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"Sebagian penderita tekanan darah tinggi di Indonesia menggunakan pengobatan tradisional di samping obat-obatan antihipertensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara beberapa pengobatan tradisonal seperti buah pace, belimbing, bawang putih, atau jamu, yang dipercaya dapat menurunkan tekanan darah pada hipertensi stage 1 dan 2. Data diperoleh dari hasil survai lapangan yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa tingkat 2 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia tahun 2001, 2002, 2003 di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Subjek penelitian dipilih secara random dari klaster rukun tetangga. Wawancara dan pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan di rumah subjek oleh mahasiswa yang terlatih di bawah pengawasan staf pengajar. Terdapat 496 subjek dengan hipertensi stage 1 dan 2 dan sebanyak 11,5% menggunakan obat-obatan antihipertensi. Subjek hipertensi stage 2 yang minum obat antihipertensi 5,4 kali lipat jika dibandingkan dengan subjek hipertensi stage 1 (rasio odds suaian 5,44; 95% interval kepercayaan = 2,64 ? 11,27). Pengobatan tradisional yang dilakukan oleh subjek hipertensi terutama ketimun, belimbing, dan buah pace. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan kebiasaan yang kuat memakai obat tradisional dalam masyarakat, terbatasnya fasilitas kesehatan, dan harga obat antihipertensi yang mahal. Disimpulkan bahwa di daerah pedesaan, para penderita hipertensi melakukan pengobatan gabungan obat antihipertensi dengan obat-obat tradisional. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)

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Some hypertensive subjects in Indonesia consume traditional herbal medicines in addition to the usual pharmacological drugs. This paper studied the relationship between several traditional herbal medicines, such as morinda, star fruit, garlic, or jamu, believed to control hypertension and the risk of current pharmacological antihypertensive drug users in subjects with stage 1 and 2 hypertension in a rural community West Java, Indonesia. The data were obtained from 3 field studies by the second year medical students of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia conducted in 2001, 2002, and 2003 in a subdistrict of the Bogor regency. The subjects were selected randomly from neighborhood clusters. Interviews and blood pressure measurements were conducted at the houses of the subjects by specially trained second year medical students supervised by faculty members. There were 496 subjects with stage 1 or 2 hypertension, with 11.5% under current antihypertensive drugs. Compared with the hypertension stage 1 subjects, hypertension stage 2 subjects were 5.4 times more likely to be currently taking pharmacological antihypertensive medication (adjusted odds ratio = 5.44; 95% confidence interval = 2.64-11.27). The combined of current antihypertensive medication with traditional medicines were cucumber which being the most dominant followed by star fruit and morinda. Reasons for this were probably the strong influence of culture, the limited medical facilities, and high cost of the antihypertensive drugs. It was concluded that in a rural Indonesia, it was common for hypertensive subjects to take pharmacological drugs as well as traditional medicine for antihypertensive therapy. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 246-51)"

"Latar Belakang: Kejadian Nyeri Punggung Bawah yang muncul tiba-tiba, tidak dapat diprediksi, dan kekambuhan yang dapat sering terjadi berisiko terjadinya ketidaknyamanan serta disabilitas pada pilot yang bahkan dapat meningkatkan resiko inkapasitasi yang dapat mengancam keselamatan penerbangan. Tujuan Penelitian ialah untuk mengetahui hubungan NPB dengan faktor risiko yang dialami oleh pilot fixed-wing penerbangan komersial di Indonesia.Metode: Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada pilot fixed-wing penerbangan komersial yang melaksanakan pengujian kesehatan di Balai Kesehatan Penerbang pada bulan September-Oktober 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner yang telah disiapkan dan melalui rekam medis. Untuk parameter penelitian penentuan nyeri punggung bawah, digunakan kuesioner ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) bahasa Indonesia yang sudah divalidasi pada penelitian lainnya.Hasil: didapatkan jumlah reseponden sebesar 410 orang, yang terdiri dari 394 responden laki-laki dan 16 responden perempuan. Dari keseluruhan didapatkan 24 responden (5,85%) mengalami NPB. Analisis lebih lanjut menunjukkan faktor jenis kelamin memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap NPB (p = 0,01) dibandingkan dengan faktor lainnya (usia, index masa tubuh, dan total jam terbang).Kesimpulan dan saran: Penerbang perempuan memiliki resiko lebih besar daripada penerbang laki-laki untuk mengalami NPB, sebaiknya menjaga kondisi tubuh baik dari aktivitas maupun berat badan agar dapat mengurangi resiko terjadinya NPB

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Background: The incidence of low back pain that appears suddenly, unpredictable, and often relapses has the risk of discomfort and disability for pilots which can even increase the risk of incapacitation which can threaten flight safety. Aim of this study was to determine the correlation between NPB and its risk factors among fixed-wing commercial flight pilots in Indonesia.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on fixed-wing commercial flight pilots who conducting medical examination at Civil Aviation Medical Center in September-October 2021. Data collection was carried out through filling out prepared questionnaires and through medical records. For research parameters determining low back pain, the Indonesian language Oswestry Disability Index questionnaire was used which has been validated in other studies.

