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"Rice fields located in Citarum Hilir watershed of Karawang district are more and more affected by growth of residential and industrial areas. This resulted in the need to have supporting rice fields elsewhere including in the upstream region. ln Citarum Hulu watershed, 19,5% fiom the existing rice fields is non-irrigated with 32,l9% of population work in the agriculture sector. But productivity of' non-irrigated rice fields of Citanim Hulu watershed is still low, which is below 25 kwintal/ha. One of the efforts to increase its productivity is to look at the local climate model. The low productivity may also be caused by factors such as slope and altitude, which are used as variables in Wilayah Tanah Usaha (WTU). Sandy (1985) wrote that growth and death of any plant in Indonesia depend on water. Awarding to Chang (1968) every process in a plant is affected by water. Furthermore, FAO believed that the growth requirement of a rice plant is also depended on water availability. Mohr, Schimdt-Ferguson, and Oldeman made climate classifications based on rainfall in relation with plant needs of irrigation. Spatial climate model and planting time/season are important factors in management of non-irrigated rice fields in Citarum Hulu watershed. These rice fields are nou-unifonnly found in the center down to the south. Rice production varies from 22 to 4l kw/ha where the majority produces 30-40 kw/ha. Productivity model for the northem part is varied, and to the south is more stable with productivity of 30-40 kw/ha. The annual average rainfall in Citarum Hulu watershed is 1770-3458 mm/yr where the majority of the region has in the range of 2000-3000 mm/yr. Maximum monthly rainfall is 558 mm and a minimum of 6 mm on average. Rainfall is high in the months of November to April and dry period is fiom June to August. Mol-rr?s climate classification is around class III - Vb where the majority is in class III-IV. Schmidt-Ferguson?s climate classification for this area is type C to type A, where the majority is in the wet type (A). 0Ideman?s climate classification varies from D3 to Bl where the majority ofthe region is in climate group C-B (humid-wet). ln general, climate model for Citarum Hulu watershed is as follows: in the center (around the city of Bandung) is almost always drier than its surrounding areas, specifically in the northem and southem parts that are mountainous. The distribution of non-irrigated rice fields has a strong correlation with the annual rainfall model of Schimdt-Ferguson and Oldeman, because as an area has more precipitation there tend to be non-irrigated rice fields. But it is not true with Mohr climate. A strong correlation in productivity of non-irrigated rice fields with rainfall model, Mohr, Schmidt-Ferguson, and Oldeman climate models mean that as a region receives more precipitation then 'there is a tendency of higher rice productivity. But there is also a tendency that if an area is extremely wet, the productivity will decrease. Planting season in the Citarum Hulu watershed is from October and May with 4 planting time models: October/February, October/March, November/March, and December/April. In the November/March, planting time is dominant in almost all of the watershed area. Part of the non-irrigated rice fields in Citarum Hulu watershed are still according to the WTU conception, that is 65,87%, which the majority is in the center. As for the rest of this region, they should be converted into protected forest areas (especially in the south) and hard plant agriculture (in the cast). Keywords: DAS Citarum Hulu, non-irrigated rice fields, rainfall, climate model, Mohr, Schmidt-Ferguson, Oldeman, WTU conception, planting time."

"ABSTRAKRomantisme di Indonesia dan Malaysia tidak seheboh munculnya di Eropa. Di Eropa romantisme muncul sebagai gerakan suatu zaman sedangkan di Indonesia dan Malaysia cenderung merupakan suatu visi dan gaya dalam penulisan karya sastra. Walaupun romantisme di Indonesia merupakan pengaruh dari romantisme Eropa, ciri-ciri romantisme Indonesia tetap memperlihatkan visi dan gaya tersendiri. Warna romantisme demikian terlihat pada perubahan bentuk, pilihan kata, lukisan alam, deskripsi masa silam, dan gaya diafan yang penuh pesona. Romantisme demikian menguatkan pada deskripsi sentimental dari pada deskripsi ideology. Namun, kedua romantisme itu? romantisme sentimental dan romantisme idealis tumbuh subur pada masa Pujangga Baru (1933-1942). Romantisme Pujangga Baru ini berpengaruh pada gaya penulisan yang ada di Malaysia."

