Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Dari ekstrak n-heksana yang berasal dari talus Ramalina inflata, Hook, & Tayl tanaman tersebut di kumpulkan/diperoleh dari Taman Nasional Botani, Seblat, Gunung Kerinci, Propinsi Jambi, Sumatra, berhasil diisolasi (+) - asam usnat dalam bentuk kristal jarum berwarna kuning. Sedangkan dari ekstrak aseton berhasil diisolasi suatu senyawa baru dalam bentuk kristal putih, yang diduga merupakan turunan dari asam norstiktat, dimana strukturnya ditetapkan berdasarkan data spektrum 1H-NMR dan 13C-NMR serta massa. Diduga cincin D dari senyawa baru tersebut dibentuk oleh α, β, -δ- lakton (cincin 6), sedangkan cincin D dari asam norstiktat dibentuk dari cincin α, β, -γ-lakton tidak jenuh. Ada kemungkinan bentuk lain dari struktur senyawa B, dimana gugus metilenanya berada pada cincin depsidon (lingkar 8, sedangkan pada cincin depsidon normal terbentuk dari lingkar 7). Oleh karena itu senyawa baru tersebut diusulkan diberi nama asam norstiktat A. Sifat anti bakteri dari (+) -asam usnat sudah diketahui dan dikenal, sedangkan pada penelitian ini senyawa baru tersebut diketahui tidak mempunyai aktivitas biologi.

---

From the n-hexane extracto£ the Ramalina inf lata's thallus, that is collected from the Seblat-National Botanical Garden, Mount Kerinci, West Sumatra, has been isolated usnic acid as light yellow crystal. Whereas from the acetone extract has been isolated a new compound as white crystal with structure as derivative from the norstictic acid. Its structure is established by nmr-and mass spectral data. The D-ring of the norstictic acid is formed by α, β, -unsaturated- γ-lactone, whereas the new compound is formed by α, β, -unsaturated- γ-lactone. Another possibilities are, the B compound from the depsidone ring is formed by eight ring, that means methylene group belongs to the depsidone ring. Normally depsidone ring is formed by seventh ring. So that we give the name for this new compound is norstictic acid A. The Biological activities of usnic acid is well known, but unfortunately the new isolated compound has no biological activities."

"Lichens, a unique symbiosis between a mycobiont and a photobiont organism, are known to produce metabolites that can be tapped as biopesticides for agriculture. Such property of the fruticose lichen Ramalina collected within Guimaras Island, Philippines was investigated in this study. A total of 195 specimens were collected and characterized using conventional morphological and chemical analyses. These lichens were identified as Ramalina farinacea, R. roesleri, and R. nervulosa. To test their potential application in agriculture, nine lichen specimens were extracted with acetone and assayed for its inhibitory activities against test bacteria, fungi, and weedy plants. All nine lichen extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (>19 mm ZOI) while only seven lichen extracts inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (13–19 mm ZOI). No inhibitory activity was observed among the fungal plant pathogens Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. verticillioides, Colletotrichum capsici, and C. gleosporioides, and on the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pectobacterium carotovorum var. carotovorum. A decrease in the root (up to 27% reduction) and shoot (up to 39% reduction) lengths, and leaf chlorophyll content (up to 44% reduction) of rice weeds Fimbristylis miliacea, Leptochloa chinensis and weedy rice (Oryza sp.) were also observed. These results, therefore, suggested that the lichen crude extract from Ramalina is a potential biological control for weed management."

"Telah dilakukan isolasi senyawa (-)- asam usnat dalam bentuk kristal kuning sebesar 727 mg dari ekstrak aseton kasarnya, dengan mengekstraksi serbuk kering dari talus lichen Usnea flexuosa Tayl, lichen tersebut dikumpulkan dari kaki gunung Bambapuang, Kecamatan Anggeraja, Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. Ekstraksi dilakukan secara sinambung dengan menggunakan soxhlet dan dengan pelarut aseton selama 8 jam, kemudian ekstrak kasar dipisahkan / dimurnikan menggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan fasa diam kiesegel 60 dan eluen campuran diklorometana dan metanol. Kristal (-)- asam usnat direkristalisasi dengan pelarut diklorometana dan penentuan struktur molekul dilakukan dengan membandingkan senyawa hasil isolasi tersebut dengan sifat-sifat fisika dan data spektrum dari UV-Vis, IR dan GC-MS dari asam usnat yang sudah diketahui, hasil uji aktivitas larvasida dari senyawa (-)- asam usnat terhadap Larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti instar III memberikan LC50 sebesar 0,1904 ppm.

