Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"AbstrakPalm oil has become one of the most contested agricultural commodities in developing countries. This commodity character should be viewed in the context of the transnational behavior of agribusiness capital and related industrial restructuring. This paper focuses on the globalization of agribusiness capital and its impact on the industrial structure in Malaysia as a leading country in palm oil development, based on the following viewpoints: the commodity chain perspective and transnationalization of agribusiness capital.The major implications are as follows: Based on plantation development, Malaysian agribusiness capital has implemented strategies not only of vertical integration but also of transnationalization of upstream/downstream sectors. These global strategies of agribusinesses have, however, brought about the following consequences: (1) overseas plantation development has been accompanied by allegations of primitive accumulation and socio-political/environmental disruption, leading to Malaysia being limited as an investor country; (2) with the Malaysian refining industry having to purchase palm oil at relatively high prices from the domestic plantation sector, as well as Indonesia surge in production, the downstream sector in Malaysia has faced difficulties; (3) agribusiness capital has depended heavily on a foreign labor force to avoid paying fair wages for domestic workers, which has led to deepening agricultural vulnerability. In contrast to the growth of globalized agribusinesses, the Malaysian palm oil industry linking upstream and downstream sectors nationally is standing at a crossroads."

"Red palm oil (RPO) mengandung antioksidan yang larut dalam lemak seperti karotenoid (α dan β-karoten, likopen), vitamin E (dalam bentuk α, β, dan δ tokotrienol dan tokoferol), dan ubikuinon. Red palm oil (RPO) dapat digunakan sebagai upaya mencegah stunting dan kekurangan gizi karena nilai gizi yang jauh lebih tinggi daripada minyak goreng yang beredar di pasaran. Akan tetapi, belum terdapat banyak studi mengenai pemanfaatan red palm oil (RPO) dalam hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula emulsi dari red palm oil (RPO). Sediaan emulsi red palm oil (RPO) dibuat menggunakan 5% sukrosa ester palmitat untuk mengemulsifikasi 5% (F1), 10% (F2), dan 15% (F3) red palm oil (RPO) dengan madu untuk menambah kestabilan, kemudian dilakukan karakterisasi fisik untuk mengetahui stabilitas emulsi selama 12 minggu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama 12 minggu ketiga formula emulsi stabil berdasarkan parameter organoleptis, pH, homogenitas viskositas, ukuran partikel, dan zeta potensial. Hasil uji hedonis pada 30 orang responden menunjukkan bahwa formula F1 paling disukai para responden. Dengan demikian, dalam penelitian ini formula F1 menghasilkan hasil uji yang paling baik.

---

Red palm oil (RPO) contains fat-soluble antioxidants such as carotenoids (α and β-carotene, lycopene), Vitamin E (in the form of α, β, and δ tocotrienols and tocopherols), and ubiquinone. Red palm oil (RPO) can be used as an effort to prevent stunting and nutritional deficiencies due to its significantly higher nutritional value compared to cooking oils available in the market. However, there haven't been many studies regarding the utilization of red palm oil (RPO) in this matter. This study aims to obtain an emulsion formula from red palm oil (RPO). The red palm oil (RPO) emulsion preparations were made using 5% sucrose ester palmitate to emulsify 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3) red palm oil (RPO) with honey to enhance stability. Subsequently, a physical characterization was conducted to determine the emulsion's stability over a period of 12 weeks. The results showed that all three emulsion formulas remained stable over the 12-week period based on organoleptic parameters, pH, viscosity homogeneity, particle size, and zeta potential. Hedonic testing results from 30 respondents indicated that Formula F1 was the most preferred by the respondents. Therefore, in this study, Formula F1 yielded the best test results."

"Light is one of the most important factor in plant tissue culture. The growth and development of plant in vitro are affected by light quality. This study examines the influence of different light qualities on the in vitro growth and development of oil palm shoots. Oil palm shoots were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium under either white fluorescent lamp, white light-emitting diode (LED), red LED, blue LED, combination of red and blue LED, or in darkness. The results show that the growth and development of oil palm shoots are influenced by the light quality. Root initiation and shoot elongation were good under red light, while chlorophyll and sugar content was better produced under white and blue light than red light. In addition to white fluorescent lamp, the combination of red and blue LED resulted in higher growth parameter compared to other light treatments, but the results were not significantly different."

