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"buku ini membahas tentang potensi yang ada di dalam kerak bumu memanfaatkan sifat listrik suatu batuan dan mineral untuk mempelajari bawah permukaan bumi"

"Difteri adalah penyakit infeksi akut saluran nafas atas yang disebabkan oleh Corynebacterium diphtheria, bersifat sangat menular dengan tingkat kematian tinggi. Beberapa tahun terakhir ditemukan kembali kasus difteri di berbagai wilayah Indonesia, walaupun program vaksinasi telah dilaksanakan secara luas. Gejala difteri yang ditimbulkan sebagian besar disebabkan oleh toksin dan dapat berakibat fatal. Kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh toksin yang telah terikat pada sel host tidak dapat diperbaiki walaupun telah diberikan antitoksin. Beberapa laporan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian antitoksin pada hari pertama pengobatan dapat mempengaruhi angka kematian kurang dari 1%, dan dapat meningkat sampai 30% bila ditunda sampai hari ke 6. Medium diagnosis cepat (MDC) yang akan dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini akan menggabungkan tiga pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dalam satu langkah, yaitu inokulasi, uji biokimia dan serologi. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen laboratorium, yang menggunakan strain referensi dan isolat tersimpan dari Balitbangkes Kemkes RI. Penelitian ini meliputi tiga tahap yaitu : optimasi konsentrasi larutan telurit, komposisi medium, dan konsentrasi Fosfomisin. Hasil pertumbuhan pada MDC memperlihatkan gambaran halo pada strain yang potensial toksigenik dan presipitat pada strain toksigenik. Waktu pemeriksaan pada MDC sekitar 24-48 jam lebih cepat dari pada prosedur standar.

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Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease of upper respiratory tract caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, and highly contagious with high mortality rate. Few years back cases of diphtheriae were found in various parts of Indonesia, although vaccination programs have been widely implemented. Symptoms of diphtheria largely caused by toxins and can be fatal. Damage caused by toxin that has been bound to the host cell can not be repaired dispite of administration of antitoksin.

Some reports showed that administration of antitoksin on the first day of treatment affected the mortality rate, i.e. less than 1% compared to 30% when delayed until day 6. Medium Diagnosis Cepat (MDC) established in this research will integrate three microbiology examination in one step i.e. inoculation, biochemical and serology tests.

This investigation was a laboratory experiment, using reference strains and isolates stored in The National Research and Development of The Ministry of Health Republik of Indonesia. This study covered three stages is follow : optimization of tellurite solution concentration, medium composition, Fosfomycin concentration.

The results showed halo formation of potentially toxigenic strains and precipitate of toxigenic strain on MDC. The examination MDC was faster than the standard procedure in took about 24-48 hours."

"Bunuh diri di Jakarta dalam kurun waktu 1993-2005 masa pra krisis,masa krisis dan masa pasca krisis dimensional menunjukkan pilihan metoda bergeser dari minum insektisida (non-violent) ke gantung diri(violent)...."

"Indonesia dikenal sebagai salah satu penghasil sarang burung walet (SBW) terbesar di dunia. Protein hidrolisat SBW menunjukkan berbagai manfaat kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat pengaruh konsentrasi enzim (1, 2 dan 3% papain komersial) terhadap profil hidrolisat protein serta aktivitas antioksidan dan anti-tirosinase. Ekstrak teraktif  SBW sebanyak 2% (F1), 3% (F2) dan 4% (F3) diaplikasikan dalam gel mengandung etil askorbat 2% dan diuji stabilitasnya pada berbagai suhu selama 12 minggu. Hasil uji SDS-PAGE menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisis menghasilkan peptida dengan berat molekul 15, 23 dan 35 kDa. Dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi enzim, meningkatkan jumlah peptida yang dihasilkan. IC50 antioksidan ABTS paling baik oleh ekstrak air SBW dengan aktivitas sedang (114,102 + 1,080 µg/mL), dan IC50 anti-tirosinase terbaik oleh ekstrak hasil hidrolisis SBW menggunakan 3% papain komersial dengan aktivitas lemah (6649,93+1,972 µg/mL). Pada suhu 4± 20C seluruh formula memiliki stabilitas secara fisik selama 12 minggu, namun pada suhu  30± 20C terjadi perubahan warna dan pada suhu 40 ± 20C, seluruh formula tidak stabil. Berdasarkan penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak air SBW memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik yaitu sedang, sedangkan ekstrak hasil hidrolisis 3% menunjukkan aktivitas anti-tirosinase terbaik namun lemah. Gel F1, F2 dan F3 menunjukkan stabilitas yang baik pada suhu 4± 20C. Pada suhu 30± 20C dan 40 ± 20C tidak ada formula yang menunjukkan stabilitas.

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Indonesia is known as one of the largest sources of edible bird’s nests (EBN) in the world. The hydrolyzed protein of EBN exhibits a variety of health benefits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of enzyme concentrations (1, 2, and 3% commercial papain) on the protein hydrolyzate profile, its antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. As much as 2% (F1), 3% (F2), and 4% (F3) of the most active EBN extract were applied in 2% ethyl ascorbate gel and tested for its stability at various temperatures for 12 weeks. SDS-PAGE test results showed that hydrolysis produced peptides with molecular weights of 15, 23, and 35 kDa. As the concentration of the enzyme increases, the amount of peptides increases. The test results showed the best IC50 antioxidant ABTS was EBN water extract with moderate activity (114.102 + 1.080 µg/mL), and the best anti-tyrosinase IC50 was EBN hydrolyzed extract using 3% commercial papain with weak activity (6649.93 +1.972 µg /mL). At 4 ± 20C all formulas had physical stability for 12 weeks, but at 30 ± 20C color change occurred and at 40 ± 20C, all formulas were unstable. Based on this study it was concluded that the SBW water extract had the best antioxidant activity, which is moderate, while the 3% hydrolyzed extract showed the best but weak anti-tyrosinase activity. F1, F2, and F3 showed good stability at 4 ± 20C. Meanwhile at 30 ± 20C and 40 ± 20C, no formulas showed good stability."

"Fibrin Tissue Adhesive (FTA), Fibrin Scalant (FS) or Fibrin Glue (FG) are names given to a group of product that lead to the formation clot at the site of application. Fibrin Glue represents a new revolution for local haemostatic, which produced by based on the understanding about blood coagulation process. The mechanism of FG mimics the last stage of blood coagulation process.Hemophilia, is a congenital inherited bleeding disorder, characterized by repeated bleeding episodes. The basic pathology is deficiency of factor VIII (hemophilia A) or factor IX (hemophilia B). A bleeding episodes, hemophilia patients need replacement therapy. Hemophilia patients need transfusion of cryoprecipitate, Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) or factor concentrate as replacement therapy. Oral surgery, dental extraction, circumcision, and orthopedic operations are the most important indications for fibrin glue in hemophilia care. A s haemostatic local, FG minimizes bleeding, reducing the need of transfusion or factor concentrate, reducing the complication of transfusion, hospitalization and cost."