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"Rumput laut Euchema cottonii mengandung bahan kimia penting yaitu kappa karagenan Produksi senyawa kappa karagenan tersebut sebagai hasil biosintesis did.uga akan bertambah dengan bertambahnya umur tanainan rumput laut. Dalam penelitian ini dicoba untuk mengisolasi kappa karagenan dan mencari hubungan antara lama penanaman rumput laut Euchema cottorii terhadap rendemen dan viskositas kappa karagenan Disamping itu, ailakuian penguKuran c.aa.ar oeuerapa logam berat pencemar yang terdapat dalam rumput laut Euchema cottonim, kappa karagenan hasil isolasi dan dalam air laut lokasi penanaman. Kappa karagenan rumput laut Euchema cottonii pada berbagam lama penanaman (0 - 6 minggu) dmisolasi melalum beoerapa tahap yaitu ekstraksi dengan larutan NaOH 0,1N (kondisi pH 8, suhu 80°C dan v.aktu 0,5 jam), penyaringan dengan bantuan filtrasi bertekanan dan pengendapan dengan cara penambahan isopropil alkohol Selan3utnya, kappa karagenan hasil isolasi tersebut diukur viskositasnya dengan menggunakan alat viskometer VT 180 Identifikasi kappa karagenan dilakukan dengan cara mengukur spektrum serapan infra merah, sedangkan kadar logam (Pb, Cr, Cu dan Cd) ditentukan dengan cara destruksi, se1anutnya diukur dengan alat AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumput laut Euchema cottonii mengalami perta'nbahan berat maksimum (101,28 %) dan kecepatan pertum.buhan maksimum (8,51 %) pada masa penanaman minCD gu kedua Rendemen kappa karagenan maksimum pada lama penanaman 5 minggu (74,52 %), sedangkan viskositas kappa karagenan maksimum pada lama penanaman 6 minggu (161+,25 cP) Kadar rata-rata keempat logam Pb, Cr, Cu dan Cd dalam air laut adalah Pb 0,04 ppm, Cr 0,04 ppm, Cu 0,14 ppm dan Cd 0,02 ppm, pada rutnput laut Euchema cottonil adalah Pb 0,99 ppm, Cr 2,79 ppm, Cu 4,60 ppm dan Cd 0,76 ppm, sedangkan pada kappa karagenan hasil isolasi adalah Pb 0,04 ppm, Cr 1,66 ppm, Cu 2,58 ppm dan Cd 0,54 ppm"

"Telah dilakukan penelitian di Laboratorium Biologi Reproduksi dan Perkembangan, Departemen Biologi FMIPA UI pada bulan Januari--April 2004 untuk mengetahui pengaruh pencekokan senyawa statin hasil fermentasi Monascus purpureus Went TISTR 3090 pada medium tempe kedelai terhadap spermatogenesis mencit (Mus musculus L.) galur DDY. Pencekokan dilakukan setiap hari selama 36 hari berturut-turut terhadap 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu satu kelompok kontrol negatif (KK 1) yang hanya dicekok dengan larutan CMC 1%, satu kelompok kontrol positif (KK 2) yang dicekok dengan tepung tempe dosis 14 mg/kg bb/hari dan satu kelompok eksperimen (KE) yang dicekok dengan filtrat kering statin dosis 14 mg/kg bb/hari. Pada hari ke-37, semua mencit percobaan dikorbankan dengan cara dislokasi vertebrae servikalis, kemudian pembedahan untuk diambil organ testisnya dan ditimbang. Selanjutnya pembuatan sediaan histologi dengan metode parafin dilakukan untuk diamati secara mikroskopik. Parameter yang diukur adalah berat organ testis, diameter tubulus seminiferus, dan struktur histologi sel-sel spermatogenik dengan skor metode Johnsen. Hasil uji statistik Kruskal Wallis menunjukkan bahwa diameter tubulus seminiferus dan skor metode Johnsen pada kelompok mencit yang dicekok filtrat kering statin dosis 14 mg/kg bb/hari (KE) tidak mengalami penurunan yang bermakna. Demikian pula hasil uji ANAVA menunjukkan bahwa berat testis kelompok mencit yang dicekok dengan filtrat kering statin dosis 14 mg/kg bb/hari (KE) tidak mengalami penurunan yang bermakna. Dengan demikian proses spermatogenesis tidak mengalami hambatan."

"Susu sapi dan kedelai mempunyai kandungan mineral yang berbeda dan hal ini mempengaruhi proses remineralisasi pada gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman gigi dalam susu sapi dan susu kedelai setelah demineralisasi. Dua puluh satu spesimen gigi premolar atas manusia diukur kekerasannya sebelum perlakuan, dan didemineralisasi dengan jus jeruk. Gigi dibagi ke dalam tiga kelompok (n=7) kemudian direndam dalam aquades, susu sapi dan susu kedelai. Semua kelompok menunjukkan peningkatan nilai kekerasan yang bermakna (p<0,05). Susu sapi memberikan peningkatan kekerasan email paling tinggi diantara ketiga kelompok, namun belum dapat mengembalikan kekerasan email seperti semula.

