"Paper ini adalah hasil studi identifikasi faktor resiko, penanganan resiko, dan model manajemen resiko krisis kontraktor di Indonesia. Studi identifikasi diawali dengan studi literatur penyusunan daftar dugaan faktor resiko. Karena referensi kebanyakan hanya menyajikan penyebablakibat krisis secara umum, dilakukan survei ahli terhadap sejumlah praktisi konstruksi senior. Hasil survei yang dijadikan dasar penyusunan kuesioner, disebarkan pada praktisi konstruksi, khususnya para project manager dan proposal manager. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor resiko yang paling dominan bagi kontraktor akibat krisis ekonomi dan politik adalah faktor resiko finansial seperti : tangible rate, inflation rate, dan interest rate.
Studi penanganan resiko dilakukan berdasarkan hasil studi identifikasi, studi literatur, dan kuesioner. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kontraktor di Indonesia belum banyak menerapkan metoda-metoda financial risk treatment untuk menangani resiko krisis dengan baik. Empat risk treatment yang paling sering dilakukan responden adalah Mengurangi/menghindari material impor, hutang, dan pengeluaran mata uang asing, serta review project preparing managernent. Keempat risk treatment ini merupakan risk treatment konvensional dan bersifat internal. Banyak risk treatment lainnya, seperti variasi ikatan kontrak dan kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga, yang termasuk jarang/kadang-kadang dilakukan. Metoda-metoda financial risk treatment ini belum banyak diterapkan terutama karena banyak project proposal manager yang balum memahami metoda-metoda tersebut dan ilmu risk management itu sendiri.
Untuk memperkuat kedua hasil studi, dilakukan analisa data statistik seperti : Cronbach's alpha (keandalan data sebagai estimasi dari nilai sebenarnya dari sebuah populasi), uji konkordans' (keselarasan penilaian antar responden), dan uji differensiasi (signifikansi perbedaan data masa krisis dan sebelum krisis). Selain itu dilakukan juga analisa kualitatif, baik dari literatur, pendapat tertulis para responden, maupun dari hasil interview.
Penelitian juga mengusulkan sebuah model manajemen resiko krisis yang diharapkan sesuai untuk kondisi sektor konstruksi di Indonesia. Model melibatkan faktor-faktor resiko finansial yang dominan serta risk treatment yang bersifat internal, bilateral (contract), dan third party.
This paper is a result of risk factor identification, risk treatment, and risk management model ['or contractors in Indonesian crisis situation. Identification study is begun with literature study to prepare an estimated risk factors list. While most of literatures only specify the cause/impact of crisis in general, a survey to senior construction practitioners is conducted. The survey result, which is used to prepare a questionnaire, is spread to construction practitioners, especially for project and proposal managers. This research finds that the most dominant risk factors for contractors due to Indonesian economic and political crisis are financial risk factors, such as : Exchange rate, inflation rate, and interest rate.
Risk treatment study is conducted based on identification study result, literature study, and questionnaire, This research finds that most of Indonesian contractors have not used many kind of financial risk treatment methods yet to manage the crisis well. The most frequently used risk treatments are : Minimize import materials, minimize tbreign currency debt, minimize foreign service payment, and project planning/management review. These risk treatments are conventional and internal methods. There are many risk treatments, such as contract type variations and third party partnerships, which are not frequently used. Many project/proposal managers have not used them especially because they are not familiar with these financial risk treatment methods and risk management knowledge itself.
To support the study results, tt statistical analysis is conducted, such as : ('ronbach's alpha (data reliability as an estimation of true value of a population), concordance test, and dillerentiation test (crisis and before crisis data). A qualitative analysis is also conducted, based on literatures, respondents' opinion, and interview result.
This research also proposes a crisis risk management model, which is expected to be appropriate for Indonesian construction sector's condition. The model includes dominant financial risk factors and internal, contractual, and third parties risk treatments."
