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"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengestimasi dampak liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap probabilitas anak bekerja pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Indonesia dalam kurun waktu tahun 2000-2008. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode analisis yaitu metode yang dikembangkan oleh Kovak (2013) untuk menghitung nilai regional tariff exposure akibat liberalisasi perdagangan di tingkat kabupaten/kota dan metode probit model untuk melihat dampak liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap probabilitas anak bekerja. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa adanya liberalisasi perdagangan berkontribusi terhadap penurunan probabilitas anak bekerja di Indonesia. Adanya peningkatan pendapatan riil rumah tangga yang disebabkan oleh liberalisasi perdagangan dapat menguntungkan bagi kelompok rumah tangga sehingga dapat menurunkan probabilitas anak bekerja.

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of trade liberalization toward the probability of the children to enter to workplace at the distric level in Indonesia for the period of 2000 up to 2008. This study employs two analytical methods. They are the methods which is developed by Kovak (in 2013) to calculate the value of regionall tariff exposure due to trade liberalization in the distric level and Probit model which is to measure the impact of trade liberalization toward the probability of the extend of child work. This study reveal that the trade liberalization have contributed to the decrease in the probability of child work. Besides that, trade liberalization also enhances household real income which indirectly contributes to the decrease of the probability of the children to work."

"The amandement was made in article 27 paragraph (1) of UUD 1945 acknowledge the principle of equality before the law. On the the side, the position of women in all regulations in Indonesia is still discriminated, particularly when they want to work in public sectors. In act number 7, 1984 : The ratification of the Government Republic of Indonesia to the Convention of Elimination Discrimination Against Women, not automaticly to make the position of men and women become equal i Indonesia. The reality show that based on the regulations, customs and religion norms, the position of women is not clear yet enough."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai liberalisasi sektor telekomunikasi di Indonesia sebagai bentuk komitmen Indonesia di WTO, khususnya ketentuan General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) dengan melihat pada Schedule of Commitment dan regulasi domestik Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode nonnatif preskriptif untuk melihat scjauh mana perkembangan liberalisasi sektor telekomunikasi di Indonesia serta kesiapan Indonesia dalam rnenghadapi liberaJisasi agar dapat memanfuatkan peluang sekaligus melindungi kepentingan nasional Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa liberalisasi sektor telekornunikasi di Indonesia telah dimulai dengan pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 1999 Tentang Telekomunikasi serta berakhimya konsep monopoli di sektor telekomunikasi Indonesia. Dalam perkembangannya pemerintah telah melakukan upaya yang cukup menunjang dalam rangka menghadapi liberalisasi agar dapat efektif memanfaatkan hasil libernlisasi.

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This thesis is concerning about liberalization of telecommunication sector in Indonesia as Indonesian's commitment in WTO, especially stipulation in General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) by refers on Schedule of Commitment and domestic regulation in Indonesia. This research is conducted using nonnative prescriptive methods to discover how far are the liberalizations of telecommunication sector development in Indonesia and the preparation of the country in dealing with liberalization so it will be able to take advantage of opportunities and also to protect Indonesia’s interests. The result of the research shows that the liberalizations of telecommunication sector in Indonesia has initiated by the Act no 36, 1999 About Telecommunication and the end of monopoly concept in Telecommunication sector of Indonesia. Within the development, the govermment conducted moderate value of supporting effort in order to deal with liberalization to be effective in utilize liberalization output."

"Artikel ini menelaah resiliensi dan perilaku bertahan (coping behavior) gadis-gadis remaja dari pedesaan Indramayu (Jawa Barat) yang masuk (juga yang menolak masuk) ke dalam dunia perdagangan seks..."

"Artikel ini menelaah resiliensi dan perilaku bertahan (coping behavior) gadis-gadis remaja dari pedesaan Indramayu (Jawa Barat) yang masuk (juga yang menolak masuk) ke dalam dunia perdagangan seks...."