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Cow’s milk and soy milk have different mineral content an this can affects the tooth remineralization process. The aim of this study is to determine effect of immersed teeth in bovine and soy milk after demineralization. Twenty one specimens of human maxillary premolar enamel hardness measured before intervension, and then demineralized with orange juice. Tooth were divided ito three groups (n=7) then immersed in distilled water, cow’s milk and soy milk. There is significant increase of enamel hardness in all groups (p<0,05). Cow’s milk provide highest increase in enamel hardness among the three groups, but has not been able to restore the enamel hardness as before."

"SUMMARY This research was carried out to study the diversity of Rhizopus in Irian Jaya. Tempe samples were collected from regions in Irian Jaya. The aim of this research was to Isolate and Identify Rhizopus spp. from traditionally made tempe, to make usar from the Rhizopus sp. isolates, and to produce tempe from the chosen usar. Isolation was done using direct plating method. Nineteen Rhizopus spp. isolates have been isolated from soybean tempe collected from several regions in Irian Jaya. Examination of their morphological characteristics, growth temperature, and spore ornamentation, showed that eighteen isolates belong to the Rh. microsporus group: two isolates were Rh. microsporus var. oligosporus, sixteen isolates were Rh. microsporus var. chinensis. One isolate was Rh. oryzae. The isolates were examined for their ability to produce usar. Out of the nineteen isolates that were tested, only seven produced good usar (inoculum): six isolates from Rh. microsporus var. chinensis, and one of Rh. oryzae. The amount of spores before and after inoculum production were determined by Total Plate Count (TPC) method. The average of viable spores from all isolates before the inoculum production was ((2.5-3.2)x14' cetllmly, and after the inoculum production was ((1.2-1.8)x104 celllg). The usars (Inocula) from seven Isolates were examined to produce tempe. The Rh. oryzae inoculum produced better tempe than the Rh. microsporus var. chinensis Inoculum based on colour, texture, aroma and shelf-life."

"ABSTRAKBlood lipid is one of the factors which might cause atheroschlerosis especially if hyperlipidemia occurs (blood total cholesterol > 200 mg/dl and triglyceride a 150 mg/di). Consumption of foods with !ow lipid content can prevent hyperlipidemia. Soybeans and products made from them, such as soybean tempe, were reported to have a hypolipidemic effect. Those foods can decrease the human blood cholesterol and trigyceride level.Ergosterol is a sterol in cell membranes of microorganism, especially fungi and was found in the hyphae and spores of fungi. Ergosterol in Rhizopus spp. has not yet been studied, while Rhizopus moulds are used in the fermentation of soybean cotyledons into soybean tempe, a product which is widely consumed by all strata of the Indonesian community. The University of Indonesia Culture Collection (UICC) has a number of Rhizopus species, which are most isolated from Indonesian soybean tempe. Morphologically two groups of Rhizopus moulds can be distinguished according to length of hyphae, measurements of the sporangiospores, and growth temperatures. The groups are macro-Rhizopus and micro-Rhizopus.This thesis consists of two parts. Part i is on the ergosterol content of the dry biomass of each UICC Rhizopus strain and in the soybean tempe. In Part II is studies the potency of ergosterol to decrease the blood lipid level in rats The studies were carried out at the Laboratory of Microbiology and Laboratory of Plant and Animal Reproduction Departement of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences University of Indonesia; at the Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Medical Technologies, of The Ministry of Health; Jakarta Ill College; and also Laboratory of Chemical Analysis LIPI Bandung, on June 2006 - April 2007.The aim of this study was to analyse the ergosterol content in the dry biomass of Rhizopus and in the soybean tempe obtained. Five UICC Rhizopus strain respectively UICC 52 (Rh. arrhizus), UICC 128 (Rh. oryzae), UICC 531 (Rh. microsporus var. microsporus), UICC 550 (Rh. microsporus var. oligosporus), and UICC 551 (Rh. microporus var. oligosporus); and to know the potency of ergosterol to decrease the blood lipid level in rats which were fed with the respective biomass of the five Rhizopus spp. and compared with the rats fed with the soybean tempe using the five mentioned Rhizopus spp. as inoculum the respective fermentation processes. The rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar) were obtained from the Laboratory of Animal Drug Testing, Gunung Sindur, Bogor. The rats were males and 2 - 3 months old. Analysis of the ergosterol content was carried out using HPLC. The Diagnostic Liquicolour Cholesteroloxidase 4-aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method was used for the measurement of blood total cholesterol level, and Gliserophosphoxidase Paraaminophenazone (GPO-PAP) for measurement of triglyceride level of the rats. Soybean tempe was prepared using an inoculum of each Rhizopus strain, and then powdered. The rats were given palm oil orally during 7 days to boost up the blood lipid level. Then they were fed with the fungal biomass or with the soybean tempe powder.The results obtained were : the ergosterol content in the dry biomass of the five UICC Rhizopus spp. studied varied between (278,8 - 673,17) mg/g, while in the soybean tempe (3,3 - 8,1) mg/g. Both were able to decrease the blood lipid level in rats. However, soybean tempe gave a higher decrease (58 %) in comparison with the results of the dry biomass of the Rhizopus spp. (51.6 %)."