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"Akibat kekurangan estrogen pada wanita menopause timbullah berbagai masalah kesehatan. Gangguan susunan saraf pusat seperti stroke dan Alzheimer sering ditemukan pada wanita menopause. Estrogen sangat berperan memicu regulasi pertumbuhan sel-sel neuron dan memiliki juga khasiat sinaptogenik yang meningkatkan fungsi memori. Terapi sulih hormon (TSH) menurunkan risiko stroke hingga 30% dan mengurangi risiko kematian karena stroke hingga 60%. Terapi sulih hormon mempengaruhi fungsi memori wanita menopause dan menurunkan risiko timbulnya demensia. Wanita yang mendapatkan TSH menunjukkan peningkatan fungsi memori dan dapat menjawab soal-soal dengan lebih baik dibandingkan wanita yang mendapatkan plasebo. Perdarahan pervaginam merupakan keluhan terbanyak bagi wanita dengan TSH kombinasi. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 246-9)

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As a result of estrogen deficiency in menopausal women various health problems occur. Disorders of central nervous system such as stroke and dementia due to Alzheimer?s disease are frequently encountered in menopausal women. Estrogen plays an important role in the maintenance of the dense network of neural fibres connecting one nerve cell to another, and in the synaptic activity facilitating cognitive thought and memory. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduced the risk of stroke by 30 % and a reduction of 60 % in risk of stroke mortality. The HRT influence cognitive functioning in menopausal women and may reduce the risk of developing dementia. Women who received HRT performed better on several tests of memory and logical reasoning than women taking placebo. Vaginal bleeding episodes constitute the major cause of women?s dissatisfaction with combined HRT. (Med J Indones 2002; 11: 246-9"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai efektivitas dan keamanan Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine pada penderita Alzheimer dan Alzheimer?s Disease (AD) yang disertai dengan penyakit serebrovaskular (AD+CVD atau Mixed Dementia). Galantamine diberikan selama 6 bulan pada 28 penderita AD dan AD + CVD. Evaluasi kognitif dilakukan dengan menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Restricted Reminding (RR), Neuropsycholgy Assessment, evaluasi fungsi global dengan Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), evaluasi perubahan perilaku dengan Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Hasil penelitian pada 28 penderita AD dan AD + CVD, Galantamine memberikan perbaikan fungsi kognitif yang bermakna secara klinis maupun statistik setelah terapi 6 bulan dibandingkan data dasar awal (skor MMSE p<0.05, skor RR p<0.05, NA p<0.05), perbaikan fungsi global (CDR p<0.05) dan perbaikan gejala perilaku (NPI p<0.05). Efek samping ringan (32%) mual-mual dan anokresia terjadi saat titrasi dosis obat dan dapat diatasi dengan domperidone. Disimpulkan bahwa Galantamine efektif memberikan perbaikan fungsi kognitif, fungsi global, gejala perilaku dan aman serta dapat ditoleransi dengan baik. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:94-100).

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This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine (Reminyl®) for patients with Alzheimer?s Disease (AD) and Alzheimer?s Disease with cerebrovascular Disease (AD+CVD or mixed Dementia). A 6-month open label observational study of Galantamine has been conducted on 28 patients with AD and AD+CVD patients. Primary endpoints were cognitive performance as assessed using the Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), the Restricted Reminding Test), the Neuropsychology Assessment, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to assess global function and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to assess behavioral symptoms. Patients were also monitored for safety evaluation. Six month Galantamine group had a significant better outcome of cognitive performance, global function and behavioral symptoms compared with the baseline data as were assessed using the MMSE (p<0.05), the Restricted Reminding (p<0.05), the Neuropsychology Assessment (p<0.05), the CDR (p<0.05) and the NPI (p<0.05). Minimal adverse events (32%) were anorexia and nausea. It is concluded that Galantamine has a significant benefit to improve cognitive, global function, behavioral symptoms and only caused minimal adverse events. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:94-100)."