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"Over the last decade, Africa has taken a central position in the search for the timing and mechanisms leading to modern human origins, and the rich archaeological and human paleontological record of North Africa is critical to this search. In this volume, we bring together new research into the archaeology, human paleontology, chronology, and environmental context of modern human origins in North Africa. The result is a volume that better integrates the North African record into the modern human origins debate and at the same time highlights the research questions that are currently the focus of continued work in the area.​"

"Summary: Economics needs moral enrichment to make it really useful for mankind in its search for a just world order."

"Skripsi ini membahas dan menganalisa keabsahan pengerahan pasukan multi nasional (MNJTF) oleh African Union Peace and Security Council di Nigeria sebagai tanggapan atas serangan bersenjata (armed attack) yang dilakukan oleh Boko Haram. Dengan mengingat pengerahan MNJTF didasarkan pada doktrin right of selfdefense, khususnya collective self-defense, maka akan dilakukan pembahasan tentang sejarah, pengaturan, dan perkembangan daripada doktrin right of self-defense dan collective self-defense. Pembahasan dasar pengaturan yang dimaksud mengacu pada Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, terutama Pasal 51 piagam tersebut. Status Boko haram sebagai suatu aktor bukan negara (non-state actor) menimbulkan pertanyaan, apakah terhadapnya dapat diterapkan doktrin collective self-defense. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas pula perkembangan dan syaratsyarat penerapan self-defense terhadap non-state actor.

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This thesis discusses and analyzes the legality of the authorization and deployment of a multi national joint task force (MNJTF) by the African Union Peace and Security Council in Nigeria. The aforementioned deployment was conducted in response to armed attack mounted by Boko Haram. Considering that said deployment was justified under the doctrine of right of self-defense, in particular collective self-defense, it is necessary to discuss the history, regulation, and development of right of self-defense and collective self-defense. The analysis will be based on the Charter of the United Nations, in particular Article 51 of the Charter.Boko Haram?s status as a non-state actor necessitates the discussion about the applicability of collective self-defense as a justification in this case. Thus, this thesis will also include discussion about the conditions upon which self-defense could be applied to armed attacks conducted by non-state actors."