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"Tujuan Aktivitas fisik rendah menyebabkan kebugaran jasmani kurang, yang berdampak pada produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas fisik terkait pekerjaan yang rendah dan faktor risiko lainnya terhadap kebugaran jasmani pekerja. Metode Subjek penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan bulan Februari 2008 ini adalah pekerja di 15 departemen yang dipilih secara purposif di PT Semen Padang, Sumatera Barat. Tingkat aktivitas fisik diketahui dari kuesioner Panduan Pengalaman Belajar Lapangan I dan Program Integrasi Hipertensi ? Lansia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia 2003. Tingkat kebugaran jasmani diukur dengan menggunakan Harvard Step Test. Hasil Subjek penelitian adalah 937 laki-laki berusia 18?56 tahun. Subjek mempunyai tingkat kebugaran jasmani rendah sebesar 15,9%. Faktor risiko dominan terhadap kebugaran jasmani rendah adalah aktivitas fisik pekerjaan yang rendah, kebiasaan merokok, tidak berolahraga, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan asma. Subjek dengan aktivitas fisik terkait pekerjaan yang rendah dibandingkan subjek dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi mempunyai risiko 10,71 kali untuk kebugaran jasmani kurang [rasio odds suaian (ORa) = 10,71; interval kepercayaan (CI 95% = 4,71 ? 24,33)]. Subjek yang tidak berolahraga dibandingkan dengan yang berolahraga mempunyai risiko 6,3 kali untuk kebugaran jasmani kurang (ORa = 6,30; CI 95% = 3,69-10,75). Kesimpulan Aktivitas fisik pekerjaan yang rendah, kebiasaan merokok, tidak berolahraga, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan asma merupakan faktor dominan terhadap kebugaran jasmani rendah. Oleh karena itu, selain memperlihatkan faktor-faktor berpengaruh tersebut, pekerja dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik rendah perlu melakukan latihan fisik.

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AbstractAim Low physical activity causes poor physical fitness, which leads to low productivity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of low work-related physical activity and other risk factors on physical fitness. Methods This study was done in February 2008. Subjects were workers from 15 departments in PT Semen Padang, West Sumatera (Indonesia). Data on physical activities were collected using the questionnaire from the Student Field Work I Guidebook and Hypertension ? Geriatric Integrated Program of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia 2003. Physical fitness was measured using the Harvard Step Test. Results A number of 937 male workers aged 18 ? 56 years participated in this study. Poor physical fitness was found in 15.9% of the subjects. Low work-related physical activity, smoking, lack of exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma were dominant risk factors related to poor physical fitness. Subjects with low compared to high work-related activity had a ten-fold risk of poor physical fitness [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 10.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.71?24.33]. In term of physical exercise, subjects who had no compared to those who had physical exercise had a six-fold risk of poor physical fitness (ORa = 6.30; 95%CI = 3.69-10.75). Conclussion Low work-related physical activities, smoking, lack of exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and asthma were correlated to poor physical fitness. It is, among others, therefore necessary to implement exercises for workers with poor physical fitness."

"This cross sectional study was conducted on 304 elderly, aged 55 years and over, who were randomly selected at the Public Health Center levels in South Jakarta. The prevalence of CHD risk factors for the total population indicated by dyslipidemia and abdominal over fatness in this study were high (76% and 48°1o, respectively). Differences between gender were found with respect to body fat distribution as determinant of serum lipid profiles. In the elderly women, AHR were positively correlated with serum triglycerides and total cholesterol (p<0.05) but not in the elderly men. Energy, fat and cholesterol intakes did not show correlation with any serum lipid status in this population group. Energy intake of the elderly was low. Percent energy from fat and cholesterol intake were in accordance with the Indonesian Consensus of Dyslipidemia and NCEP (National Cholesterol Education Program). Generally, the elderly men and women had similar scores for several aspects of later life status. However cognitive function, well being, and later life status in the elderly men were higher than those in the elderly women. It was demonstrated that there was a significant negative association between physical activity score and selected serum lipid profiles (TC and TG), especially in the elderly women. Similar findings were also observed for social activity scores. No associations were found between alcohol consumption and serum lipid profiles in this study. On the other hand, smoking which was prevalent in the elderly men contributed to the elevation of serum triglycerides concentration. "

"Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) merupakan salah satu komplikasi pemberian media kontras yang paling penting. Akan tetapi, insidens dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi CIN setelah suatu tindakan intervensi koroner belum pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia. CIN didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan kreatinin serum sebesar 0,5 mg/dl atau lebih pada hari ke 3 pasca tindakan. Dari 312 subyek yang ikut dalam penelitian ini didapatkan insidens CIN sebesar 25%. Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan faktor hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, kelas NYHA, volume dan jenis zat kontras, kadar kreatinin serum > 1,5 mg/dl, proteinuria dan fraksi ejeksi ≤ 35% secara bermakna mempengaruhi kejadian CIN. Pada analisis multivariate hanya hipertensi [hazard rasio (HR) = 2,89; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,78 s/d 4,71; P = 0,000], diabetes mellitus (HR = 3,09; 95% CI = 1,89 s/d 5,06, P = 0,000), fraksi ejeksi (EF) ≤ 35% (HR = 2,92; 95% CI = 1,72 s/d 4,96; P = 0,000), volume zat kontrast > 300 ml (HR = 7.73; 95% CI 3,09 s/d 19,37; P = 0,000) dan proteinuria (HR = 14,96; 95% CI = 3,45 s/d 64,86; P = 0,000) yang merupakan faktos risiko bebas CIN. Kesimpulannya adalah insidens CIN pada hari ke 3 pada pasien yang dilakukan intervensi koroner sebesar 25%. Hipertensi, diabetes melitus, EF ≤ 35%, volume zat kontras > 300 ml dan proteinuria merupakan faktor risiko bebas CIN.

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AbstractContrast induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of important complication of contrast media administration. Its incidence and risk factors among Indonesian patients undergoing coronary intervention has not been reported yet. CIN was defined as increasing of serum creatinine by 0.5 mg/dl or more in the third day following contrast media exposure. Of 312 patients undergoing coronary intervention, 25% developed CIN. Patient-related risk factors comprised of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, NYHA class, proteinuria, serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl and ejection fraction ≤ 35%. Contrast-related risk factors comprised of contrast media volume > 300 ml, contrast media type. However, our final model demonstrated that only hypertension [Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.89, 95% confidence intrval (CI) = 1.78 to 4.71, P = 0.000], diabetes mellitus (HR = 3.09, 95% CI = 1.89 to 5.06, P = 0.000), ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 35% (HR = 2.92; 95% CI = 1.72 to 4.96; P = 0.000), total contrast volume > 300 ml (HR = 7.73; 95% CI = 3.09 to 19.37; P = 0.000) and proteinuria (HR = 14.96; 95% CI = 3.45 to 64.86; P = 0.000) were independent risk factors of CIN. In conclusion, CIN developed in 25% of patients undergoing coronary intervention. The independent risk factors of CIN included hypertension, diabetes mellitus, EF ≤ 35%, contrast volume > 300 ml and proteinuria."

