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"Pencitraan fluorescence merupakan salah satu jenis pencitraan yang digunakan oleh tenaga medis dalam mendiagnosa penyakit yang dimiliki pasien. Pencitraan ini juga mampu dilakukan secara intraoperative tanpa harus mengakibatkan efek samping seperti mutasi gen yang disebabkan oleh jenis pencitraan lainnya yang menggunakan radiasi elektromagnetik dan radioaktif (CT, MRI, dan PET). Keterbatasan dana menjadi penyebab tidak semua rumah sakit mampu membeli sistem deteksi pencitraan fluorescence yang mahal. Salah satu komponen penting dalam pencitraan ini adalah filter optik yang mampu memblokade sinar eksitasi dan membiarkan sinar emisi untuk dideteksi oleh kamera. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk merancang filter optik sinar fluorescence dengan menggunakan bahan dasar plastik mika yang didapat secara komersil. Perancangan filter menggunakan kombinasi plastik mika dan foto film serta kamera CCTV berbasis IP yang telah dimodifikasi untuk mampu mendeteksi sinar fluorescence pada area sinar infra merah. Pengujian dilakukan pada ruang yang gelap dengan objek yang diuji adalah campuran Indocyanine Green (ICG) yang dicampurkan dengan air steril. Perancangan filter menggunakan spektrofotometer sehingga menghasilkan kombinasi filter abu abu gelap-foto film yang memiliki rasio gain sebesar 2,56. Pada saat pengujian, filter mampu meningkatkan sinyal cahaya fluorescence (S/B) dari 0,675 menjadi 1,502 akibat adanya peredaman sinar eksitasi pada bagian latar belakang gambar.

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Fluorescence imaging is a type of imaging used by medical professionals when diagnosing disease in patients. This imaging can also be performed intraoperatively without causing side effects such as genetic mutations caused by other types of imaging (CT, MRI, and PET) that use electromagnetic and radioactive radiation. Funding constraints are why not all hospitals can afford expensive fluorescent imaging detection systems. One of the important components of this imaging is the filter, which blocks the excitation beam and allows the camera to detect the emitted light. This study aimed to design fluorescence filters using commercially available mica plastic as the base material. The filter design combines mica paper and film with a modified IP-based CCTV camera capable of detecting fluorescence in the infrared region. The test was carried out in a dark room, and the test object was a mixture of indocyanine green (ICG) and sterile water. The filter design uses a spectrophotometer to produce a dark gray-film filter combination with a gain ratio of 2.56. When tested, the filter was able to increase the fluorescence (S/B) light signal from 0.675 to 1.502 due to attenuation of the excitation light on the image background."

"The spectral intensity of direct and scattered solar radiation is of fundamental importance for various studies in civil engineering, agriculture, solar power generation, and radiation budgetestimation. In this paper, we describe a ground-based, wide-spectral-range sensor that can be used for measuring spectral intensities both in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions.The measurements are conducted either with artificial light sources ordirect/scattered solar radiation. The measured spectra yields information on the absorption features of atmosphericgases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor, as well as aerosol optical properties in the atmosphere. Relatively weak absorption of nitrogen dioxide is measured with the technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), whereas aerosol, carbon dioxide, and water vapor amounts are measured by matching the observed spectra with simulated ones. Both High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) and ModerateResolution Atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) database/codes are used to derive column amounts of absorbing molecular species and tocharacterize aerosol optical properties. "

"The spectral intensity of direct and scattered solar radiation is of fundamental importance for various studies in civil engineering, agriculture, solar power generation, and radiation budget estimation. In this paper, we describe a ground-based, wide-spectral-range sensor that can be used for measuring spectral intensities both in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. The measurements are conducted either with artificial light sources or direct/scattered solar radiation. The measured spectra yields information on the absorption features of atmospheric gases such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor, as well as aerosol optical properties in the atmosphere. Relatively weak absorption of nitrogen dioxide is measured with the technique of differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), whereas aerosol, carbon dioxide, and water vapor amounts are measured by matching the observed spectra with simulated ones. Both High Resolution Transmission (HITRAN) and Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission (MODTRAN) database/codes are used to derive column amounts of absorbing molecular species and to characterize aerosol optical properties."