---

It has been carried out the isolation of (-)- usnic acid as yellow crystal from aceton extract, from dried powders of lichen thallus of Usnea flexuose Tayl. The yield of extraction was 727 mg. This lichen was collected from Bambapuang mount, Anggeraja region, Enrekang, province of South Sulawesi. The extraction is performed by using continuous extraction apparatus (soxhlet) for 8 hours and aceton as solvent. Than, the raw aceton extract were, purified with coloumn chromatography filling with kieselgel 60 as stationary phase and using a mixture of dichloromenthane and methanol as eluent. Pure (-)- usnic acid crystals were crystalised using dichloromethare as solvent and followed by structure elucidation using physical ? and spectroscophycal data (UV-Vis, Ir and Mass) comparison with related data of (+)- usnic acid. Larvacidal activity test was ferformanced against 3rd phase of Aedes aegypti Larvae and, (-)- Usnic acid possesed positive result with LC50=0,1904 ppm."

"Lichen selected in this research are Usnea blepharea Motyka taken from the mountain of Bawakaraeng Malino Gowa and Usnea flexuosa Tayl. from the mountain of Bambapuang Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province. This research was conducted to reveal the content of chemical compounds from the two species of the lichen on acetone extract as well as their bioactivity evaluation that include initial toxicity isolates on brine shrimp A. salina Leach lethality test, the cytotoxicity against P388 murine leukemia cells and anti-malarial activity against P. falciparum from pure compound. Isolation was carried out by utilising column chromatography using silica gel 60 stationary phase with eluent mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate in a gradient elution, followed by preparative thin layer chromatography and radial chromatography. Determination of molecular structure, by analyzing the UV-Vis spectral data, Infra Red, LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D NMR include HMQC, HMBC, DEPT and COSY. The results of isolation of U. blepharea Motyka were obtained four compounds, namely a new bisxanton compound that is eumitrin M and 3 compounds have been found previously that are (-) - usnic acid, diffractaic acid and eumitrin A1. From U. flexuosa Tayl. were obtained a new phenolic compound, namely 2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-ethanon and one compound that has been known that (-) - usnic acid. The results of bioactivity tests against 3 isolates of U. blepharea Motyka and 3 isolates of U. flexuosa Tayl. were all active against the brine shrimp A. salina Leach with LC50 values : B1 = 165,84 µg/mL, B2 = 109,03 µg/mL, B3 = 130,50 µg/mL, F1 = 35,73 µg/mL, F2 = 11,08 µg/mL, F3 = 8,47 µg/mL, respectively. The results of isolation of compound eumitrin A1 was active against murine P388 cells with IC50 4,5µg/mL, while both diffractaic acid and 2'-hydroxy-1'-(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-methyl-phenyl) - ethanon were inactive against murine P388 cells with IC50 consecutive 17,5 µg/mL and 37,0 µg/mL. Anti-malarial activity against P. falciparum is owned by the compound eumitrin M with IC50 2.10-7M, while the (-)-usnic acid and diffractaic acid were not shown anti-malarial activity to P. falciparum.

---

Lichen yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah U. blepharea Motyka yang diambil dari gunung Bawakaraeng Malino Kabupaten Gowa dan U. flexuosa Tayl. dari gunung Bambapuang Kabupaten Enrekang Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkapkan kandungan senyawa kimia ekstrak aseton dari kedua lichen ini serta uji bioaktivitas yang meliputi uji awal toksisitas isolat dari ekstrak aseton terhadap larva udang A. salina Leach, uji sitotoksisitas terhadap sel leukemia murine P388 dan uji aktivitas anti malaria terhadap Plasmodium falciparum dari senyawa murni. Isolasi dilakukan dengan teknik kromatografi kolom menggunakan fasa diam silika gel 60 dengan eluen campuran n-heksana dan etil asetat secara gradien, dilanjutkan dengan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif dan kromatografi radial. Penentuan struktur molekul dilakukan dengan menganalisis data spektrum UV-Vis, Infra Merah, LC-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, NMR-2D meliputi HMQC, HMBC, DEPT dan COSY. Dari hasil isolasi terhadap U. blepharea Motyka diperoleh 4 senyawa, yaitu satu senyawa baru golongan bisxanton yaitu eumitrin M dan 3 senyawa yang telah ditemukan sebelumnya yaitu (-) - asam usnat, eumitrin A1 dan asam difraktat. Dari U. flexuosa Tayl. diperoleh satu senyawa baru, yaitu 2?-hidroksi-1?-(4-hidroksi-5-metoksi-2-metil-fenil)-etanon dan satu senyawa yang telah diketahui yaitu (-) - asam usnat. Dari hasil uji bioaktivitas terhadap 3 isolat U. blepharea Motyka dan 3 isolat U. flexuosa Tayl. semuanya aktif terhadap larva udang A. salina Leach dengan nilai LC50 berturut-turut : B1 = 165,84 µg/mL, B2 = 109,03 µg/mL, B3 = 130,50 µg/mL, F1 = 35,73 µg/mL, F2 = 11,08 µg/mL, F3 = 8,47 µg/mL. Hasil isolasi yaitu senyawa eumitrin A1 mempunyai potensi aktif terhadap sel murine P388 dengan nilai IC50 4,5 µg/mL sedangkan asam difraktat dan 2´-hidroksi-1´-(4-hidroksi-5-metoksi-2-metil-fenil)-etanon keduanya tidak aktif terhadap sel murine P388 dengan IC50 berturut-turut 17,5 µg/mL dan 37,0 µg/mL. Aktivitas anti malaria terhadap P. falciparum dimiliki oleh senyawa eumitrin M dengan nilai IC50 2.10-7 M, sedangkan senyawa asam usnat dan asam difraktat tidak menunjukkan aktivitas anti malaria terhadap P. falciparum."

