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"Since the 1980's there has been a growing phenomenon in Indonesia of women moving out to work overseas. The main destination countries of this movement is Saudi Arabia, but some other countries in the Middle East, such as Abu Dhabi< United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain and Qatar have also important destinations in recent years. There are strong economic factors influencing labor migration such as dearth of job opportunities in the areas of their origin. However, the phenomenon in Indonesia has other important dimensions. The majority of Indonesian female labor migrants to Saudi Arabia work as domestic workers. Many of them had bas as well as good experiences working overseas in terms of have employers treated them. This paper is an elaboration on indonesian female migrant workers' experiences working in Saudi Arabia based on a study among returned migrants in their places of origin in Indramayu and Cianjur districts in West Java. West Java is known as one of Indonesian provinces where many international female labor migrants to the Middle East came from. The many cases of mistreatment and bad working experiences among Indonesian returned female migrants in the study area do not seem to deter a number of them to work in Saudi Arabia. Some returned female migrants in the study area believe that what they would experience during their work overseas depended on their fate."
Journal of Population, 8 (1) 2002 : 73-98, 2002
JOPO-8-1-2002-73
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Prachowny, Martin F.J.
New York: Routledge, 1997
331.1 PRA w
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Achmad Zulfikar
"This study aims to describe and analyze the development of the harmonization of international conventions of migrant workers rights with the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act and to examine the process of adopting the substance of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into the Indonesian Migrant Workers Act. This study uses legal normative research method by reviewing principles, concepts of law and related legislations and regulations. The results of this study shows that: harmonization of international conventions on the protection of migrant workers' rights into Law No. 18 of 2017 is carried out through a transformation that refers to the position of international conventions in Indonesian national law; and the substance of international conventions to protect the rights of migrant workers is adopted through two processes which are a political process of discussion of Amendment of Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 by the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia and civil society organizations and a legal processof referring Law No. 6 of 2012 in Amendment to Law No. 39 of 2004 to become Law No. 18 of 2017 version of May 2016 and identifying seven findings to compare the Law No. 18 of 2017 and the ratification law of the Convention."
Jakarta: Policy Analysis and Development Agency, 2019
300 JHLN 5:1 (2019)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Nafis Danasagraha
"Laporan magang ini membahas mengenai proses persiapan pelaporan SPT untuk WNI yang bekerja di luar negeri yang dilakukan oleh KKP TAG. Proses persiapan pelaporan ini dilakukan dari pengumpulan data-data yang diperlukan, melakukan perhitungan yang perlu dilakukan, hingga pembuatan Surat Pemberitahuan Tahunan. Laporan magang ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengevaluasi keseluruhan proses persiapan pelaporan SPT dan refleksi diri atas pengalaman magang. Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara mengevaluasi proses pelaporan yang dilakukan oleh KKP TAG dengan mengacu pada peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Berdasarkan evaluasi yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa KKP TAG dalam proses persiapan pelaporan SPT yang dilakukan telah sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku di Indonesia.

This internship report discusses the entire process of preparing tax return reporting for Indonesian citizen working aboard carried out KKP TAG. The preparation process for this report is carried out from collecting the necessary data, doing the necessary calculations, to preparing the tax return. The purpose of this internship report is to evaluate the entire process of preparing the SPT reporting as well as self-reflection on the internship experience. This is accomplished by comparing the KKP TAG's reporting process to the Indonesian tax regulations.Based on the evaluation that has been carried out, it is concluded that the process of tax return preparation by KKP TAG is in accordance with the applicable tax regulation in Indonesia"
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan BIsnis Universitas Indonesia, 2022
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UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Aubrey Firaekayoga
"Migrasi tenaga kerja sebagai sebuah proses bergender, dibangun di atas norma gender tradisional perempuan. Namun, perempuan pekerja migran, dengan segala tantangan yang mereka hadapi, bergerak menantang konstruksi gender tradisional untuk bertahan hidup. Belum banyak penelitian dalam studi migrasi tenaga kerja di Indonesia yang menggunakan perspektif gender untuk membongkar fenomena tersebut, dan bagaimana pemberdayaan dapat dicapai pada tahap pascamigrasi dan reintegrasi. Studi ini menganalisis berbagai tantangan yang dihadapi perempuan purna pekerja migran Indonesia (PMI) dalam proses reintegrasi di daerah asalnya setelah kembali dari luar negeri. Dengan menggunakan konsep performativitas gender oleh Judith Butler (1990) dan relasi gender, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguak bagaimana gender memengaruhi pengalaman migrasi perempuan, mulai dari keputusan awal untuk bermigrasi hingga pengalaman pascamigrasi. Penelitian ini juga menyoroti pentingnya mempertimbangkan interseksionalitas gender dengan faktor-faktor lain seperti kelas, ras, dan etnis dalam memahami pengalaman migrasi secara holistik. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan metode penelitian feminisme empiris dalam mengeksplorasi pengalaman perempuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Tulisan ini berargumen bahwa manajemen sistem migrasi di Indonesia masih didasarkan pada pendekatan top-down yang mengutamakan kepentingan para pengambil keputusan elit dibandingkan kepentingan pekerja migran. Pendekatan tersebut telah menyebabkan marginalisasi pengalaman perempuan dan berlanjutnya diskriminasi berbasis gender, sehingga pendekatan yang lebih inklusif dan sensitif gender bersifat bottom-up diperlukan untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh pekerja migran, khususnya perempuan, dalam berintegrasi kembali ke dalam komunitas mereka. Studi ini juga menyoroti bagaimana integrasi pendekatan top-down dan bottom-up dapat menghasilkan reintegrasi yang mampu melayani kepentingan seluruh lapisan aktor. Temuan penelitian ini mempunyai implikasi terhadap pengembangan kebijakan dan manajemen sistem migrasi tenaga kerja yang lebih inklusif dan sensitif gender di Indonesia, dan berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih mendalam mengenai studi migrasi yang kompleks dan beragam. Studi ini juga berkontribusi pada pengayaan literatur migrasi dan mengisi kesenjangan penelitian mengenai kepulangan dan reintegrasi.

