Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Recent years have seen enormous advances in the technology of concrete as a material, through which its strength, compactness and ductility can reach levels never dreamed of before. Thanks to these improved material properties, the strength and durability of concrete structures is greatly improved, their weight and dimensions reduced, the scope of concrete as a structural material is widened and despite the higher material costs, overall economy is possible, with positive impacts on sustainability as well. Similar advances are underway in reinforcing materials, notably high strength steel and fibre-reinforced polymers, and in the way they are combined with concrete into high performance structures. Developments in materials and equipment, as well as new concepts, have lead to innovative construction techniques, reducing cost and construction time and making possible the application of concrete under extreme conditions of construction or environment. All these advances will be highlighted in the book by the top experts in the field of concrete structures."

"Kecelakaan lalu lintas selalu menjadi salah satu penyebab umum cedera atau bahkan korban meninggal dunia di seluruh dunia. Kecelakaan lalu lintas tidak selamanya terjadi hanya karena kesalahan manusia, namun terkadang keadaan alam atau buruknya infratruktur seringkali menjadi penyebab terjadinya kecelakaan. Provinsi NTB sendiri merupakan sebuah provinsi yang baru saja dilakukan audit setelah dilakukan pembangunan jalan besar-besaran. Maka pada penelitian ini penyebab-penyebab kecelakaan tersebut akan dijadikan sebagian faktor dalam menentukan tingkat keparahan korban pada kecelakaan lalu lintas. Dengan empat buah tingkat keparahan yaitu tidak ada luka, luka ringan, luka berat, dan meninggal. Faktor yang ada akan direduksi dengan dua cara yaitu uji kolinearitas dan uji korelasi. Faktor yang berhasil melewati reduksi dan diolah model bersama tingkat keparahan secara logistik multinomial. Hasil dari regresi regresi logistik multinomial menunjukan orang yang memakai perlengkapan keselamatan berkendara secara berturut-turut pada tingkat keparahan meninggal, luka berat, dan luka ringan sebesar 0,193; 0,659; dan 0,47 lebih kecil dibanding orang yang tidak memakai perlengkapan keselamatan berkendara apapun. Orang yang tidak menggunakan perlengkapan berkendara memiliki kemungkinan meninggal lebih dari lima kali lebih besar dibanding orang yang memakai perlengkapan berkendara.

---

Traffic accidents have always been one of the common causes of injuries or even deaths in the world. Traffic accidents do not always occur only because of human error, but sometimes the state of nature or poor infrastructure is often the cause of accidents. NTB Province itself is a province that has just been audited after major road construction was carried out. So in this study the causes of the accident will be used as a part of the factors in determining the severity of victims in traffic accidents. With four levels of severity, there were no injuries, minor injuries, severe injuries, and death. The existing factors will be reduced in two ways, namely the cholinearity test and the correlation test. Factors that succeed in passing the reduction then processed by model of multinomial logistical with severity. The results of multinomial logistic regression show that people who use driving safety equipment are respectively the severity of death, serious injuries, and minor injuries of 0.193; 0.659; and 0.47 smaller than people who don't use any driving safety equipment. People who do not use driving equipment are more than five times more likely to die than people who use driving equipment."

"Direktorat Lalu Lintas Polda Jatim mencatat angka kecelakaan di jalan tol Trans Jawa masih tinggi diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah korban jiwa, luka berat dan luka ringan. Kecelakaan di Tol Nganjuk menuju Jombang juga cukup tinggi pada periode 2018-2020 yaitu 87 kasus dengan 22 kasus pada 2018, 37 kasus pada 2019, dan pada 2020 sebanyak 28 kasus kecelakaan. Banyaknya kecelakaan lalu lintas terjadi karena kelalaian pengemudi dan kendaraan yang tidak layak, serta sedikitnya faktor karena kondisi jalan dan lingkungan. Tingginya fatalitas korban kecelakaan pada ruas jalan tol perlu dikaji untuk berbagai faktor infrastruktur jalan dan lingkungan yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya kecelakaan berdasarkan analisis keselamatan jalan. Oleh karena itu, dibuatlah penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Pengaruh Faktor Geometrik dan Lingkungan terhadap Jumlah Korban Kecelakaan di Jalan Tol”. Didapatkan hubungan antara faktor geometrik dari infrastruktur dan lingkungan jalan, serta karakteristik lalu lintas terhadap Korban Kecelakaan terdistribusi dengan pendekatan poisson. Variabel bebas yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu Akses ops, Tipe Objek Sisi Jalan, Lengkungan dan Mean Speed dengan pengaruh sebesar 21,29 % terhadap jumlah korban kecelakaan. Rekomendasi dapat dilakukan dengan menciptakan desain jalan yang berkeselamatan dan memaafkan (forgiving road) melalui faktor geometrik dan lingkungan yang berpengaruh signifikan di ruas jalan Tol Nganjuk – Jombang.