"Lichen is a unique plant, because it is composed of two completely different organisms, algae and fungal. Lichen as metabolites secondary resources and have a biological activities. The aim of this research, is isolation and structur elucidation as well as biological activity test of acetone extract from thattus lichen Ramalina javanica Nyl. Extraction was done with maceraticn methods by using n-hexane and than acetone as solvent From acetone extract wasdone isolation over chromatographic coloumn with a solvent gradient n-hexane/ethyl acetate and followed by thin layer chromatograpic (TLC) preparative. Isolated compounds, then, was tested for their purity by TLC and melting point measurement. The structure etucidation was done by means spectroscopical and comparison data. From this work can be obtained 7 compounds, compound (1) is vicanicin, a known compound; compound (2) is diétit - 3- metoksi glulafal. as new new natural products compound; compound (3) is etii - 23 - metoksi trieicosancat. proposed as a new naturat produts compound; compound (4) is parietine, a known compound; compound (5) is 6-0 metil averantin; compound (6) is ursolic acid, a known compound; compound (7) is 3-dechloro-4-0-methyl diploicine, a known compound; From the compound content in the acetone extract of thallus R. javanica Nyl, showed that this species had chemistry family coretlation with: Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th.Fr., Taioschrstes flavicans (Sw.) Nonn., Diploicia mnesoens (Dicks.) Massal., Evemia prunastri (L.) Ach., Flavocetraria nivaiis (L.) Kamet et Thell. and Solorina crocea (L) Ach. The biological activity test of acetone extract, vicanicin and parietine to Artemia satina Leach larve, showed that acetone extract, vicanicin and parietine have a potential biological activity with LC50 = 4.23: 2.24 and 44.39 μg/mL. whereas a anticancer test of acetone extract, vicanicin and parietine to leukemia cancer cell L 1210 gives IC50 = 23.64; 1925 and 16.74 μg/mL.

---

Telah dilakukan isolasi , penentuan struktur serta uji aktivitas biologi senyawa kimia dan fraksi aseton talus lichen Ramafina javanica Nyl. Tumbuhan lichen dipilih sebagai bahan peneIitian karena lichen merupakan tanaman suku rendah yang unik, merupakan salah satu sumber metabolit sekunder yang berkhasiat obat dan di Indonesia belum banyak diteliti. Sementara itu penyakit kanker masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia. Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menambah khazanah ilmu pengetahuan, memanfaatkan lichen R. Javanica Nyl. serta potensi aktiviias biologi senyawa yang dikandungnya. Ekstraksi terhadap talus lichen R. javanfca Nyi. dilakukan dengan cara maserasi, dalam pelarut pelaksana, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pelarut aseton. lsolasi senyawa dari ekstrak aseton dilakukan dengan ce kremalografi kolom (KK) gradien pelarut-heksana/etil asetat dan kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) prepatatif secata berulang dan diperoleh 7 senyawa, yaitu vikanisin, senyawa (1): dietil - 3 - metoksi glularat, senyawa (2) dan diusulkan sebagai senyawa bahan alam baru; etil - 23- metoksi treicosanat, senyawa (3) yang diusulkan sebagai senyawa bahan alam baru; parietin, senyawa (4); 6-O-melil averantin, senyawa (5); asam ursolat, senyawa (6); dan 3-dekloro-4-O-metil diploisin; senyawa (7); Lichen Fi. javanica Nyl. masih mempunyai huhungan kerabat secara kimia dengan lichen spesies Xanihoria parietina (L. ) Th. Fr., Tefoschistes Havicans (Sw) Nunn., Dipioicia canescens (Dicks) Massal., Evernia prunasin (L.)Ach., Fiavoceiraria nivalis (L.) Kamef. et TheIl dan Solorina crocea (L) Ach. Uji aktivitas biologi ekstrak aseton, vikanisin dan parietin terhadap benur/larva udang Atermia salina Leach menghasilkan LC50 = 4,23; 2,24 dan 44,39 μg/mL. Uji aktivitas antikanker ekstrak aseton, vikanisin dan parietin terhadap sel leukemia L 1210 menghasilkan IC50 = 23,64; 19,25 dan 16,74 μg/mL."

