL 1mL, (Ø1 cm x 2,5 cm) and HiTrap affinity chromatography column Benzamidine FF 1mL, (Ø1 cm x 2,5 cm); ligand p - aminobenzamidine each purification step increased purity of the crude enzyme. SDS - PAGE analysis showed 4 protein bands with molecular weight of 47 kD , 38 kD , 21 kD and 13 kD . The enzyme was stable at 8 pH and temperature range of 25 ? 350C. The half-life of the enzyme at 25, 30 and 35OC, was the same which was 693.2 minutes. Km value of 0.231 mM and Vmax of 1.05 mU/mL.min. Using BAPNA as a substrate. PST was inhibited by EDTA, Ca2+, Zn 2 +, Mg 2 +, Mn 2 + and by specific substrates ( SBTI, FBS and diazinon ). Trypsinlike protease affinity test with dot blot was positive. Based on www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/ structures of serine protease HtrA ( subs.plantarum L. plantarum ST - III ) consisted of three domains : 1. N - terminal : AA number from 1-27 and 28-131 ; 2. Active domain : AA number of 132 to 269 numbers ; 3. PDZ_serine_protease : the C-terminal ranging from AA 311-406. Using Clone Manager® soft ware through align two sequences obtained 11 ( eleven ) The trypsin - like serine protease producing Lactobacillus that has 40-90 % similarity level. Using the Clustal W2 soft ware through multiple sequences alignment of 11 (eleven) the phylogenetic tree of the isolate L.plantarum was closely realted to L.buchneri, L.brevis and L.malefermentans. Alignment analysis results showed that 8 peptide fragments of bands 1 and bands 2 of the SDS-PAGE was, in the region active domain of fourth trypsin - like serine protease -producing Lactobacilli."

"Karakterisasi isolat Lactobacillus plantarum strain AKK30 telah dilakukan. Data penelitian menguatkan dugaan L. plantarum strain AKK30 mengandung gen plantarisin dan berpotensi menjadi alternatif antibiotik pada pakan ayam. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode DNA sequencing untuk meneliti gen plantarisin dan high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), serta ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) untuk mengetahui profil asam amino strain tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat memiliki kandungan gen plantarisin, antara lain gen plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, dan plnO. Dendrogram dikonstruksi dengan membandingkan gen plantarisin L. plantarum AKK30 dan gen plantarisin L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2), dan V90 (FJ809773.1). Dendrogram menunjukkan bahwa gen plantarisin pada L. plantarum AKK30 berkerabat dekat dengan beberapa gen penyandi plantarisin yang berkaitan dengan sistem induksi plantarisin (gen plnA) dan imun (gen plnE, plnF, plnJ, dan plnK) dari L. plantarum. Hasil kromatografi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga asam amino dengan kadar lebih dari 1.500 mg/kg dari L. plantarum AKK30, yaitu glisin (Gly), prolin (Pro), dan asam glutamat (Glu). Asam amino tertinggi dari sampel ialah Gly (2.480,42 mg/kg). Berdasarkan kadar asam amino Gly dan alanin (Ala), diindikasikan isolat tersebut mampu memproduksi plantarisin. Isolat L. plantarum AKK30 juga diindikasikan memiliki kemampuan proteolitik dan produksi γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) yang penting dalam probiotik. Oleh karena itu, L. plantarum AKK30 dianggap mampu menjadi probiotik sebagai pengganti antibiotik untuk ayam.

---

Lactobacillus plantarum AKK30 has been characterized. Research was carried out in order to investigate plantaricin genes by using DNA sequencing. In addition amino acid profiling of the strain was conducted using by chromatography methods, i.e., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The results showed that the sample has plantaricin genes, particularly plnA, plnEF, plnJ, plnK, plnO genes. Dendrogram was constructed to compare plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 and plantaricin genes of L. plantarum strain WCFS1 (NC-004567.2), C11 (X94434.2) and V90 (FJ809773.1). It showed that plantaricin genes of L. plantarum AKK30 are closely related to plantaricin-encoding genes which responsible to plantaricin induction (plnA gene) and immune system (plnE, plnF, plnJ and plnK genes) of L. plantarum bacteria.

