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"The research about composition and structure of community ground animal around Sriwidjaja fertilizer factory was done on July 2001 until January 2002 to known composition and structure of community,chemist and physic factor of soil and related to composition and structure of community ground animal with dropping urea dust cause factory activity...."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan komposisi komunitas jenis tumbuhan bawah di areal Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango.° Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi yaitu lereng bawah, lereng atas, dan punggung bukit.° Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari bulan April hingga September 1999.Pencacahan flora menggunakan metode berpetak dengan 2 buah transek sepanjang 275 m. Pada setiap transek dibuat 25 petak berukuran lx1 m dengan jarak 10 m antar petak.Hasil pencacahan tumbuhan bawah pada 150 petak lx1 m2 di tiga lokasi penelitian Gunung Masigit mencatat 43 jenis tumbuhan yang tergolong ke dalam 39 marga dan 35 suku, dengan jenis-jenis utama Dipteris conjugata, Blechnum finlaysonianum, Impatiens javensis, tlrena lobata, Reds sp, Elatostemma sp, Smilax zeylanica, Schima wallrchrr, Phaius sp, Vitis adnanta, Dendrochyllum sp, Cyperus sp.Sebaran jenis tumbuhan bawah di lokasi penelitian, khususnya di Lereng Bawah dan Punggung Bukit, sangat heterogen. Penyebaran jenisjenis tertentu umumnya tidak terkait dengan sebaran jenis-jenis iainnya. Komunitas tumbuhan bawah di Lereng Bawah dan Lereng Atas dapat disebut sebagai komunitas Dipteris conjugate, sedangkan di Punggung Bukit disebut asosiasi D.conjugata-B.fnlaysonianum. Karakteristik tumbuhan bawah di lokasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komunitas tumbuhan di sana telah mengalami gangguan. Kadar air lapangan yang dimiliki jenis-jenis dominan seperti Dipteris conjugata dan Blechnum finlaysonianum, yang hanya sekitar 30 %, memiliki resiko.tjnggi terhadap bahaya kebakaran.

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ABSTRACTComposition and Structures Community Lowland Fires in Gunung Masigit and Preliminary Study of Natural Regeneration Forest Fire Gunung Masigit, G. Gede-Pangrango National ParkGunung Gede Pangrango National Park, is one of the Long-term Ecological Research Site in Indonesia. In the late 1997, the fires have burnt and destroyed nearly 300 ha forest in this park . Of nine location of hot spots recognized G.Masigit was the largest burnt area with the tot& of 250 ha . Undergrowth vegetation got the most severe impacts. Almost undergrowth vegetation in various location in study site were totally burnt. However, with in three months following burning new seedlings such as Omalanthus populneus, Macaranga tanarius , Trema orientalis appeared in the forest floor.°Abdulhadi et al. (1999) reported that those species were found as the component of seed bank in a permanent plot of this forest. Thus, it is believed that those seedlings might be recruited from seed bank or seed rain.The objective of the research is to find out the composition and structure of undergrowth forest a community after forest fire in Gunung Masigit, G. Gede-Pangrango National Park.Data collection were carried out between April and September 1999 at three areas, i.e. upper slope, lower slope, ridge. Four transects of 275 m were established within each site; each two transects established in burnt and unburnt forest. A long the each 275 m transect 25 plots of l x1 m were established with the interval of 10 m.A total of 43 species belong to 39 genera and 35 families were recorded within 150 plots of unburnt sites. The dominant species of the unburnt sites were Dipteris conjugata, Blechnum fnlaysonianum, Impatiens javensis, Urena lobalata, Pteris sp, Elatostemma sp, Smilax zeylanica, Schima wallichii, Phaius sp, Vitis adnanta, Dendrochy1/um sp, Cyperus sp.Based on their important value indices (I V I) the plant communities in lower and upper slopes were called Dipteris conjugata community, while in ridge site was an association of D_conjugata and Blechnum fin/aysonianum. The composition of undergrowth forest community observed during this study clearly indicated that G. Masigit has experienced some kind of disturbance before the fire in the late 1997.Field water capacities of the dominant plants of the undergrowth forest were about 30 %. It is believed that this condition makes the forest is under high risk of fires.The species richness of born sites was higher than in unburnt sites due to occurrence of the secondary species such as Melastoma balatrichum and Omalanthus populneus, that were not found in the unburnt site. There were 38 species found on the ridge, as the richest site, followed by upper slope 33 species , and the lower slope 21 species. Based on the life form, the undergrowth species in burning area can be classified to 18 species of trees, 6 species of shrubs, 9 species of lianas, 15 species of herbs, and 5 species of ferns.The undergrowth forest community in burnt sites was dominated by herbs and ferns indicated that the community was still in an early succession. The LVI of plant communities in burnt site showed that the lower slope was the association of Pteris sp-Flatostemma sp., the upper slope was a community of Cyperus sp, and the ridge was the association of Cyperus sp-Pteris sp.

