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"A rapid multiresidue method for the determination of 22 organochlorine pesticides and 7 polychlorinated biphenyl compounds as POPs contaminant was described. It involved the application of modified QuEChERS procedure followed by gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC ECD) analysis. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of the developed and validated method in fish tissue were 3 g/kg and 10 g/kg, respectively.The following validation parameters were within acceptable range: specificity and selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision (at levels: 10, 15 and 50 g/kg, the recovery test values were between 70 and 120% and HorRat ≤2, except hexachlorobenzene and methoxychlor). The application of the method was verified by analyzing a total of 182 freshwater animal samples produced and collected in Thailand during 2017 2018. Detectable POPs residues were found in 1.6% (3 shrimp samples) of the animal samples. One of the positive samples was contaminated with pp DDE which was DDT metabolite (<10g/kg). Two shrimp samples presented residue of PCB52 congener (<10 and 30 g/kg). No sample had contamination higher than the extraneous maximum residue limit (EMRL) set by Ministry of Public Health of Thailand and Codex. Base on the most risky freshwater animal, primary risk assessment using shrimp daily intake of Thai population data has shown that DDT and PCB compounds contain in shrimp are unlikely to pose any health risk to Thai consumers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pembangunan sektor pertanian tanaman pangan dalam meningkatkan PDB dan output, dan dalmam memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan. Analisis menggunakan model Sistem Neraca Sosial Ekonomi (SNSE). Untuk menghitung dampak tersebut penulis menggunakan pengganda SNSE, pengganda dekomposisi, Analisis Jalur Struktural, dan koefisien Gini. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa sektor pertanian tanaman pangan memiliki kontribusi terhadap penciptaan nilai tambah dan peningkatan pendapatan rumah tangga paling tinggi dibandingkan dennen sektor lainnya. Kemudian, peranan pengeluaran pemerintah di sektor pertanian tanaman pangan terlihat mampu meningkatkan PDB dan output bruto seria dapat memperbaiki distribusi pendapatan. Secara umum kebijakan peningkatan produksi tanaman pangan merupakan kebijakan yang mampu meningkatkan PDB dan pendapatan sektor pertanian tanaman pangan paling baik dibanding kebijakan lainnya

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The objective of the research is to analyze the impact of food crops sector development toward the improvement of National GDP and Output, and the improvement of income distribution. The Analysis uses Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model. In order to accomplish the objective of this research, four tools are

used i.e.: accounting multiplier, decomposition multiplier, structural path analysis (SPA), and gini coefficient. The result shows that food crops sector has contributed toward the improvement of National GDP and Output, and the improvement of income distribution. Moreover, government expenditure in food

crops sector is able to improve National GDP and Output, and to improve income distribution. Generally, increasing production in food crops is the most effective policy to improve National GDP and to improve output in food crops sector."

"Pestisida sering digunakan dalam bidang agrikultur untuk mengurangi organisme pengganggu tanaman. Penggunaan pestisida berlebihan dapat menyisakan residu pada tanaman, sehingga jika terakumulasi di dalam tubuh manusia akan menimbulkan penyakit. Salah satu pestisida yang sering digunakan adalah isoprocarb yang termasuk ke dalam pestisida golongan karbamat. Isoprocarb mampu menginhibisi aktivitas enzim acetylcholinesterase (AChE) untuk mengkatalisis substrat acetylthiocholine menjadi tiokolin dan asam asetat. Akibatnya, akan terjadi penumpukan spesi acetylthiocholine dalam tubuh yang dalam jangka panjang dapat menyebabkan kelumpuhan saraf hingga kematian. Pada penelitian ini, telah dikembangkan biosensor elektrokimia menggunakan teknik cyclic voltammetry (CV) dengan sistem EB/K2S2O8/AChE/ATCl pada elektroda screen printed carbon (SPCE) untuk mendeteksi residu pestisida isoprocarb. Spesi Eosin B (EB) dan K2S2O8 digunakan sebagai sebagai senyawa elektroaktif yang dapat menghasilkan puncak reduksi pada voltammogram, sedangkan spesi AChE dan ATCl berperan sebagai senyawa pengenal atau bioreseptor untuk isoprocarb. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat diketahui bahwa penambahan isoprocarb ke dalam sistem menurunkan puncak reduksi EB pada voltammogram. Biosensor yang dikembangkan memiliki nilai LOD sebesar 0,006 ppm, nilai LOQ sebesar 0,121 ppm, serta sensitivitas sebesar 82,3907 mA ppm-1 cm-2. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa biosensor tersebut memiliki potensi yang cukup baik untuk mendeteksi keberadaan pestisida isoprocarb dalam suatu sampel.

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Pesticides are chemical compounds that are often used in agriculture because they can reduce plant pest organisms. However, excessive use of pesticides can leave residues on plants, which can cause disease if accumulated in the human body. One of the pesticides that are harmful to the human body is isoprocarb pesticide, which belongs to the carbamate group of pesticides. Isoprocarb can inhibit the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to catalyze acetylthiocholine into thiocholine and acetic acid. As a result, there will be an accumulation of acetylthiocholine species in the body which in a long term can cause nerve paralysis and even death. In this study, an electrochemical biosensor using cyclic voltammetry (CV) method with EB/K2S2O8/AChE/ATCl system on screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) has been developed to detect isoprocarb pesticide residues. In the proposed system, Eosin B (EB and K2S2O8 species act as electroactive compounds that can produce reduction peaks in the voltammogram, while AChE and ATCl species act as a recognition compounds or bioreceptors for isoprocarb. Based on the result, it can be seen that the addition of isoprocarb to the system will reduce the reduction peak on voltammogram. This biosensor has a LOD value of 0,006 ppm, a LOQ value of 0,121 ppm, and a sensitivity of 82,3907 mA ppm-1 cm-2, which indicates that the biosensor has quite good potential for detecting the isoprocarb residues in a sample."