Chromatography results showed that L. plantarum AKK30 produces three amino acids with levels of more than 1,500 mg/kg, i.e., glycine (Gly), proline (Pro) and glutamic acid (Glu). The highest amino acid was glycine (2,480.42 mg/kg). Based on the amino acid levels of Gly and alanine (Ala), it indicates that L. plantarum AKK30 can produce plantaricin. Thus, the data strengthened the hypothesis that L. plantarum AKK30 plantaricin genes and is recognized to be a potential probiotic to substitute antibiotic for chicken broiler."

"Penelitian penapisan beberapa Lactobacillus plantarum dan optimasi produksi protease serupa tripsin (PST) dilanjutkan dengan pemekatan dan karakterisasi parsial telah dilakukan. Tripsin memiliki peran penting dalam pencernaan protein di usus kecil namun produksi tripsin komersial saat ini masih terbatas oleh masalah sertifikasi halal dan risiko penularan penyakit yang bersumber dari babi atau sapi. Penelitian bertujuan menyeleksi koleksi isolat L. plantarum yang menghasilkan aktivitas PST tertinggi dan menentukan kondisi optimum dalam produksi PST dari L. plantarum terpilih menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) diikuti dengan pemurnian dan karakterisasi parsialnya. Tujuh isolat L. plantarum yang diperoleh dari makanan tradisional Indonesia diseleksi secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Semua isolat L. plantarum menunjukkan aktivitas proteolitik, terlihat adanya zona bening di sekitar koloni. Zona bening menunjukkan adanya potensi L. plantarum sebagai sumber PST secara kualitatif. Hasil pengujian kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa isolat dengan kode B6 (L. plantarum WBM-4) menghasilkan PST dengan aktivitas tripsin tertinggi sebesar 0,16 mU/mL. Lactobacillus plantarum WBM-4 diisolasi dari buah Menteng Banjarmasin paling berpotensi untuk menghasilkan PST. Selanjutnya, L. plantarum WBM-4 dioptimalisasi produksi menggunakan Respon Surface Methodology (RSM) dan karakterisasi PST. Kondisi optimal ditentukan pada komposisi medium dengan 1,96% glukosa, 0,39% yeast extract, 1,97% skim milk, dan pH 6,62, menghasilkan aktivitas PST sebesar 0,303 mU/mL. Pemekatan enzim kasar di bawah kondisi optimum menggunakan viva spin 5000 MWCO meningkatkan kemurnian hingga 11,08 kali lipat, dengan aktivitas sebesar 2,47 mU/mL. Karakterisasi parsial menunjukkan berat molekul PST sekitar ~19 kDa dan ~29 kDa, stabilitas dalam rentang suhu 30 - 40°C, dan aktivitas optimal pada pH 7,0 - 8,0. Penambahan ion logam EDTA, Ca2+, dan Zn2+ memengaruhi aktivitas PST. Penyimpanan PST selama 30 hari pada suhu 4°C aktivitas tersisa PST masih 65% sedang pada suhu 24-28°C aktivitas hanya tersisa 15%. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran tentang potensi PST yang berasal dari L. plantarum untuk aplikasi suplemen pencernaan dan memberikan alternatif sumber tripsin yang halal dan aman.