"This research was aimed to initially test 40 rainfed lowland dedicated GSR lines along with 3 checks, i.e.PSBRC68, Situbagendit, and Silugonggo. The trial was conducted in ICRR experimental station in Sukamandiwith irrigation only until 2 weeks after transplanting and during flowering. The trial was conducted during DS2012 following Randomized Complete Block Design of three replication in 1 m x 1 m plot size and planting spaceof 20 cm x 20 cm. Transplanting was conducted to 21 days old seedings. The results showed that identified fiveline that have higher yields than the best check Silugonggo ( 4.22 t/ha ), which Luyin 46 ( 5.18 t/ha ), 926 ( 5.12t/ha ), SACG - 7 ( 4.46 t/ha ), LH1 ( 4.36 t/ha ) and Weed Tolerant Rice ( 4.30 t/ha ). A total of three lines , namelyZX788 ( 84 HSS ), 08FAN4 ( 89 HSS ) and D100 ( 91 HSS ) has a ripe age is significantly more early maturity ofthe check is very early maturing Silugonggo ( 95 HSS ). GSR lines tested had similar agronomic characters withexisting varieties, among others, from 46.67 to 100.2 cm plant height, number of productive tiller 6-10 fruit,flowering age 56-86 HSS, or physiological maturity round 84 -102 HSS, filled grain 47-185 grains per panicle,1000 grain weight 17.94 to 32.34 g, and the results ranged from 0.95 to 5.18 t/ha.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji awal daya adaptasi 40 galur GSR untuk padi sawah tadah hujan(GSR-Rainfed Lowland/GSR-RFLL) yang diintroduksi dari IRRI sebagai salah satu set pengujian dalam INGER(International Network for Rice Genetic Evaluation) beserta 3 varietas cek, yaitu PSBRC68, Situbagendit, danSilugonggo. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi sawah irigasi di Kebun Percobaan BB Padi di Sukamandi, namundengan perlakuan kering fase vegetatif, yaitu pengairan diberikan hingga dua minggu setelah tanam dan pada saattanaman berbunga, sebagai simulasi kondisi kering di lahan tadah hujan. Penelitian dilakukan pada MK 2012menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok tiga ulangan pada plot berukuran 1 m x 1 m dan jarak tanam 20 cm x 20cm. Tanam pindah dilaksanakan pada saat bibit berumur 21 HSS. Hasil pengujian mengidentifikasi lima galuryang memiliki daya hasil lebih tinggi daripada cek terbaik Silugonggo (4,22 t/ha), yaitu Luyin 46 (5,18 t/ha), 926(5,12 t/ha), SACG-7 (4,46 t/ha), LH1 (4,36 t/ha) dan Weed Tolerant Rice (4,30 t/ha). Sebanyak tiga galur, yaituZX788 (84 HSS), 08FAN4 (89 HSS) dan D100 (91 HSS) memiliki umur masak yang secara nyata lebih genjahdari cek sangat genjah Silugonggo (95 HSS). Galur-galur GSR yang diuji memiliki karakter agronomi setaradengan varietas unggul yang telah ada, antara lain tinggi tanaman 46,67-100,2 cm, jumlah anakan produktif 6-10buah, umur berbunga 56-86 HSS, atau masak fisiologis sekitar 84-102 HSS, gabah isi per malai 47-185 butir,bobot 1000 butir 17,94-32,34 g, dan hasil berkisar 0,95-5,18 t/ha."

"Penampungan air hujan (PAH) merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat diimplementasikan di perkotaan untuk menambah ketersediaan air baku dan mengurangi genangan banjir. Di Indonesia kajian potensi PAH pada wilayah berskala regional masih terbatas sehingga belum memberikan informasi yang cukup bagi penerapan praktis. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mendapatkan kurva tampungan PAH sehingga dapat menjadi acuan praktis bagi pengguna dalam memilih volume tampungan sesuai dengan luas bidang tangkap, besarnya kebutuhan air dan reliabilitas yang dikehendaki. Lokasi kajian berada di Provinsi DKI Jakarta dengan 4 wilayah administrasi yaitu Jakarta Timur, Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Utara. Kajian ini menggunakan metoda Analisis Simulasi untuk menghitung volume tampungan dengan 4 variasi luasan atap, kebutuhan air dan tingkat reliabilitas. Hasil analisis kurva tampungan menunjukkan semakin besar kebutuhan air dan tingkat reliabilitas yang dikehendaki, semakin besar pula volume tampungan yang dibutuhkan. Di wilayah Jakarta dimana PAH dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber air baku alternatif, dapat dipilih tampungan dengan tingkat reliabilitas 70%. Rumah dengan luas bidang tangkap lebih dari 140 m2 disarankan menggunakan tampungan 2 m3 sedangkan rumah yang lebih kecil dapat menggunakan tampungan 1 m3. Tampungan 2 m3 dapat melayani kebutuhan air maksimal 240 L/rumah/hari sedangkan tampungan 1 m3 dapat melayani maksimal 120 L/rumah/hari."