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"Hutan mangrove merupakan hutan yang sangat produktif, baik dari segi ekonomis maupun ekologis. Terlepas dari manfaatnya hutan mangrove terus tertekan dan terdegradasi akibat dari aktivitas manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan sebaran dan menganalisis kesehatan hutan mangrove berdasarkan nilai indeks vegetasi Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dan kualitas lingkungannya. Variabel yang digunakan ialah nilai NDVI, dan kualitas lingkungan dengan parameter suhu perairan, salinitas perairan, pH perairan, dan tekstur substrat. Kesehatan dan kualitas lingkungan hutan mangrove diperoleh melalui pengolahan citra satelit sentinel 2-A tahun 2020 serta pengukuran lapangan. Kualitas lingkungan hutan mangrove diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode Ordinary Kriging pada data pengambilan sampel lapangan. Analisis tabular, statistik dan deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis kesehatan hutan mangrove. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai NDVI yang tersebar di hutan mangrove Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai semakin menurun mendekati tepi sungai, tepi pantai, dan mendekati daratan. Parameter kualitas lingkungan mangrove di Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai berdasarkan suhu perairan, salinitas perairan, pH perairan, dan tekstur substrat bervariasi. Perairan dengan rentang suhu yang tinggi terdapat pada barat daya Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai. Salinitas perairan semakin tinggi di mangrove yang dekat dengan pantai. pH perairan hutan mangrove sebagian besar memiliki keasaman netral dan tekstur substrat pada hutan mangrove didominasi tekstur lempung berpasir. Kesehatan hutan mangrove Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai didominasi oleh kategori sehat. Kesehatan hutan mangrove semakin buruk mendekati tepi pantai dan tepi sungai. Vegetasi mangrove dengan kondisi baik cenderung memiliki kondisi kualitas lingkungan yang optimal dan begitu pula sebaliknya.

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Mangrove forest is a very productive forest, both economically and ecologically. Despite its benefits, mangrove forests continue to be degraded as a result of human activities. The purpose of this study was to map the distribution and analyze the health of mangrove forests based on the value of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) vegetation index and environmental quality. The variables used are NDVI values, and environmental quality with parameters of water temperature, water salinity, water pH, and substrate texture. The health and environmental quality of mangrove forests were obtained through the processing of Sentinel 2-A satellite imagery in 2020 and field measurements. The environmental quality of the mangrove forest was obtained using the Ordinary Kriging method on field sampling data. Tabular, statistical and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the health of the mangrove forest. The results of the analysis show that the NDVI values ​​scattered in the mangrove forest of the Ngurah Rai Forest Park are decreasing towards the riverbanks, the coast, and closer to the mainland. The quality of the mangrove environment in Ngurah Rai Forest Park based on water temperature, water salinity, water pH, and substrate texture varies. Waters with a high temperature range are found in the southwest of Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai. The salinity of the waters is higher in the mangroves close to the coast. The pH of mangrove forest waters mostly has neutral acidity and the texture of the substrate in mangrove forests is dominated by sandy loam texture. The health of the mangrove forest of the Taman Hutan Raya Ngurah Rai is dominated by the mangrove with healthy category. The health of the mangrove forest is getting worse closer to the shore and riverbanks. Mangrove vegetation with good conditions tends to have optimal environmental quality conditions and vice versa."

"ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan telah menjadi ancaman cukup serius bagi masyarakatsecara global pada dua dekade terakhir karena kontribusinya terhadap rusaknyaekosistem, peningkatan emisi karbon, penurunan keanekaragaman hayati,gangguan kesehatan, dan kerugian ekonomi. Kalimantan merupakan daerah yangrawan terhadap bencana kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui model identifikasi burned area yang paling sesuai diaplikasikan diKalimantan dengan menggunakan citra MODIS serta mengkaji sebaran burnedarea secara spasial (spatial distribution). Identifikasi burned area dilakukandengan menggunakan indeks vegetasi (NDVI), indeks kebakaran (NBR), dannilai reflektansi dari citra MODIS. Analisis sebaran secara spasial dilakukandengan menumpangsusunkan (overlay) antara burned area dengan variabelvariabelpenutup lahan, curah hujan, elevasi, kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, danjarak dengan permukiman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari semuamodel, model NBR memberikan tingkat akurasi paling tinggi, yaitu sebesar 0,635atau 63,5%. Luas total burned area di Kalimantan pada tahun 2011 sekitar343.290 ha. Sebaran spasial burned area di Kalimantan sebagian besar beradapada suatu wilayah yang mempunyai karakteristik; (a) curah hujan bulanankurang dari 200 mm/bulan, (b) jenis tanah Tropohemists, Tropaquepts, atauQuartzipsaments, (c) penutup lahan semak/belukar, sawah, hutan, atauladang/tegalan, (d) elevasi di bawah 100 meter dpl, (e) datar dengan kemiringan 0? 3%, dan (f) relatif dekat dengan permukiman.

