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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab apakah terdapat dampak jangka panjang dari pendudukan bangsa Eropa terhadap pembangunan regional di Pulau Jawa. Untuk menjelaskan dampak jangka panjang tersebut, jalur yang difokuskan di penelitian ini adalah transfer teknologi. Transfer teknologi dari bangsa Eropa yang terjadi di Pulau Jawa dapat digambarkan oleh penerapan tanam paksa cultuurstelsel. Metode yang digunakan adalah Pooled OLS dan Instrumental Variables IV. Estimasi dengan tingkat kesuburan jenis tanah sebagai instrumen dan variabel geografi sebagai kontrol memperlihatkan adanya asosiasi positif antara kota/kabupaten yang terkena penerapan tanam paksa dengan PDRB per kapita. Di samping itu, penerapan tanam paksa memiliki asosiasi negatif dengan ketimpangan dan kemiskinan meskipun tidak signifikan.

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This paper tries to answer whether there is long term effect of European settlement on regional development in Java. To explain the long term effect, one of many channels is focused in this paper that is technology transfer. Technology transfer from European in Java may be represented by the cultivation system cultuurstelsel. This paper uses Pooled OLS and Instrumental Variable IV method to estimate these effect. Estimation using soil type fertility as instrument and geographical characteristics as control variables found that cities that experienced cultuurstelsel have significantly higher GDRP per capita. In addition, cities with cultuurstelsel may have lower inequality and poverty but insignificant effect."

"Underutilized Fruit Trees (UFTs) berhasil diidentifikasi, dimanfaatkan, dan dilestarikan oleh kelompok masyarakat hukum adat yang tinggal di Kampung Urug, Jawa Barat. Pada awal tahun 2020, Kampung Urug dilanda banjir dan tanah longsor yang menyebabkan lokasi tempat tumbuh UFTs rusak. Upaya sistematis dan terintegrasi untuk meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim perlu dilakukan. Peningkatan ketahanan terhadap perubahan iklim dapat dilakukan dengan mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat hukum adat dalam membudidayakan UFTs dan meminimalisir dampak perubahan iklim serta pendekatan lintas sektoral di tingkat lokal melalui analisis vegetasi dan analisis perubahan kerapatan vegetasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan teknik budidaya UFTs, lokasi tempat tumbuh UFTs, menganalisis kerapatan vegetasi tempat UFTs ditemukan, mendokumentasikan pengetahuan lokal masyarakat hukum adat dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim, menganalisis perubahan kerapatan vegetasi selama 10 tahun, menganalisis struktur dan komposisi vegetasi di Kampung Urug. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kombinasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dengan 16 orang, wawancara mendalam dengan 19 orang, dan observasi lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa teknik budidaya UFTs yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat hukum adat di Kampung Urug adalah pemilihan bibit (pilihan bibit tatangkalan), penyiapan lahan (nyiapkeun taneuh), penanaman tanaman (melak tatangkalan), perawatan tanaman (ngurus tatangkalan), dan pemanenan (panen). Sebanyak 53 UFTs yang berasal dari 13 spesies ditemukan di 24 placemark yang berbeda. Sebanyak 62% UFTs ditemukan di lokasi dengan indeks vegetasi sedang dan 38% UFTs ditemukan di lokasi dengan indeks vegetasi rendah. Masyarakat hukum adat mendefinisikan perubahan iklim sebagai perubahan musim. Salah satu gejala adanya perubahan iklim adalah terdengarnya suara Presbytis comata yang tinggal di Gunung Pongkor. Pada daerah bervegetasi sangat tinggi terjadi penurunan luas kerapatan vegetasi sebesar 94%. Pada daerah bervegetasi rendah, bervegetasi sedang, dan bervegetasi tinggi terjadi peningkatan luas kerapatan vegetasi, secara berurutan sebesar 1%, 34%, dan 59%. Schima wallichii memiliki Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tertinggi (41,84%), diikuti oleh Mangifera kemanga (18,77%) dan Sandoricum koetjape (14,75%). Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pengembangan program konservasi keanekaragaman hayati.