---

The Directorate of Traffic for the East Java Regional Police noted that the number of accidents on the Transjawa toll road was still high, followed by an increase in the number of fatalities, serious injuries and minor injuries. Accidents on the Nganjuk Toll Road to Jombang were also quite high in the 2018-2020 period, namely 87 cases with 22 cases in 2018, 37 cases in 2019, and in 2020 there were 28 accident cases. Many traffic accidents occur due to negligence of drivers and improper vehicles, as well as a few factors due to road and environmental conditions. The high fatality of accident victims on toll roads needs to be studied for various road infrastructure and environmental factors that can affect the occurrence of accidents based on road safety analysis. Therefore, a research entitled "Analysis of Geometric and Environmental Factors on Numre of Accident Victims on Toll Roads" was made. There is a relationship between the geometric factors of the road infrastructure and environment, as well as the traffic characteristics of the Accident Victims distributed using the Poisson approach. Independent variables that have a significant effect are ops access, type of roadside object, curvature and mean speed with an effect of 21.29% on the number of accident victims. Recommendations can be made by creating a road design that is safe and forgiving (forgiving road) through geometric and environmental factors that have a significant effect on the Nganjuk - Jombang toll road."

"Proses penyidikan dalam kejadian kecelakaan lalu lintas menjadi bagian penting untuk menentukan penyelesaian yang berkeadilan. Akan tetapi, polisi menyatakan bahwa memori mengenai kecelakaan yang diperoleh dari kesaksian sangat umum, tidak akurat, dan tidak lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh metode wawancara dan usia terhadap memori korban kecelakaan lalu lintas pada pengendara sepeda motor. Penelitian menggunakan desain eksperimental randomized factorial design 2 (metode wawancara: cognitive interview vs standard interview) x 2 (usia: remaja 14-16 tahun vs dewasa muda 20-25 tahun). Sebanyak 30 pengendara sepeda motor dewasa muda dan 27 pengendara sepeda motor remaja, diwawancarai baik dengan menggunakan metode cognitive interview atau metode standard interview. Memori diukur dari tiga kategori detail informasi yaitu event related details, central details, dan peripheral details. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari metode cognitive interview dan usia terhadap memori. Penggunaan metode cognitive interview menghasilkan detail informasi yang lebih banyak secara signifikan pada event related details daripada metode standard interview, terlepas dari kelompok usia. Selanjutnya, kelompok dewasa muda menghasilkan detail informasi yang lebih banyak secara signifikan daripada kelompok remaja. Kemudian, metode wawancara berinteraksi dengan usia dalam mempengaruhi memori pada event related details dan peripheral details. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah perlu memperhatikan faktor kelelahan, tingkat pendidikan, jenis kelamin, sudut pandang, dan jenis kecelakaan partisipan dalam menggali informasi peristiwa kecelakaan lalu lintas.

---

The investigation process in traffic accident incidents is an important part of determining a fair settlement justice. However, the police stated that the memory of the accident obtained from the testimony was very general, inaccurate, and incomplete. This study aims to examine the effect of the interview method and age on the memory of traffic accident victims on motorcycle riders. The study used a randomized factorial design experimental design 2 (interview method: cognitive interview vs standard interview) x 2 (age: adolescents 14-16 years old vs young adults 20-25 years old). A total of 30 young adult motorcycle riders and 27 adolescents motorcycle riders were interviewed using either the cognitive interview method or the standard interview method. Memory is measured by three categories of detailed information, namely event related details, central details, and peripheral details. The results showed that there was a significant effect of the cognitive interview method and age on memory. The use of the cognitive interview method resulted in significantly higher information detail on event related details than the standard interview method, regardless of age group. Furthermore, the young adult group produced significantly higher information detail than the adolescent group. Then, the interview method interacts with age in influencing memory on event related details and peripheral details. The implication of this research is that it is necessary to pay attention to the fatigue factor, education level, gender, point of view, and type of accident of participants in digging up information on traffic accident events."

"Strict Liability merupakan suatu perkembangan dalam tort law, dimana unsur kesalahan tidak perlu lagi dibuktikan dalam menuntut suatu ganti rugi. Secara analisis ekonomi, strict liability dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dalam pencegahan kecelakaan yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian. Efisiensi ini tercapai oleh karena potential injurer akan berupaya mengambil upaya pencegahan terjadinya kecelakaan (preucationary measure) demi menghindari biaya (cost) yang akan ia tanggung secara serta merta jika terjadi kecelakaan akibat aktivitas atau kegiatan yang ia lakukan dan menimbulkan kerugian terhadap pihak lain. Terkait dengan kondisi transportasi di Indonesia khususnya kereta api, perlu terobosan dalam upaya mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan yang menelan korban baik meninggal ataupun lukaluka. Upaya itu adalah penerapan strict liability dalam hal terjadinya kecelakaan yang menimbulkan kerugian terhadap penumpang selaku konsumen pengguna jasa transportasi kereta api. Prinsip strict liability ini akan mendorong operator jasa transportasi kereta api dalam hal ini PT KAI untuk melakukan perbaikan sistem manajemen perusahaan dalam upaya mencegah timbulnya kecelakaan yang bisa diakibatkan kesalahan teknis ataupun manusia. Di samping itu dengan diterapkannya prinsip strict liability, penumpang yang menjadi korban akan lebih dimudahkan dalam menuntut ganti rugi oleh karena ia tidak perlu membuktikan kesalahan operator kereta api. Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2007 sebenarnya menyiratkan kemungkinan diterapkannya prinsip strict liability ini, hanya saja masih ada ketentuan yang perlu direvisi antara lain ganti rugi yang dibatasi hanya pada ?kerugian yang nyata terlihat? sementara dalam hal korban meninggal dunia atau mengalami luka berat selayaknya diberi kompensasi atas kerugian imateriil pula.