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Abstract Forest and land fire has been a serious threat for global communities since twolast decades because their contribution to ecosystem damages, carbon emissionincreasing, biodiversity decreasing, healthy interfering, and also economic lost.Kalimantan is the prone area of the forest and land fire. Objectives of the researchare to find out the appropriate identification model of burned area derived fromMODIS imagery and to analyze their spatial distribution. The burned areaidentification was developed by using the variabels extracted from MODISimagery such vegetation index (NDVI), burn index (NBR), and reflectance values.Then, the spatial distribution was analyzed by using overlay methods betweenburned area and variabels of rainfall, landcover, elevation, slope, soil type and thedistances from settlements. The research concludes that among several models,the NBR model show the highest accuracy, that is 63,5 %. Total of the burnedarea in Kalimantan for 2011 was about 343,290 hectares. The burned area spatialdistribution in Kalimantan mostly located on the regions which havecharacteristics; (a) rainfall less than 200 mm/month, (b) soil type of Tropohemists,Tropaquepts, or Quartzipsaments, (c) landcover of shrublands, paddy fields,forests, or croplands, (d) elevation less than 100 metres asl, (e) flat regions withslope about 0 ? 3%, and (f) relatively near from settlements."

"ABSTRAKTumbuhan bawah merupakan bagian dari keanekaragaman hayati yangmemiliki fungsi ekologis yang penting di dalam ekosistem hutan serta potensipemanfaatan bagi manusia yaitu sebagai sumber pangan, papan, dan obat-obatan.Keberadaan tumbuhan bawah seringkali terabaikan sehingga Hutan KotaMuhammad Sabki (HKMS) belum mempunyai data tentang tumbuhan bawah.Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas serta potensipemanfaatan tumbuhan bawah di HKMS Kota Jambi. Data dikumpulkan daribulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Februari 2012 dengan menggunakan metodegaris berpetak dalam 100 petak contoh (1 m x 1 m) secara sistematis.Ditemukan sebanyak 45 famili yang terdiri atas 83 spesies dan 3674 individu.Nilai Kepentingan tertinggi diperoleh spesies herba Pennisetum purpureum(71,81%). Kerapatan individu tertinggi ada pada petak pengamatan 61(209 individu). Spesies dengan nilai frekuensi tertinggi adalahMelastoma malabathricum (37%). Terdapat asosiasi di antara lima spesies yangmemiliki nilai frekuensi tertinggi. Bentuk hidup (life form) tumbuhan bawahterbanyak adalah semai pohon (39 spesies). Indeks Keanekaragaman spesiessebesar 2,49. Komposisi spesies asli Indonesia di Zona Pemanfaatan Sedang(ZPS) lebih tinggi dari pada di Zona Pemanfaatan Rendah (ZPR). Hasilwawancara kepada masyarakat sekitar HKMS, pemanfaatan tumbuhan terbanyakadalah untuk bahan obat-obatan (53 spesies), bahan pangan tambahan(23 spesies), bahan bangunan dan peralatan rumah tangga (18 spesies), kayu bakar(15 spesies), tanaman hias (10 spesies), dan kerajinan (7 spesies). Pengukurannilai Index of Cultural Significance (ICS) untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatantumbuhan bawah menurut status pengetahuan masyarakat sekitar HKMS. NilaiICS tertinggi diperoleh spesies Tamarindus indica (50) dengan 3 kategoripemanfaatan yaitu sebagai bahan pangan tambahan, bahan obat-obatan dan kayubakar.

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AbstractUnderstorey plant is a part of forest having important ecological functionsin the forest ecosystem and the potential for human use is as a source of food,shelter, and medicine. The existence of the plant is often overlooked that HKMSdoes not have data on understorey plant. The study aims to analyze thecommunity structure as well as the potential use of understorey plant in HKMSKota Jambi. The data was collected from January 2012 to February 2012 with thequadrate transect method in 100 sample plots (1 m x 1 m) were systematically.Found as many as 45 families comprising 83 species and 3674 individuals. HighImportance Value obtained by herbaceous species Pennisetum purpureum(71,81%). The highest density at plot 61 (209 individuals). The species with thehighest frequency is Melastoma malabathricum (37%). There are five speciesforming association. Life form are the largest tree seedlings (39 species). Speciesdiversity index of 2.49. The native species of Indonesia composition in ZonaPemanfaatan Sedang (ZPS) is higher than in Zona Pemanfaatan Rendah (ZPR).The results of interviews to the people around HKMS, most plants use is formedicinal (53 species), secondary food (23 species), building materials andhousehold appliances (18 species), firewood (15 species), ornamental plants (10species), and craft (7 species). The highest Index of Cultural Significance (ICS)value derived species Tamarindus indica (50) with three using categories, namelythe use of additional food, medicine materials and firewood."