"Permasalahan umum yang dihadapi petani adalah hasil produksi pertanian yang fluktuatif. Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi pertanian masih mengandalkan cuaca, sedangkan saat ini kondisi cuaca tidak dapat ditentukan. Adanya musim kemarau yang panjang membuat masyarakat Desa Cilebak sering mengalami gagal panen. Para petani yang menggantungkan hidupnya pada hasil panen padi sawah tadah hujan tidak jarang mengalami kerugian, dikarenakan banyak petani yang berspekulasi atau untung- untungan menanam padi pada musim kemarau, sedangkan saat ini di Desa Cilebak tidak ada irigasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan aset yang dimliki petani padi sawah tadah hujan dan mendeskripsikan strategi bertahan hidup petani padi sawah tadah hujan saat musim kemarau, di Desa Cilebak Kecamatan Cilebak Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Melalui pemilihan informan secara purposive sampling, wawancara dilakukan dengan 13 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa petani sawah tadah hujan memiliki aset-aset yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk dapat memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari yaitu memiliki aset manusia (human capital) sebagai sumber daya manusia dan livelihood capabilities dalam atribut dasar mata pencaharian sebagai petani dengan melakukan keterampilan bertani, memiliki aset sosial (social capital) dengan melakukan aktivitas interaktif (claim and acces) di masyarakat. Diantaranya adalah hubungan erat dengan tetangga, gotong royong, mengikuti kegiatan kelompok tani, dan menjalin hubungan baik dengan keluarga, memiliki aset ekonomi (economic capital) sebagai bentuk stores and resources seperti tabungan, emas, pemanfaatan sawah dan pemanfaatan ternak. Petani sawah tadah hujan dalam menghadapi musim kemarau juga telah melakukan beberapa strategi bertahan hidup yaitu melakukan strategi dalam aktivitas produksi dengan cara bercocok tanam dan beternak, strategi dalam aktivitas pertukaran jasa dengan cara menjadi buruh bangunan, menarik ojeg, berdagang dan berhutang. Dan strategi dalam aktivitas konsumsi dengan cara menghemat pengeluaran sebagai strategi meminimalisir kebutuhan untuk bertahan hidup. Selain itu petani juga menghemat konsumsi padi, dan menyimpan padi di lumbung. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai ketahanan mata pencaharian rumah tangga secara berkelanjutan untuk menyediakan stok/penyimpanan hasil tani untuk digunakan saat menghadapi kemarau.

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A common problem faced by farmers is the fluctuation of agricultural production. This is because agricultural conditions still rely on the weather, while at this time the weather conditions cannot be determined. The existence of a long dry season makes the people of Cilebak Village often experience crop failure. Farmers who depend on their livelihoods on rainfed lowland rice harvests often experience losses, because many farmers speculate or have chance to plant rice during the dry season, whereas currently in Cilebak Village there is no irrigation. The purpose of this study was to describe the assets owned by rainfed lowland rice farmers and to describe the survival strategies of rainfed lowland rice farmers during the dry season, in Cilebak Village, Cilebak District, Kuningan Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach and descriptive research type. Through the selection of informants by purposive sampling, interviews were conducted with 13 informants. The results showed that rainfed rice farmers have assets that can be used to meet their daily needs, namely having human capital as a human resource and livelihood capabilities in the basic attributes of livelihood as a farmer by doing farming skills. social assets (social capital) by carrying out interactive activities (claim and access) in the community. Among them are close relations with neighbors, mutual cooperation, participating in farmer group activities, and establishing good relationships with families, having economic capital as a form of stores and resources such as savings, gold, utilization of rice fields and use of livestock. Rainfed rice farmers in facing the dry season have also implemented several survival strategies, namely implementing strategies in production activities by farming and raising livestock, strategies in service exchange activities by becoming construction workers, ojeg driver, trading, and they are in debt. And strategies in consumption activities by saving expenses as a strategy to minimize the need for survival. In addition, farmers also save on rice consumption, and store rice in barns. This is done as a sustainable livelihood security for the household to provide stock / storage of agricultural products for use in the face of drought."