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"This is a book about thermodynamics, not history, but it adopts a semi-historical approach in order to highlight different approaches to entropy. The book does not follow a rigid temporal order of events, nor it is meant to be comprehensive. It includes solved examples for a solid understanding. The division into chapters under the names of key players in the development of the field is not intended to separate these individual contributions entirely, but to highlight their different approaches to entropy. This structure helps to provide a different view-point from other text-books on entropy."

"Economics in the early 20th century estabilished distributive justice as the marginal productivity justice as the marginal productivity theory of income distribution...."

"In this study, we explore the evolution of a corporate system by analyzing the case of production and employment structures in the Toyota Group. Our findings show that the production structure of the Toyota Group, which has been gradually affected by external, market, and institutional factors since the 1980s, transformed in 2009 from a domestic-oriented production structure to an overseas-oriented production structure. We also determined that since 2004, the domestic employment structure of the Toyota Motor Corporation has evolved to allow the flexible management of worker supply and demand through the hiring of nonregular workers, in response to the amendment to the Worker Dispatching Act. Consequently, the Toyota Group's production and employment structures have evolved to help secure channels that help the company flexibly adjust its output in response to abrupt economic fluctuations."