"ABSTRACTUmumnya untuk membedakan antara lidah perokok dan lidah bukan perokok adalah dengan melihat secara visual yang dilakukan oleh praktisi medis dan masih bersifat invasif. Dalam penelitian ini, sistem pengenalan lidah perokok dibangun dengan menggunakan teknik pencitraan hiperspektral dengan rentang spektrum panjang gelombang VNIR Visible Near Infrared berbasis kombinasi ciri spektral dan ciri tekstur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun sistem pengenalan lidah perokok berbasis kombinasi ciri spektral dan ciri tekstur untuk meningkatkan nilai akurasi pada sistem pengenalan lidah perokok yang berbasis ciri spektral saja. Ciri spektral yang digunakan adalah nilai reflektansi yang didapat langsung dari ROI Region of Interest citra lidah, sedangkan untuk ciri tekstur yang digunakan adalah nilai energi, homogenitas, korelasi, dan kontras yang didapat pada metode ekstraksi ciri GLCM Gray level Co-occurence Matrix. Kedua ciri tersebut dikombinasikan sebagai input yang digunakan pada tahapan seleksi ciri dengan metode PLS Partial Least Square, yang kemudian akan diklasifikasikan menggunakan metode SVM Support Vector Machine. Hasil klasifikasi SVM kemudian dilakukan validasi dengan menggunakan metode k-cross validation. Nilai Akurasi yang didapat dari hasil klasifikasi SVM dengan kombinasi ciri spektral dan ciri tekstur di 4 bagian lidah, lebih baik dibandingkan dengan nilai akurasi yang didapat dari hasil klasifikasi SVM dengan ciri spektral saja, dengan kenaikan akurasi sebesar 1,19 untuk lidah bagian anterior, 3,35 untuk lidah bagian posterior, 7,95 untuk lidah bagian lateral A, dan 1,02 untuk lidah bagian lateral B.

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ABSTRACTGenerally, to differentiate between smoker 39s tongue and non smoker 39s tongue is by doing an eye examination, which is invasive and performed by medical practitioners. In this research, smoker 39s tongue recognition system is built by using hyperspectral imaging technique with range of VNIR wavelength spectra, which is based on a combination of spectral features and texture features. The aim of this study is to built smoker 39s tongue recognition system based on a combination of spectral features and texture features to increase the value accuracy of smoker 39s tongue recognition system based on its spectral features only. The spectral features used are the reflectance value obtained from ROI Region of Interest from tongue images, while the texture characteristics used are the energy value, homogenity, correlation, and contrast obtained from extraction method of GLCM Gray Level Co occurence Matrix features. Both features are combined as an input used in the feature selection stage by using PLS Partial Least Square method, which then will be classified by using SVM Support Vector Machine method. After that, the SVM classification result will be validated by using k cross validation method. The value accuracy which is obtained from SVM classification result, by combining the spectral features and the texture characteristics in four regions of tongue, is better than the value accuracy from SVM classification result with spectral features only, with an accuracy increase of 1.19 for anterior region of tongue, 3.35 for posterior region of tongue, 7.95 for lateral A region of tongue, and 1,02 for lateral B region of tongue."

"ABSTRAKPada saat ini, buah-buahan dilapiskan lilin untuk mempertahankan kualitas dan memperpanjang usia simpan buah. Pengukuran kualitas buah yang dilapiskan lilin umumnya bersifat destruktif. Pengukuran kualitas buah berlapis lilin menggunakan citra VNIR belum pernah dilakukan, sehingga diperlukan pengkajian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh lapisan lilin pada pengukuran kualitas buah berbasis citra VNIR. Dalam penelitian ini, lilin lebah digunakan untuk melapiskan apel malang. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) dan Regression Tree (RT) digunakan sebagai algoritma seleksi fitur dan model regresi. Dalam penelitian ini, pemodelan dibentuk menggunakan apel tidak berlapis lilin, apel berlapis lilin, gabungan antara apel tidak berlapis lilin dan apel berlapis lilin. Selanjutnya, dilakukan pengujian apel malang berlapiskan lilin terhadap model prediksi kekerasan apel malang tidak berlapiskan lilin. Sistem prediksi kekerasan memiliki performa terbaik jika menggunakan data pelatihan dan data pengujian berupa apel tidak berlapis lilin saja. Hasil dari model PLSR dan RT menggunakan apel tidak berlapis lilin sebesar 0,97 dan 0,88 pada R2; 3,22 dan 6,65 pada RMSE. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, lapisan lilin pada permukaan buah dapat memengaruhi hasil pengukuran berbasis citra VNIR.