"ABSTRAKRuang Lingkup dan Cara Penelitian: Di Indonesia kemajuan di bidang teknologi den industri serta perbaikan ekonomi pada masyarakat tertentu, perubahan perilaku dan lingkungan serta meningkatnya umur harapan hidup menyebabkan pergeseran pola penyakit dari penyakit menular ke arah penyakit degeneratif. Data survei kesehatan rumah tangga, 1992 menunjukkan bahwa penyakit infeksi berkurang, tetapi kematian karena penyakit jantung koroner mengalami kenaikan yang nyata. Meningkatnya penyakit jantung koroner erat hubungannya dengan kadar lipid serum yang abnormal, yang merupakan salah satu faktor yang ikut berperan dalam terjadinya aterosklerosis. Faktor-faktor yang diperkirakan ikut mempengaruhi kadar lipid serum yaitu antara lain; jenis kelamin, umur, diabetes melitus, obat penyekat beta dan tiazid, indeks massa tubuh, merokok, alkoholik, asupan energi dan zat gizi serta aktivitas yang erat kaitannya dengan perubahan fisiologis dan patologis manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil lipid serum dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Telah dilakukan studi cross sectional pada 121 orang peserta Klub Jantung Koroner di DKI Jakarta. Pada subjek penelitian dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik, laboratoriun dan wawancara terarah meliputi pengetahuan dan perilaku gizi, penyakit yang diderita, kebiasaan minum obat, merokok, alkohol serta faktor makanan.Hasil dan Kesimpulan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada peserta klub jantung koroner yang diteliti, kadar kolesterol total yang abnormal 52,1%, kadar kolesterol LDL yang abnormal 47,9%, kadar kolesterol HOL yang abnormal 13,2% dan kadar triasilgliserol yang abnormal 33,1%. Ditemukan hubungan yang bermakna antara asupan protein nabati dan jenis kelamin dengan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL, antara asupan lemak total dengan kadar kolesterol HDL, antara kebiasaan merokok dengan kadar triasilgliserol, antara pengetahuan gizi dengan perilaku gizi. Setelah dilakukan analisis multivariat didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein nabati dengan kadar kolesterol total dan kolesterol LDL, antara jenis kelamin dan kebiasaan merokok dengan kadar kolesterol LDL. Sedangkan variabel-variabel lain yang diteliti belum jelas ada hubungan dengan profil lipid serum.

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ABSTRACT

The scope and Method of the Study: In Indonesia, development in technology and industry, improvement In economy, changes of behavior and environment also better life expectancy cause the shifting of Infectious diseases to degenerative diseases. Data of survey on home health, in 1992 indicated that infectious diseases decreases and the death of coronary heart disease rises obviously. The increase of coronary heart disease has a tight association with serum lipid, as one of the factors taking part in forming atherosclerosis. Factors presumed to influence serum lipid are; sex, age, diabetes mellitus, beta blocker and tiazide, body mass index, smoking, alcoholic, consumption energy and nutrient and activities which are tightly associated with physiological and pathological changes in human. This research is intended to find out the relation between the profile serum lipid and certain factors. Cross sectional study has been performed 121 among participants of coronary heart club in DK.I Jakarta. Participants undergo physical examination, laboratory examination, and guided interview concerning knowledge and behavior of nutrition, diseases, habit of taking medicine, smoking, alcoholic and foods factors.

Findings and Conclusions: The results the participants of the coronary heart club indicate; abnormal total cholesterol 52.1%, abnormal LDL cholesterol 47.9%, abnormal HDL cholesterol 13.2%, abnormal triacylglycerol 23.1%. There are significant association between (1) vegetable protein consumption, sex and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol,(2) between total fat consumption and HDL cholesterol, (3) between smoking and triacylglycerol, (4) between knowledge of nutrition and behavior of nutrition. However results of multivariate analysis indicated significant association between; (1) vegetable protein consumption and total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, (2) between sex, smoking and LDL cholesterol. The association between other variables with the profile of serum lipid has not been detected yet."

"[Latar belakang Aktivitas fisik adalah komponen penting dalam gaya hidup sehat begitu juga dengan jumlah waktu sedentary Akan tetapi sampai saat ini belum ada data tingkat aktivitas fisik maupun jumlah waktu sedentary pada populasi perempuan hamil Tujuan Mengetahui tingkat aktivitas fisik dan jumlah waktu kegiatan sedentary perempuan hamil Metode Jumlah total subyek sebanyak 106 perempuan hamil Dilakukan pengumpulan data karakteristik demografik dan penghitungan tingkat aktivitas fisik serta jumlah waktu sedentary Penghitungan tingkat aktivitas fisik dan jumlah waktu sedentary dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pencatatan Bouchard Hasil Pada perempuan hamil di perkotaan dengan kehamilan tunggal jumlah pengeluaran energi subyek rata rata adalah 41 88 4 45 kcal kgBB hari Sebanyak 66 04 perempuan hamil berada di tingkat aktivitas fisik sedang sementara 33 96 berada di tingkat aktivitas berat Rata rata jumlah waktu yang dihabiskan perempuan hamil untuk melakukan perilaku sedentary adalah 8 51 jam per hari Kesimpulan Tingkat aktivitas fisik perempuan hamil di perkotaan telah memenuhi rekomendasi akan tetapi waktu kegiatan sedentary masih cukup panjang Kata kunci Perempuan hamil tingkat aktivitas fisik perkotaan jumlah waktu sedentary.

