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"Dalam rangka pencapaian universal health coverage, mekanisme asuransi kesehatan wajib merupakan satu langkah yang dapat ditempuh untuk mencapai hal tersebut. Namun, ditemukan permasalahan yang terjadi di berbagai negara, yaitu sulitnya mengintegrasikan sektor informal dalam program yang akhirnya menghambat negara dalam pencapaian UHC. Selain itu, tidak adanya lembaga yang menaungi sektor informal serta tidak adanya mekanisme efektif yang “memaksa” sektor informal untuk bergabung dalam program merupakan kondisi yang memprihatinkan karena sektor informal rentan terhadap bahaya kesehatan yang disebabkan oleh pekerjaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat determinan status kepesertaan aktif dalam program asuransi kesehatan wajib pada kalangan sektor informal serta untuk menelaah inovasi yang dilakukan diberbagai negara ketika mengintegrasikan sektor informal dalam kepesertaan program. Literature review merupakan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sumber data diperoleh dari 5 online database yaitu, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, dan WileyOnline Library. Terdapat 12 studi yang terinklusi dalam penelitian ini. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas studi menggunakan asuransi kesehatan sosial dalam menerapkan program asuransi kesehatan wajib. Fungsi financial protection pada seluruh negara temuan kurang adekuat karena tingkat out-of-pocket masih diatas ambang batas WHO. Ditemukan 5 determinan yang berhubungan dengan enrollment dan 7 determinan terkait kepesertaan aktif. Terdapat 4 determinan yang dapat diberikan intervensi, yaitu pengetahuan, tingkat pendidikan, sosialisasi oleh pihak penyelenggara serta metode pembayaran. Ditemukan inovasi seperti menerapkan kajian wajib untuk program, pemberian insentif dan mengembangkan strategi komunikasi efektif.

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In the context of achieving universal health coverage, the mandatory health insurance mechanism is one step that can be taken to achieve this. However, problems were found in various countries, namely the difficulty of integrating the informal sector into programs which ultimately hindered countries from achieving UHC. In addition, the absence of institutions that oversee the informal sector and the absence of effective mechanisms that "force" the informal sector to join the program is a worrying condition because the informal sector is vulnerable to health hazards caused by its work. This study aims to examine the determinants of active participation status in compulsory health insurance programs among the informal sector and to examine innovations made in various countries when integrating the informal sector into program participation. Literature review is the method used in this study. Data sources were obtained from 5 online databases, namely, PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and WileyOnline Library. There are 12 studies included in this study. The results show that the majority of studies use social health insurance in implementing a mandatory health insurance program. The financial protection function in all the countries found is inadequate because the out-of-pocket level is still above the WHO threshold. There are 5 determinants related to enrollment and 7 determinants related to active participation. There are 4 determinants that can be intervened namely knowledge, level of education, counselling by the organizers and method of payment. Innovations were found such as implementing mandatory reviews for programs, providing incentives and developing effective communication strategies."

"ABSTRAKAfter four years of implementation of the Village Fund Program, although there were concrete results from the implementation of programs such as the establishment of various basic infrastructures in many villages, the number of cases of misuse of village funds by village heads showed that there were still serious problems in the governance of program implementation and accountability. In many cases, this is due to the ineffective participation of the village community in implementing the program. There is no community participation at all, or even if the community participate, their inability to support the weak village governments in managing village funds properly has resulted in the ineffective implementation of programs and uncontrolled corruption. In this regard, there is a strong correlation of the level of competence and public education with the effectiveness of community participation. A better level of community knowledge will not only increase the level of community participation in the process of policymaking and the implementation of the program but also the quality of the policies made and the results of programs that affect the community. To implement the Village Fund Program effectively and to derive better results through more effective community participation, the Indonesian Government must focus its efforts on increasing communitys capacity to participate in program implementation both through formal and informal education or enhance the role of Non Governmental Organizations in community empowerment. "

"Buku Primer Ketengban ini dipergunakan untuk mengajarkan kecakapan membaca dan menulis kepada orang-orang Ketengban. Bahasa Ketengban dipergunakan oleh kira-kira 10-12 ribu orang yang tinggal di daerah pegunungan bagian timur Irian Jaya.Metode yang diterapkan dalam mengajar membaca dan menulis dalam buku ini adalah metode yang divariasikan dari Metode Gudschinskv. seorang anggota Summer Institute of Linguistics. Prinsip pertama dari metode ini ialah bahwabunyi harus diajarkan satu per satu. Kedua, morfem terikat dan partikel yang seluruhnya bersifat gramatikal tidak diajarkan menurut bunyinya, melainkandengan kata lengkap. Di dalarn setiap pelajaran terdapat latihan membaca dan menulis.Abjad yang dipilih untuk menulis Bahasa Ketengban ini sengaja dirancang sedapat mungkin sesuai dengan abjad Bahasa Indonesia. Kecakapan membaca yang diperoleh dalam Bahasa Ketengban ini dimaksudkan agar kelak dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar untuk membaca Bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa nasional dengan baik. Lambang-lambang yang dipergunakan dalam Bahasa Ketengban sama dengan lambang Bahasa Indonesia, kecuali beberapa vokal yang diucapkan menjadi satu : au, ei, ou, dan beberapa konsonan yang ditulis raenjadi satu dengan huruf, y, atau.w, seperti : kw, gw, ngw, dan ly."