---

Research on screening of several Lactobacillus plantarum and optimization of trypsin-like protease production (TLP) followed by concentration and partial characterization has been carried out. Trypsin has an important role in protein digestion in the small intestine, but commercial trypsin production is currently limited by halal certification issues and the risk of transmission of diseases sourced from pigs or cattle. The study aimed to select a collection of Lactobacillus plantarum isolates that produced the highest TLP activity and determine the optimum conditions in TLP production from selected L. plantarum using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) followed by purification and partial characterization. Seven isolates of L. plantarum obtained from traditional Indonesian food were selected qualitatively and quantitatively. All L. plantarum isolates exhibited proteolytic activity, with clear zones around the colony. The clear zone shows the potential of L. plantarum as a qualitative source of TLP. The results of quantitative testing showed that isolates with code B6 (L. plantarum WBM-4) produced TLP with the highest trypsin activity value 0.16 mU/mL. L. plantarum WBM-4 isolated from Banjarmasin Menteng fruit has the most potential to produce TLP. Furthermore, L. plantarum WBM-4 optimized production using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and TLP characterization. Optimal conditions were determined in the composition of the medium with 1.96% glucose, 0.39% yeast extract, 1.97% skim milk, and pH 6.62, resulting in TLP activity of 0.303 mU/mL. Crude enzyme concentration under optimum conditions using viva spin 5000 MWCO increases purity up to 11.08-fold, with an activity of 2.47 mU/mL. Partial characterization shows TLP molecular weights of approximately ~29 kDa and ~19 kDa, stability in the temperature range of 30 - 40 °C, and optimal activity at pH 7.0 - 8.0. The addition of EDTA, Ca2+, and Zn2+ metal ions affect TLP activity. TLP storage for 30 days at 4°C the remaining activity of PST is still 65% while at 24-28°C the activity is only 15%. The results of this study provide an overview of the potential of PST derived from L. plantarum for digestive supplement applications and provide an alternative source of trypsin that is halal and safe."

"Ruminants are herbivorous mammals that have special digestive tract, rumen, where digestion of cellulose and polysaccharides can be carried out by rumen microorganisms. Methanogenic bacteria in the rumen using H2 compounds results from anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates to form methane. Methane production in the rumen is an energetically wasteful process, since the feed intake will be converted to methane and eructated as gas (Bunthoen, 2007). Rumen protozoa have a potential role in the process of digestion and breakdown of organic material. Hydrogen (H2) as one of the protozoa fermentation products are used by methanogenic bacteria to form methane. This causing methanogenic bacteria often found living attached to the surface of protozoa to keep a constant supply of hydrogen. The purpose of this study is to enumerate the number of methanogenic bacteria and protozoa with different diet and after the addition of probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 in vitro. This report consist of two parts, which are (1) Effect of Feeding Composition on Total Methanogenic Bacteria and Protozoa Rumen, and (2) Influence of Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 on Total Methanogenic Bacteria and Protozoa In Vitro. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology? Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong Bogor, from September 2008 ? May 2009. The treatment are diet A with ratio of grass : concentrate (30 : 70) and diet B with ratio of grass : concentrate (70 : 30). The probiotic L. plantarum TSD-10 dose are 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% v/v. The number of methanogenic bacteria obtained from diet A ranges between (0,74 ? 0,89) x 107 cfu/ml, whereas in diet B ranged from (1,71 ? 2,58) x 107 cfu/ml. Methanogenic bacteria average on feed B ((2,19 ± 0,44) x 107 cfu/ml) higher than the feed A ((0,82 ± 0,07) x 107 cfu/ml). Based on the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), different composition of diet A and B, significantly affect the number of methanogenic bacteria ( 5%), with the best diet composition in suppressing the growth of methanogenic bacteria is diet A. The number of methanogenic bacteria in diet B are higher since the value of a more alkaline pH (8). According to Mirzaei-Aghsaghali et al. (2008), methanogenic bacteria are sensitive to changes in pH. Decrease in pH value will decrease the number of methanogenic bacteria and cause less methane gas produced. The low number of methanogenic bacteria on diet A, can also be caused by the ratio of acetate : propionate obtained lower than in diet B, and it also causes a lower pH of the diet A (Lana et al., 1998). The ANOVA showed the methanogenic bacteria average between diet A and B in the morning and afternoon sampling significantly different between treatments ( 5%), with the best treatment in suppressing methanogenic bacteria from each sampling were diet A. Increased methanogenic bacteria after feeding may be associated with the presence of protozoa in the rumen cilliata that serves as a producer of hydrogen and bacterial attachment to methanogen. Composition diet B low in fiber and high in starch are preferred by the protozoan (Leedle and Greening, 1988). The number of protozoa obtained from the diet A ranges between (1,93 ? 3,95) x 105 cells/ml, whereas the diet B ranged from (2,81 ? 4,35) x 105 cells/ ml. Protozoa average on diet B ((3,76 ± 0,83) x 105 cells/ml) higher than the diet A ((3,08 ± 1,04) x 105 cells/ml). Based on the ANOVA, differences composition diet A and B, not significantly different between treatments (5%). Diet B with a higher pH value causes no influential ration of protozoa, which does not cause a decrease in the number of protozoa. The ANOVA indicate that the average range of protozoa between diet A and B are significantly different (5%) in the morning sampling, with the best treatment in suppressing the number of protozoa are diet A. The afternoon sampling, ANOVA showed that the treatment was not significantly different (5%). Protozoa observed in treatment diet A and B are families of, Ophryoscolecidae, Isotrichidae and Blepharocorythidae. Most number obtained from each diet is Ophryoscolecidae, while the less is Blepharocorythidae. This is due to Ophryoscolecidae a part of the Order Entodiniomorphida who compiled most of rumen cilliata. In the contrary, Family Isotrichidae and Blepharocorythidae are part of the order Trichostomatida which is rarely found in rumen (Ogimoto and Imai, 1981). Decreasing in the number of methanogenic bacteria in the diet B (56,8%) higher than diet A (29,8%), while the decrease in the number of protozoa in the diet B (64,9%) higher than diet A (62,7% ). Diet B with a higher concentrate composition can provide a change in the pattern of rumen fermentation. These changes make the environment less suitable for methanogenic bacterial growth. One of the unfavorable change is a reduction of rumen pH values (Moss et al., 2000). On the addition of probiotics in vitro, the ANOVA showed the range of the number of methanogenic bacteria was not significantly different ( 5%) on the variations of diet A and B but significantly different (5%) on the number of protozoa, with the best in suppressing the growth of protozoa are diet A. Variations doses of probiotic significantly different (5%) on the number of methanogenic bacteria and protozoa, with the best dose 5% v/v to suppress methanogenic bacteria and 15% v/v to suppress protozoa in vitro. Feed Digestibility Coefficient (FDC) shows the FDC from 27,99 ? 31,95%, while the diet B ranged from 25,85 to 31,3%. In diet A, the value FDC obtained tended to increase (8,5%) along with increasing concentration of probiotic L. plantarum TSD-10. Increasing FDC value expected to suppress the growth of methanogenic bacteria by altering the rumen fermentation pattern which results in volatile fatty acids produced. Diet A shows the value of higher acetate than propionate, because diet A high on fiber that will support the growth of the acetate-producing bacteria species, diet B rich in starch that supports the growth of propionic-producing bacteria species, and marked by increasing propionate than acetate (France and Dijkstra, 2005)."