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Underutilized Fruit Trees (UFTs) have been identified, utilized, and preserved by indigenous people living in Urug Village. However, Urug Village hit by flooding and landslides in early 2020, damaging the location where UFT grew.  Therefore, a systematic and integrated effort is needed to increase resilience to climate change. Increasing resilience to climate change can be conducted by documenting local knowledge of indigenous peoples in cultivating UFTs and minimizing the impact of climate change, also a cross-sectoral approach at the local level through the analysis of vegetation and analysis of changes in vegetation density. This study aims to determine UFTs cultivation techniques, locations where UFTs grow, vegetation density where UFTs are found, find out local knowledge of indigenous peoples in dealing with climate change, changes in vegetation density over 10 years, structure and composition of vegetation in Urug Village. This research was conducted using a combination research method where data collection was carried out through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with 16 people, in-depth interviews with 19 people, and field observations. Based on this research, the UFTs cultivation techniques carried out by the indigenous people in Urug Village are the selection of seeds (pilihan bibit tatangkalan), land preparation (nyiapkeun taneuh), planting (melak tatangkalan), caring (ngurus tatangkalan), and harvest (panen). A total of 53 UFTs from 13 species  found in 24 different placemarks. A total of 62% of UFTs were found in locations with medium vegetation index and 38% of UFTs were found in locations with low vegetation index. Indigenous peoples define climate change as a change in season. One of the symptoms of climate change is the sound of Presbytis comata who lives on Mount Pongkor (2) There is a decrease of vegetation density by 94% in the area with very high vegetation. There is an increase of vegetation density in the area with low, moderate, dan high vegetation density by 1%, 34%, dan 59%, respectively (3) Schima wallichii) has the highest Importance Value Index (41.84%), followed by Mangifera kemanga(18.77%), and Sandoricum koetjape (14.75%). The results of this research can be used as a basis for biodiversity conservation programs."

"AbstrakThis study tries to explore how the implementation of the Agroforestry system that is initiated by the Ministry of Forestry. The study took place in Cibulao Village, Bogor District, West Java Province, which is in a forest area. The study approach is carried out qualitatively through in-depth interviews. The Agroforestry system is intended to try to reduce forest conversion and destruction as an alternative to protect the forest and at the same time give people around the forest an opportunity to exploit the economic potential of the forest."

"Pertanian ladang berpindah oleh Suku Dayak Iban di Desa Mensiau mempunyai beberapa tahapan dalam pengelolaannya, yaitu membakar lahan, kemudian menanam padi dalam beberapa kali musim tanam, lalu di tinggalkan agar menjadi hutan kembali. Tahapan pertumbuhan tanaman dalam satu siklus perladangan berpindah idelanya mulai dari jejak bakar, ladang, semak belukar, belukar muda, belukar tua, kemudian hutan sekunder, sehingga dalam satu wilayah tanam suatu siklus perladangan berpindah dapat berlangsung selama 20 tahun sekali. Penelitian ladang berpindah bertujuan untuk melihat karakteristik lahan melalui data dari hasil perekaman pesawat tanpa awak, melihat perubahan siklus ladang berpindah menggunakan analisis temporal NDVI Landsat, serta menghitung pengaruh jarak ladang terhadap aksesibilitas terhadap tempat tinggal dengan menggunakan Euclidean Distance Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar perladangan berpindah dilakukan pada lahan yang berbukit kecil dengan kemiringan 15 - 25 dan jenis tanah Ultisol. Analisa NDVI pada beberapa ladang menunjukan peningkatan siklus perladangan berpindah dari sebesar 3 sampai 5 tahun sekali, dan hasil analisis jarak memperilhatkan perladangan berpindah banyak dilakukan pada wilayah di sekitar jalan, dibandingkan dengan sungai atau tempat tinggal.

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Shifting cultivation by Dayak Iban Tribe on Mensiau village have several stages, burn the land, rice cultivating for two or three planting season, then abandoned for reforestation. Vegetation growth trough several stages on one cycle, ideally strated from burn scar, rice field, bushes, young secondary regrowth, old secondary regrowth, then become secondary forest, so that cycle needs 20 years.