Results: among 410 respondents, consisting of 394 male respondents and 16 female respondents, 24 respondents (5.85%) experienced LBP. Further analysis showed that gender had a significant relationship with LBP (p = 0.01) compared to other factors (age, body mass index, and total flight hours).

Conclusions and suggestions: Female pilots have a greater risk than male pilots to experience LBP, it is better to maintain their condition both from activity and body weight in order to reduce the risk of LBP."

"ABSTRACTThe study of the effects of, communication on political participation in Bali is based on studies of a research team formed by LEKNASLIPI (the National Institute for Social and Economic Research, the Indonesian Science Institute) on the social effects of television on rural Indonesia. In the present study, political participation is regarded as a dependent variable that is studied in relationship with an independent variable of mass media. Closely related to the mass media variable is the role of opinion leaders. All these are studied in the early period of the television era in Bali. The study will investigate how mass media development influences the level of political participation. In order to explain the dependent variable more fully, some other variables that are regarded as playing important roles are also included in the study.. These variables are level of education, literacy, occupation, and economic capability.Political participation and political communication, as they are conceived of by the present study, are two terms that are closely related. The two terms have seemingly two rather different meanings, but conceptually their meanings are overlapping. The differences of the two terms lie in their emphasis. The emphasis of political participation is on the act of participation vis-à-vis the government, whereas the emphasis of political communication is on the flow of political messages. Political communication is inherent in political participation, and there is no political participation without political communication because political participation always contains the flow of messages directed to the government in order to influence the decision-making process. Since the terms political participation and political communication play dominant roles throughout this study, they deserve some more explication, which can be found in sections 1 and 2 of this chapter, respectively.Besides these two terms, two other subjects are dealt with in this chapter: one is the discussion on the channels of communication and the other concerns the data-collecting and data analysis of this study. Like the discussion on political participation and political communication, the analysis of the channels of communication is intended to ex-plain some communication terms used in this study. This part also deals with mass media and the opinion leadership. The last section of this chapter discusses the research methodology of this study and the way the data are analyzed.1. Political ParticipationThe study of political participation has been closely related to the study of democracy in general. The basic assumption is that participation in politics is indispensable in creating a democratic political system. Even though the term has been widely used, it does not mean that scholars dealing with the term include the same set of political activities in their analysis of political participation. Some scholars include certain political activities in their analysis of the term, some do not."

"The transition to motherhood may be difficult for some women. Part of the difficulty arises from the many new roles a woman must add to her preexisting roles. Most women make a successful transition to motherhood and adapt to their new roles. Taking on the role of motherhood and caring for an infant is satisfying (Brown, Lumley, Small, & Asbury, 1994; Lupton, 2000). However even within this group, women will report challenges in their lives, such as, trying to incorporate the infant into their busy lives. Positive appraisal and support from partners, family and health care professionals helps with a successful transition.While much has been written about the experiences of North American women in their transition to motherhood, there is little research-based information about the experiences of early motherhood in Indonesia. Anthropological studies examine becoming a mother as a "rite of passage? for a Women largely dealing with motherhood as being unproblematic. No nursing studies were located that examined this important phenomenon within the Indonesian culture. The need for knowledge about the experience of mothers among Indonesian women is important. Although motherhood is highly valued women can be expected to meet many ofthe same challenges that their counterparts in North American will meet as they become mothers for the first time. Many Indonesian women many at a young age and subsequently become mothers very early in their lives. Indonesian women experience high uncertainty about childbirth outcomes because there are high maternal and infant mortality rates (Departemen Kesehatan R.I., 1999). Many Indonesian women continue to follow traditional practices of postpartum care that make early motherhood highly ritualized. This may lead to conflict if health professionals do not recognize the importance of these practices to the mother and family. In order to plan effective nursing interventions to meet the health needs of new mothers and to assist them with a successful transition, it is important to have a better understanding of their situation. This study is an exploration of early motherhood among first time mothers in Indonesia through a phenomenological approach."