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Background Physical activity and the amount of time spent in sedentary activities are key components to a healthy lifestyle Unfortunately to this day there is no evidence or data regarding the level of physical activity in pregnant women There is also no data regarding the sedentary time spent by pregnant women Objective To identify the level of physical activity in pregnant women as well as time spent in sedentary activities Methods Total respondents were 106 pregnant women Data collection regarding the level of physical activity and sedentary time was done through Bouchard Three Day Physical Activity Record Results Total mean energy expenditure of pregnant women with single pregnancy in urban areas is 41 88 4 45 kcal kg day The majority 66 04 of pregnant women is under the category of moderate physical activity level Meanwhile 33 96 of pregnant women is under the high physical activity level Mean sedentary time of pregnant women in urban area is at 8 51 hours per day Conclusion The level of physical activity in pregnant women in urban area is in accordance to the existing recommendation Although the time spent by pregnant women in sedentary activities are still relatively high Keywords Pregnant women physical activity level urban area sedentary time , Background Physical activity and the amount of time spent in sedentary activities are key components to a healthy lifestyle Unfortunately to this day there is no evidence or data regarding the level of physical activity in pregnant women There is also no data regarding the sedentary time spent by pregnant women Objective To identify the level of physical activity in pregnant women as well as time spent in sedentary activities Methods Total respondents were 106 pregnant women Data collection regarding the level of physical activity and sedentary time was done through Bouchard Three Day Physical Activity Record Results Total mean energy expenditure of pregnant women with single pregnancy in urban areas is 41 88 4 45 kcal kg day The majority 66 04 of pregnant women is under the category of moderate physical activity level Meanwhile 33 96 of pregnant women is under the high physical activity level Mean sedentary time of pregnant women in urban area is at 8 51 hours per day Conclusion The level of physical activity in pregnant women in urban area is in accordance to the existing recommendation Although the time spent by pregnant women in sedentary activities are still relatively high Keywords Pregnant women physical activity level urban area sedentary time ]"

"Latar Belakang : Peningkatan prevalensi penderita hipertensi di masyarakat DKI Jakarta disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang dapat dimodifikas maupun tidak. Aktifitas fisik sehagai salah satu lilktor yang dapat mencegah hipertensi perlu mendapat perhatian yang lebih karena faktor ini termasuk: salah satu faktor yang dapat dimodifikasi dengan usaha dan biaya yang tidak terlaiu besar.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya besar hubungan antara kejadian hipertensi dengan aktivitas fisik pada masyarakat di lima wilayah DKI Jakarta tahun 2006. Metode : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan disain cross sectional dan dianalisis secara kohort menggunakan data sekwtder dari survey faktor resiko PTM utama di lima wilayah DKI Jakarta tahun 2006. Kasus ekspos adalah subyek yang melakukan aktivitas fisik renda yang berjumlah 668 orang subyek dan non ekspos adalah subyek yang melakukan aktivitas tinggi sejumlah 668 orang. Perbandingan kasus ekspos dan non ekspos adalah 1:1, hingga jumlah keseluruhan subyek penelitian 1336 subyek.Hasil : Hasil penelitian mendapatkan proporsi hipertensi pada subyek yang beraktivitas rendah sebesar 65,5% dab pada subyek yang beraktivitas tinggi 58 8%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik berhubungan secara signiflkan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Dengan nilai p (p value) = 0,0001, setelah dikontrol oleh variabel jenis kelamin dan peketjaan didapat OR aktivitas tinggi 0,750 dengan 95% CI (0,601- 0,937) menunjukkan bahwa dengan beraktivitas dapat mengurangi risiko untuk menderita penyakit hipertensi sebesar 4 kali. Dalam penelitian ini variabel Jenis kelamin. umur, tingkat pendidilcan, status perkawinan, diaberes mellitus, hiperkolesterol, low HDL, IMT, dan pekerjaan semua mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian hipertensi (nilai p < α), sementara variabel merokok, hiper LDL dan kecukupen serat walaupun berhubungan tetapi hubungannya dengan hipertensi tidak signiflkan (nilai p > a). Kesimpulan : Aktivittas fisik tinggi dapat mengurangi resiko untuk terkena penyakit hipertensi, semakln sering kita me1akukan aktivitas fisik semakin rendah resiko untuk menderita penyakit. Subyek yang melakukan aktifitas fisik rendah lebih beresiko untuk terkena hipertensi 4 kali dibanding subyek yang melakukan aktifitas fisik tinggi."

"Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) merupakan program pemerintah sebagai salah satu upaya mengurangi faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular yang makin meningkat. Program ini dilakukan dengan upaya peningkatan perilaku hidup sehat, diantaranya peningkatan aktivitas fisik. Peningkatan aktivitas fisik diharapkan dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan energi dan diharapkan dapat mengurangi faktor risiko kardiometabolik. Aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan sesuai kaidah kesehatan akan memberikan adaptasi metabolik, neuromuskuler dan kardiorespirasi yang dapat meningkatkan kebugaran jasmani. Kebugaran yang baik merupakan faktor protektif terhadap risiko kardiometabolik dan penyakit tidak menular. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran aktivitas fisik, kebugaran, dan faktor risiko kardiometabolik dan hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kebugaran jasmani dan faktor risiko kardiometabolik di instansi pemerintah pada era GERMAS.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan data primer. Aktivitas fisik dinilai dengan PAL Physical Activity Level, waktu sedentary. Penilaian kebugaran jasmani meliputi komposisi tubuh, kelenturan, kekuatan otot dan daya tahan jantung paru. Faktor risiko kardiometabolik meliputi: tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol total, kadar gula darah sewaktu, dan HbA1C. Subjek penelitian adalah ASN di instansi X sebanyak 89 orang.Hasil: Diperoleh data 23,6% subjek dengan tingkat aktivitas fisik ringan, rerata waktu sedentary 10,5 jam dan 95,5% subjek memiliki waktu sedentary ≥ 7 jam. 56,2% subjek obesitas, 87,6% fleksibilitas baik, 58,2% kekuatan otot kurang, serta 68,5% subjek memiliki daya tahan jantung paru kategori baik dan cukup. Prevalensi hipertensi 20,2%, hiperkolesterolemia 37,1%, pre diabetes 6,7% dan diabetes mellitus 1,1%. Didapati hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dengan IMT dan faktor risiko kardiometabolik.Kesimpulan Terdapat kecenderungan subjek dengan faktor risiko kardiometabolik, berat badan berlebih dan obesitas memiliki tingkat aktivitas fisik yang lebih baik.

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Community Healthy Life Movemement or Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat (GERMAS) is a government program to reduce risk factors of non-communicable diseases. This program is purposed to improve healthy living behaviors, including increased physical activity. The increasing of physical activity is expected to affect balance energy and to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors. Physical activity according to health principles will enhance metabolic, neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory adaptations that can improve physical fitness. Good level of fitness is a protective factor against cardiometabolic risk and non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this study is the description of physical activity, physical fitness, cardiometabolic risk factors and the relationship between physical activity and physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in one of a Ministry in the GERMAS era.Method: Cross-sectional study using primary data. Physical activity was assessed by the PAL Physical Activity Level, sedentary time. The assessment of physical fitness includes body composition, flexibility, muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness. Cardiometabolic risk factors include: blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels, and HbA1C. The subjects of this research were worker in Ministry X approximately 89 people.Results: 23.6% of subjects with mild physical activity, the mean sedentary time about 10.5 hours and 95.5% of subjects had a sedentary time of jam 7 hours. 56.2% of subjects were obese, 87.6% had good flexibility, 58.2% lacked muscle strength, and 68.5% of subjects had good and sufficient pulmonary heart endurance. The prevalence of hypertension is 20.2%, hypercholesterolemia 37.1%, pre-diabetes 6.7% and diabetes mellitus 1.1%. There was an association between physical activity and BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors.Conclusion There is a tendency for subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors, overweight and obesity to have a better level of physical activity"