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ABSTRACTThese days, wax coating was applied on fruits to maintain its quality and extends the shelf life. The quality measurement of the waxed fruit was destructive in most cases. The quality measurement of the waxed fruit with VNIR image had never been done before, so further study about the effect of wax coating for VNIR image-based fruit quality measurement was needed. In this study, beeswax is used to coated Malang apples. Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR) and Regression Tree (RT) used as feature selection and regression model algorithm.  In this study, a regression model was built using non-waxed Malang apples, waxed Malang apples, a combination of non-waxed Malang apples and waxed Malang apples. Next, the waxed Malang apples was tested to the firmness prediction model of the non-waxed Malang apples. Firmness prediction system of Malang apples obtained the best performance if using training data and test data of non-waxed Malang apples. The results of PLSR and RT model using non-waxed Malang apples were 0.97 and 0.88 for R2, 3.22 and 6.55 for RMSE. Based on these results, wax coating on the surface of the fruit could disrupt the measurement results of VNIR image."

"Pencitraan fluoresens near-infrared (NIR) merupakan metode pencitraan yang menjanjikan dalam dunia kedokteran dengan menggunakan kamera khusus dan kontras agen indocyanine green (ICG). Teknik ini menawarkan keamanan dalam penggunaannya, resolusi yang tinggi, dan sensitivitas yang baik sehingga kebutuhan akan perangkat pencitraan ini terus meningkat. Beberapa studi melaporkan penggunaan metode pencitraan fluoresens NIR dalam berbagai aplikasi medis baik menggunakan perangkat komersial, maupun perangkat rakitan sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem pencitraan fluoresens near-infrared menggunakan filter plastik mika dan kamera IP CCTV serta metode subtraksi dalam mendeteksi fluoresens ICG.Karakterisasi filter plastik mika menggunakan spektrometer dilakukan untuk mengetahui respons filter dan menentukan kombinasi warna paling efektif. Perancangan prototipe menggunakan kamera IP CCTV yang dimodifikasi sebagai komponen utama dalam mengambil citra. Metode subtraksi yang digunakan mampu menjadi alternatif dalam mendeteksi fluoresens yang dihasilkan ICG dengan mengurangi piksel dari 2 buah gambar dengan kondisi berbeda. Kombinasi filter yang paling efektif dalam meredam cahaya tampak adalah merah-kuning-hijau-biru (MKHB) yaitu pada panjang gelombang 400 nm – 680 nm dengan transmitansi sebesar 64,55%. Rata-rata koefisien absorpsi pada filter plastik mika MKHB sebesar 9,87 cm^-1 pada panjang gelombang 830 ± 20 nm. Keseluruhan prototipe berhasil dibuat dan memiliki resolusi yang masih dapat diterima serta biaya produksi sebesar Rp512.000,00.

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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging is a promising imaging method in medicine using a special camera and indocyanine green (ICG) contrast agent. This technique offers safety in use, high resolution, and good sensitivity so that the need for this imaging device will continue to increase. Several studies have reported the use of NIR fluorescent imaging methods in various medical applications using either commercial devices or handmade devices. The aim of this research is to design a near-infrared fluorescent imaging system using mica plastic filters and IP CCTV cameras and subtraction methods to detect fluorescent ICG.

Characterization of mica plastic filters using a spectrometer was carried out to determine the response of the filter and determine the most effective color combination. The prototype design uses a modified CCTV IP camera as the main component in taking images. The subtraction method used can be an alternative in detecting fluorescence produced by ICG by subtracting pixels from 2 images with different conditions. The most effective filter combination in reducing visible light is red-yellow-green-blue, which is at a wavelength of 400 nm – 680 nm with a transmittance of 64,55%. The average absorption coefficient on MKHB plastic mica filters was 9,87 cm^-1 at a wavelength of 830 ± 20 nm. The entire prototype was successfully made and has an acceptable resolution and a production cost of 512,000.00 IDR."