"Pemurnian parsial dan karakterisasi β-galaktosidase dari Lactobacillus plantarum strain D-210 belum dilaporkan. L. plantarum strain D-210 ditemukan sebagai bakteri penghasil β-galaktosidase sebagian dimurnikan dengan dialisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas optimum dalam 24 jam dengan dan total protein adalah 0,454 mg/ml pada pH 6.5 aktivitas enzim 252,341 U/ml, dan suhu 45°C dengan aktivitas 0,582 U/ ml. Total aktivitas β-galaktosidase L.plantarum strain D-210 adalah 138,396 U dan endapan dengan amonium sulfat dicapai pada 40% - 50% dengan aktivitas total 87,030 U. Setelah dialisis, aktivitas total adalah 50,420 U. Penghambat β - galaktosidase adalah Hg dan Cu dengan aktivitas relatif adalah 56,82% dan1,04%, sedangkan aktivator adalah Mg, Mn, Ca, Co, Zn. Vmaks dari enzim adalah 0.093 µmol/menit dan KM enzim β-galaktosidase L. plantarum adalah 0,491 mM. Berdasarkan karakteristik β-galaktosidase, dapat disimpulkan bahwa L. plantarum strain D-210 adalah bakteri baik dan unggul yang dapat memproduksi β-galaktosidase. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengeksplorasi kemungkinan menggunakan bakteri ini dalam pengolahan susu pada bayi dengan intoleransi laktosa."