Labor migration as a gendered process, builds on traditional female gender norms. However, female migrant workers, with all the challenges they face, challenge traditional gender constructions to survive. There has not been much research in the study of labor migration in Indonesia that uses a gender perspective to reveal this phenomenon, and how empowerment can be achieved at the post-migration and reintegration stages. This study examines the challenges faced by Indonesian female migrant workers in reintegrating into their communities after returning from abroad. Drawing on the concept of gender performativity by Judith Butler (1990) and gender relations, the research investigates how gender shapes the migration experience, from the initial decision to migrate to the post-migration experience. The study also highlights the importance of considering the intersectionality of gender with other factors such as class, race, and ethnicity in understanding the migration experience. This qualitative research utilizes empirical feminism method to explore the experiences of women to answer the research question. The study argues that the management of international labor migration in Indonesia is still based on a top-down approach that prioritizes the interests of elite decision-makers over those of migrant workers. This approach has led to the marginalization of women's experiences and the perpetuation of gender-based discrimination. The study suggests that a more inclusive and gender-sensitive approach is needed to address the challenges faced by migrant workers, particularly women, in reintegrating into their communities. The integration of top-down and bottom-up approaches can result in a more holistic and inclusive reintegration process that meets the needs of all stakeholders.The findings of this study have implications for the development of more inclusive and gender-sensitive migration policies in Indonesia, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex and multifaceted nature of migration. This study also contributes to the enrichment of the migration literature body and filling the research gap regarding return and reintegration."
Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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"The focus of this research is a problem occured in a radio segmented for and managed by women. Conducting on a female radio located in East Java-Indonesia, this research employed cultural production approach and Gramscian thoughts on hegemony. The result shows that working women experienced various conflict over their existence as media workers. At institutional as well as societal level, as they decided to go into media industry, these women had to face media condition which is masculine and capitalistic in nature. This condition puts up women workers to follow the logic of capitalism which will certainly exploit them."
Thesis: Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Komunikasi, V (3) September-Desember 2006: 31-47,
TJPI-V-3-SeptDes2006-31
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sri Mulyanti Rahayu
"Kejelasan peraturan merupakan salah satu faktor yang mendorong kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam memenuhi kewajiban perpajakannya.
Dalam rangka alih teknologi, perusahaan KPS di Indonesia mengirimkan karyawan WNI ke luar negeri dan terdapat tiga jenis pembiayaan, yaitu pembiayaan yang ditanggung sepenuhnya oleh perusahaan tempat para karyawan tersebut bekerja di luar negeri, pembiayaan ditanggung oleh perusahaan KPS di Indonesia, dan kombinasi dari kedua jenis pembiayaan ini.
Masalah yang timbul dalam pengiriman karyawan KPS ke luar negeri adalah kewajiban perpajakan apa saja yang harus dilakukan oleh perusahaan KPS XYZ, Ltd. selaku pemberi kerja dan kewajiban perpajakan karyawan KPS sebagai wajib pajak orang pribadi di Indonesia serta apakah persetujuan penghindaran pajak berganda cukup efektif dalam menyelesaikan masalah wajib pajak penduduk rangkap.
Pajak merupakan salah satu sumber penerimaan negara yang sangat panting yang dipergunakan untuk penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Setiap negara mempunyai wewenang untuk memungut pajak atas penghasilan dari wajib pajak di wilayahnya. Dengan semakin berkembangnya pendagangan internasional, konflik yurisdiksi pemajakan tidak dapat dihindari. Perjanjian penghindaran pajak berganda merupakan perjanjian bilateral antara dua negara untuk mengatasi masalah pengenaan pajak berganda karena konflik adanya konflik yurisdiksi pemajakan ini.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif (desknptif analisis). Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dengan membaca dan mempelajan teori, peraturan perpajakan yang terkait dengan masalah ini serta peraturan pelaksanaannya dan pengamatan praktek di lapangan pada perusahaan KPS XYZ, Ltd. di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga dilengkapi dengan membandingkan praktek pemajakan di beberapa negara dan perjanjian penghindaran pajak berganda Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat.
Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa XYZ, Ltd. bukan pemberi kerja dalam hal pembiayaan ditanggung oleh perusahaan tempat karyawan KPS tersebut bekerja di luar negeri; sebagai pemberi kerja jika pembiayaan seluruhnya ditanggung oleh perusahaan XYZ, Ltd. di Indonesia. Jika pembiayaan sebagian ditanggung oleh perusahaan di Indonesia dan sebagian ditanggung oleh perusahaan tempat karyawan KPS tersebut bekerja di luar negeri, terdapat dua (2) pemberi kerja, yakni XYZ, Ltd. di Indonesia dan perusahaan tempat karyawan KPS tersebut bekerja di luar negeri. Karyawan KPS yang bekerja di luar negeri, tetap merupakan wajib pajak dalam negeri orang pribadi di Indonesia, akan tetapi peraturan perpajakan di Indonesia belum mengatur mengenai mekanisme pelaporan SPT dari luar negeri. Dalam menyelesaikan masalah wajib pajak penduduk rangkap, persetujuan penghindaran pajak berganda Indonesia belum efektif. Sebaiknya, peraturan perpajakan yang ada disempumakan untuk mendorong kepatuhan wajib pajak, dengan memberikan ketentuan yang lebih rinci mengenai pengertian pemberi kerja, mekanisme pelaporan SPT dan luar negeri serta dibenkannya ketentuan yang lebih tegas dalam P3B dalam menyelesaikan masalah penduduk rangkap.

A clear and firm tax regulation is one of the most significant factors which will influence the taxpayer to fulfill their tax obligation.
Due the need of the transfer of technology in oil and gas exploration, Production Sharing Contractor assigns their employee working overseas. There are 3 (three) types of the costing for this kind of assignment. First, the employee remuneration is fully borne by the company overseas; the second type is fully covered by the Production Sharing Contractor in Indonesia and the third one is partly borne by the Production Sharing Contractor in Indonesia and by the company overseas.
There are cases impacted by that kind of assignment and costing such as the tax obligation which has to be fulfilled by the Production Sharing Contractor as the employer as well as for those employees as an individual taxpayer in Indonesia. Another issue is whether the tax treaty effectively resolves the dual resident taxpayer cases.
Tax contributes significantly to the government revenue. For this purpose, each country has their right to collect the tax from the taxpayer income within their country. Along with the international trade, conflict of the tax jurisdiction can not be avoided. Tax treaty is one of the ways to resolve this problem.
This research is based on the qualitative methodology approach (descriptive analysis) which uses the secondary data though literatures; text books; the respective tax regulations as well as the tax procedures. This research is a study case at XYZ, Ltd., a Production Sharing Contractor, in Indonesia. As a comparison, this research has also been referred to the several countries' tax regulation and implementationaswellas the tax treaty within the Government of Indonesia and the United States of America.
This research proves that XYZ, Ltd. is categorized as the employer in case of the employment cost is fully borne by XYZ, Ltd. in Indonesia; not as an employer when the cost is fully covered by the company overseas. For the cost shared, there will be 2 (two} employers which are XYZ, Ltd. in Indonesia and the company overseas. Even though working and living overseas, employee of XYZ, Ltd. are categorized as the individual taxpayer in Indonesia and has to fulfill their tax obligation in Indonesia, however the tax report mechanism form abroad has not been clearly defined. To anticipate the dual resident taxpayer, the Indonesian tax treaty does not effectively resolve the issue. To influence the taxpayer to fulfill their tax obligation, a clear definition of an employer, a definite tax report mechanism from abroad has to be covered by the tax regulation in Indonesia. The Indonesian tax treaty has to cover a firm rule on how to resolve the dual resident taxpayer.
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Depok: Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Indonesia, 2004
T13993
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Blake, Donald J.
Djakarta : Lembaga Penyelidikan ekonomi dan Masjarakat Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Indonesia, 1962
331.991 BLA i
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Tri Anjung Wulandari
"Penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan pendidikan dan partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan di Jawa Barat. Penulis menemukan bahwa pendidikan berdampak negatif dengan signifikansi 1% terhadap partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan di Jawa Barat. Hasil survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional Tahun 2018–2022 digunakan untuk metode kuantitatif yang menerapkan model Binary Logistic Regression. Selain itu, status pernikahan dan status KRT berdampak positif pada partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan di Jawa Barat. Penulis juga menemukan bahwa faktor-faktor seperti jenis instansi dan gaji berdampak pada partisipasi tenaga kerja perempuan. Untuk mendukung temuan kuantitatif, penulis menggunakan analisis kualitatif yang mencakup survei kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam.

This study analyses the relationship between education and female labour force participation in West Java. The author found that education has a negative impact with 1% significance on female labour force participation in West Java. The results of the 2018-2022 National Labour Force survey were used for the quantitative method that applied the Binary Logistic Regression model. In addition, marital status and household head status have a positive impact on female labour force participation in West Java. The authors also found that factors such as agency type and salary have an impact on female labour force participation. To support the quantitative findings, the authors used qualitative analysis that included a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews."
Depok: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia, 2024
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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