The aim of this research is to identify the spatial charactheristic of shifting cultivation from UAV data, calculating the change on cycle from Landsat NDVI temporal analysis, also calculating the distance from home and access to the field using Euclidean Distance Analysis.

The result shows most of shifting cultivation happen on hilly area with 15 25 slopes and Ultisol soil type. NDVI analysis for some field shown increasing of cycle time from 3 to 5 year, and distance analysis reveal that shfting cultivation mostly take place near the roads."

"AbstrakThis article examines the role played by oil palm cultivation in transforming the living world of farmers in a village in Southern Thailand, based on the interaction between villagers actions and reactions by the environment. The mode of living in the research site had been self sufficient in terms of paddy cultivation and utilization of surrounding natural resources. However, the introduction of a modern style of rubber cultivation in the 1970s, followed by oil palm cultivation in the 1980s, completely changed the villages socio ecological order. These two crops cover the entire village besides residences. The villagers purchase all food materials and even drinking water, and they enjoy a modern way of living fully equipped with electrical appliances and cars. The elders in the village still remembe and somehow miss the past life, while the youth, mostly college graduates, have lost their ties with the natural environment in daily life.Oil palm, in spite of its smaller cultivation area, has played a more vital role than rubber in transforming the living world of the village, because harvesting and selling the fruit are outsourced to middlemens labor. Some villagers employ labor for rubber tapping and harvesting. This system enables the villagers to be white collar farmers. Although there are attempts by some villagers to reduce their living costs and secure food safety by cultivating upland rice and vegetables for self consumption, it is difficult for them to drastically change their livelihoods and become completely self sufficient. What appears at first glance to be a rich village is in fact vulnerable to both natural and market conditions."

"AbstrakThis article examines the role played by oil palm cultivation in transforming the living world of farmers in a village in Southern Thailand, based on the interaction between villagers actions and reactions by the environment. The mode of living in the research site had been self sufficient in terms of paddy cultivation and utilization of surrounding natural resources. However, the introduction of a modern style of rubber cultivation in the 1970s, followed by oil palm cultivation in the 1980s, completely changed the villages socio ecological order. These two crops cover the entire village besides residences. The villagers purchase all food materials and even drinking water, and they enjoy a modern way of living fully equipped with electrical appliances and cars. The elders in the village still remembe and somehow miss the past life, while the youth, mostly college graduates, have lost their ties with the natural environment in daily life.Oil palm, in spite of its smaller cultivation area, has played a more vital role than rubber in transforming the living world of the village, because harvesting and selling the fruit are outsourced to middlemens labor. Some villagers employ labor for rubber tapping and harvesting. This system enables the villagers to be white collar farmers. Although there are attempts by some villagers to reduce their living costs and secure food safety by cultivating upland rice and vegetables for self consumption, it is difficult for them to drastically change their livelihoods and become completely self sufficient. What appears at first glance to be a rich village is in fact vulnerable to both natural and market conditions."

"AbstrakThis article examines the role played by oil palm cultivation in transforming the living world of farmers in a village in Southern Thailand, based on the interaction between villagers actions and reactions by the environment. The mode of living in the research site had been self sufficient in terms of paddy cultivation and utilization of surrounding natural resources. However, the introduction of a modern style of rubber cultivation in the 1970s, followed by oil palm cultivation in the 1980s, completely changed the villages socio ecological order. These two crops cover the entire village besides residences. The villagers purchase all food materials and even drinking water, and they enjoy a modern way of living fully equipped with electrical appliances and cars. The elders in the village still remembe and somehow miss the past life, while the youth, mostly college graduates, have lost their ties with the natural environment in daily life.Oil palm, in spite of its smaller cultivation area, has played a more vital role than rubber in transforming the living world of the village, because harvesting and selling the fruit are outsourced to middlemens labor. Some villagers employ labor for rubber tapping and harvesting. This system enables the villagers to be white collar farmers. Although there are attempts by some villagers to reduce their living costs and secure food safety by cultivating upland rice and vegetables for self consumption, it is difficult for them to drastically change their livelihoods and become completely self sufficient. What appears at first glance to be a rich village is in fact vulnerable to both natural and market conditions."