---

Strict liability is a modification to the tort law, whereas the plaintiff is not required to prove defendant?s fault in order to claim the remedy or compensation for his damage or losses. According to economic analysis of law, strict liability rule can induce the effectiveness in preventing accident that causes damage. It happens as the potential injurer takes the appropriate preucationary measures in order to avoid the expected cost should the accident occurs. Regard to the condition of our national public transportation, strict liability could serve as a breakthrough in reducing the numbers of accident that took lives or left the victims severely wounded or defected. Strict liability rule will compel the railway company to improve their management system in order to reduce the numbers of accident related to the technical or human error. In addition to the accident prevention, strict liability rule gives easier adjudication for the passengers who become the victims of railway accidents in claiming compensation or remedy for their losses. Railway Act No. 23/2007 in fact implies the strict liability rule application, however there are some provisions that need to be revised in example the compensation is limited only to the tangible losses. Ideally, in addition to the compensation for tangible losses, the railway company should also give the compensation for intangible losses especially for dead or heavily injured victims."

"Kecelakaan Pesawat Sukhoi Superjet 100 (SSJ-100) dalam rangka penerbangan demo yang terjadi pada 9 Mei 2012 menimbulkan korban jiwa sebanyak 45 orang. Setiap terjadinya peristiwa kecelakaan tentunya akan berdampak secara hukum, karena selalu membawa dampak kerugian sehingga melahirkan tanggung jawab hukum. Dalam hal ini terutama bagi Sukhoi selaku pemilik pesawat SSJ-100. Dalam menentukan tanggung jawab hukum dari Sukhoi, penulis akan menganalisis dengan mengacu pada peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga terdapat kepastian hukum, apa bentuk tanggung jawabnya, apa persyaratan untuk dapat bertanggung jawab, berapa besar kerugian yang harus dibayar dan lain-lain. Penentuan tanggung jawab Sukhoi dalam perspektif hukum merupakan sarana perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen pengguna pesawat SSJ-100. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa dalam tatanan hukum positif di Indonesia terdapat beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen pengguna pesawat SSJ-100, yaitu antara lain: Ordonansi Pengangkutan Udara 1939, Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999. Materi perlindungan hukum yang diatur meliputi: tanggung jawab terhadap konsumen pengguna pesawat SSJ-100 dan penentuan nilai ganti rugi yang wajib dipenuhi oleh Sukhoi.

---

Sukhoi Superjet 100 Aircraft Accident (SSJ-100) in order to demo flight that occurred on May 9, 2012 caused fatalities by 45 people. Each occurrence of the accident will certainly affect the law, because it's always taken a heavy toll so bear legal responsibility. In this case, especially for the owners as the Sukhoi SSJ-100 aircraft. In determining the legal liability of the Sukhoi, the author will analyze with reference to legislation so that there is rule of law, what kind of responsibility, what are the requirements to be responsible, how much damages should be paid and others.

Determination Sukhoi responsibility legal perspective is a means of legal protection for consumers of SSJ-100 aircraft. The results showed there are several laws and regulations relating to the protection of the law for consumer users SSJ-100 aircraft, which include: Air Freight Ordinance 1939, Act No. 1 of 2009, Act No. 8, 1999. The material legal protection set includes: responsibility towards the consumers SSJ-100 aircraft and the determination of compensation that must be met by Sukhoi."

"This paper is written based on the writer's experience as a psychologist who assists victims of sexual violence and discussions with the victims's companion. The writer reports that there are three problems. First, law enforcement dose not empathize with the survivors, making it ineffective. second the psychological impact on victims or survivors is not really understood by the public because the patriarchal culture is so entrenched. Third psychological intervention is necessary for strengthening the victims and human beings that should be responsible for their actions. In other words, sexual violence should not be the fault of the victims, but the fault and responsibility of the perpetrator. Helping subjects to reduce tension, minimizing the internalized guilt due to socialization of sexuality understanding that tends to marginalize women, and processing anger in a constructive manner is important. Sometimes the companion intends to give sympathy, but accidentally becomes angry and unable to calm down, adding to problems of the people she accompanies. Survivors then become increasingly angry, agitated, or unable to think straight. it is important to provide strength to victims to ensure be dine on all sides. Reworking the psychological side without ensuring availability and sustainability of fair legal system would cause the situation of women to be vulnerable. Psychological reinforcement should be done under any circumstances, especially if the legal system does not provide justice for the victims"