"Modal pada koperasi digolongkan menjadi dua jenis, yakni modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman. Selain itu, untuk memperkuat struktur modal, koperasi dapat pula melakukan pemupukan modal melalui penyertaan modal. Modal penyertaan dapat diberikan oleh siapa saja, dari dalam maupun luar negeri, baik pemerintah, anggota koperasi, masyarakat, badan usaha berbadan hukum dan badan usaha tidak berbadan hukum, serta badan-badan hukum lainnya, melalui perjanjian penyertaan modal antara koperasi dengan pemodal. Atas modal yang disertakannya pada koperasi tersebut, Pemodal tentunya perlu diberikan perlindungan hukum, terutama apabila koperasi kelak mengalami kerugian yang dapat merugikan pemodal. Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada mengalami kerugian yang mengakibatkan Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada wanprestasi terhadap pemodal. Untuk memperoleh kesimpulan atas perlindungan hukum yang diberikan Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada, dilakukan penelitian dengan bentuk yuridis normatif dengan tipologi penelitian deskriptif. Pada akhirnya, tidak ada perlindungan hukum yang diberikan Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada karena hal tersebut tidak diatur dalam perjanjian penyertaan modal. Selain itu, peraturan perundang- undangan tentang penyertaan modal pada koperasi juga tidak mengatur adanya perlindungan hukum. Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada selanjutnya menyelesaikan kewajibannya melalui perjanjian perdamaian antara pemodal dan Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Persada yang termuat dalam putusan homologasi antara Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada dengan pemodal yang mewajibkan Koperasi Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada untuk memenuhi kewajibannya terhadap pemodal.

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Cooperative Capital is classified by two types, i.e. equity capital and debt capital. To maintain a solid structure of capital, Cooperative might have an equity participation. Equity participation may be given by anyone from national or international parties, whether government, members of cooperatives, community, legal entity and unincorporated business entities, and other legal entities, through a cooperative equity participation agreement between cooperative and investor. Therefore, investors would need to be given protection by the law, especially when the cooperative suffered an economic loss that could harm the investors. This condition happened to Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada Cooperative. To obtain the conclusion on legal protection which might be given by Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada Cooperatives, normative juridical approach with a descriptive typology research is used. In the end, there is no legal protection for investor provided by Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada Cooperative. Moreover, there is also no legal protection for investor provided by any regulation especially about equity participation in cooperative. Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada Cooperative only settle its obligations to investors after a peace agreement between the investors and Cipaganti Karya Guna Persada Cooperative, which requires Cipaganti Guna Karya Persada Cooperative to settle its obligations to investors. "

"COOP 2012 is the tenth COOP conference, marking twenty years from the first conference in 1992. In this special anniversary edition we asked researchers and practitioners to reflect on what have been the successes and the failures in designing cooperative systems, and what challenges still need to be addressed. We have come a long way in understanding the intricacies of cooperation and in designing systems that support work practices and collective activities. These advances would not have been possible without the concerted effort of contributions from a plethora of domains including CSCW, HCI, information systems, knowledge engineering, multi-agent systems, organizational and management sciences, sociology, psychology, anthropology, ergonomics, linguistics, etc. The COOP community is going from strength to strength in developing new technologies, advancing and proposing new methodological approaches, and forging theories."

"[ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana probabilitas perempuan dalam menentukan preferensi antara bekerja dan menikah yang dilakukan secara bersama-sama, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya dengan menggunakan data dari Survey Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2012. Keputusan partisipasi kerja pada seorang perempuan sangat berkaitan erat dengan keputusannya dalam status perkawinan. Status perkawinan perempuan telah diketahui akan mempengaruhi keputusan perempuan dalam berpartisipasi di pasar kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah model sequential probit, dimana masing-masing keputusan dilakukan secara berurutan menurut model probit biner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan perbandingan karakteristik daerah tempat tinggal dan tingkat pendidikan, di dapatkan bahwa probabilitas terbesar seorang perempuan dalam menentukan pekerjaan dan perkawinanya adalah probabilitas perempuan bekerja dan menikah dengan pendidikan Perguruan Tinggi dan tinggal di daerah perkotaan yaitu sebesar 65.39 persen. Sedangkan probabilitas terkecil adalah probabilitas perempuan yang tidak bekerja dan tidak menikah yang tinggal didaerah perkotaan dengan pendidikan SD yaitu sebesar 0.004 persen.;

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent.;This study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent., This study aims to determine how the probability of women in determining her preferences between work and married and the factors that influence it, using data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) in 2012. Decisions on a female labor forcr participation is closely related to the decision in marital status. Marital status would influence a woman's decision to participate in the labor market. The method used is sequential probit models, where each decision made in sequence according to a binary probit model. The results showed that by comparison the characteristic of the residence and level of education, found that the greatest probability is the probability of working and married women with education Universities and live in urban areas in the amount of 65.39 percent. While the smallest probability is the probability of women who do not work and are not married who live in urban areas with primary education that is equal to 0.004 percent.]"