"Serbuk kering talus lichen Ramalina Javanica Nyi, yang dikumpulkan dari Kebun Raya Nasional Cibodas, Jawa Barat, pertama-tama diekstraksi sinambung dengan n-heksana menggunakan soklet. Ekstraks dari hasil ekstraksi pertama kemudian dipisahkan melalui kromatografi kolom menggunakan campuran n-heksana : chloroform = 1 : I (v/v). Dan pemisahan ini dapat diisolasi 90 mg kristal murni jingga dengan titik leleh 203°C (Senyawa A).Ampas kering dari ekstraksi pertama itu, kemudian melalui cara yang sama, diekstraksi lebih lanjut dengan aseton. Hasilnya kemudian dipisahkan melalui kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (sebagai fasa mobil: campuran n-heksana : etil asetat = 3:2). Dan pemisahan ini dapat dihasillcan 27 mg serbuk kuning dengan titik leleh = 153°C (Senyawa B).Berdasarkan pada sifat fisik (titik leleh dan putaran optis) dan data perbandingan spektroskopi dapat ditentukan struktur dua senyawa yang diisolasi itu. Senyawa A dikenal sebagai parietin (C16 H12 Os). Sementara senyawa B merupakan suatu senyawa baru golongan antrakuinonDari jenis jenis senyawa yang diketemukan di dalam lichen. Kerangka dasarnya mirip parietin, tetapi rantai sampingnya lebih panjang daripada gugus yang terdapat pada parietin, dengan satu pusat asimetrik pada C-1?. Oleh karena itu diusulkan senyawa B sebagai R- (+}- 1,8- dihidroksi -3- (1'- hidroksi -3'-butanoil) -6-metoksi antrakuinon (C19 H16 O7).Dari hasil uji pendahuluan aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metoda Konsentrasi Hambatan Minimum (KHM) dan metoda difusi agar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli, menunjukkan bahwa ekstraks dari fraksi n-heksana dan aseton mempunyai aktivitas yang rendah dibandingkan dengan antibiotik ampisilin (memberikan hasil negatif).

---

The dried powder of thallus lichen Ramalina Javanica Nyl_ which collected from the National Botanical Garden, Cibodas, West Java, first continuously extracted with n-heksane by using sohxlet apparatus. The raw extract from the first extraction was then separated over coloumn chromatography by using mixture of n-heksane : chloroform = 1: 1 (vlv) as eluent. From this separation can be isolated 90 mg pure orange crystal with melting point = 203°C (Compound A).The dried residu from the first extraction, was then by same way, continuously extracted with acetone. The resulted extract was then separated over preparative thin layer chromatography (mixture of n-heksane : ethyl acetate = 3 : 2 as mobile phase). From this separation can be yielded 27 mg yellow powder with melting point = 253°C (Compound B).Based on the physical properties (melting point and optical rotation), spectroscophical and comperative data can be elucidated the structure both isolated compounds. Compound A was identified as (C16H12O5), meanwhile compound B was proposed as new compound at the anthraquinone's class of the lichen constituent types. Its base skeleton likes parietin, but its side chain is longer than side chain of parietin, with one assyrnetric center at the C-1'. Therefore it is proposed that compound B as R- (+) -1,8-dihidroxy -3- (1' -hidroxy -3' -butanoyl) -6-methoxy anthraquinone (C 19H16 O7).The result of antibacterial activity pretest using concentration minimum inhibition and gel diffuse method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that raw extract from n-heksane and acetone fraction has low activity compared with amphicylin antibiotic (given negative result)."