"Pekerja anak dan partisipasi sekolah dapat berubah melalui pemintaan dan penawaran pekerja saat peningkatan permintaan komoditas. Peningkatan permintaan global terhadap kelapa sawit mendorong perhatian international terkait pekerja anak di sektor kelapa sawit Indonesia. Kami menggunakan estimasi difference-in-difference untuk dua periode waktu data dari SUSENAS di tahun 2002 dan 2010 pada tingkat kabupaten menggunakan peningkatan permintaan secara global dan kecocokan pengolahan lahan kelapa sawit sebagai exogenous treatment. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peningkatan permintaan kelapa sawit meningkatkan pekerja anak sebesar 1,44% dan mengurangi partisipasi sekolah sebanyak 1.85% di kabupten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di atas batas estimasi kesesuaian perhitungan kelapa sawit yang dapat diolah (suitability cultivation) dibandingkan kabupaten yang menghasilkan kelapa sawit di bawah batas tersebut. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah Indonesia harus berkomitmen untuk mengurangi tingkat pekerja anak di kabupaten penghasil kelapa sawit dengan meningkatkan pengawasan tenaga kerja secara langsung dan meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas sekolah-sekolah di daerah-daerah penghasil kelapa sawit.

---

Child labour and schooling can be changed through the demand and labour supply of a booming commodity. The increased global demand for palm oil put another international attention on the increased child labour incidence in the Indonesia palm oil sector. We estimate difference-in-difference estimation for two period data of SUSENAS in 2002 and 2010 on district level using increasing global demand and suitability cultivation as the exogenous treatments. This paper's findings suggest that the palm oil boom increased child labour by 1.44% and reduced schooling as much as 1.85% on average in the district above the suitability of palm oil cultivation than those below the median. Therefore, the Indonesian government should commit to eradicating child labour incidence in palm oil areas by improving labour control and increasing the number and quality of schools."

"ABSTRACTThe Oil derrived from the oil palm plant has become one of the most contested agricultural commodities in Southeast Asia, and development of novel uses for it is in high demand. Trehalose fatty acid esters have begun attracting attention due to their specific potent applications (based on the exceptional intrinsic properties of the hydrophilic trehalose part) and their amphiphilicity. In order to enhance the usability of palm products and trehalose fatty acid esters, in this present study we focused on the use of trehose fatty acid monoesters (TMEs) prepared with natural fatty acids extracted from oil palms as cryoprotectants. "

"Red palm olein (RP-Olein) mengandung β-karoten dan vitamin E sebagai provitamin A dan antioksidan yang mampu mengatasi defisiensi vitamin A serta meningkatkan sistem imun pada anak yang mengalami stunting. Namun, RP-Olein memiliki keterbatasan yaitu tidak stabil terhadap cahaya, suhu, dan oksidasi selama penyimpanan, serta memiliki rasa dan aroma yang khas sehingga kemungkinan kurang disukai oleh anak-anak. Dalam mengatasi keterbatasan RP-Olein dipilih sediaan farmasi yaitu emulsi O/W. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula yang stabil secara fisik dan kimia serta untuk mendapatkan data toksisitas akut oral secara in vivo. Sebelum RP-Olein diformulasikan, RP-Olein terlebih dahulu dilakukan fraksinasi kering untuk mendapatkan fraksi olein. Hasil karakterisasi dari RP-Olein menunjukkan asam lemak bebas 0,44%, bilangan peroksida 5,66 meq/kg, dan bilangan iodin 58,79 gI2/100g. Formula emulsi dibuat dengan menggunakan 5% sukrosa ester palmitat untuk tiap formula yang mengandung 5% (F1), 10% (F2), dan 15% (F3) RP-Olein. Formula emulsi dievaluasi ukuran globul, indeks polidispersitas, potensial zeta, pH, viskositas, uji batas mikroba, hedonik, uji stabilitas selama 12 minggu, dan uji toksisitas akut oral (in vivo). Hasil penelitian didapatkan formula terpilih yaitu formula F3 dengan ukuran globul 178±0,2 nm, indeks polidispersitas 0,107±0,021, potensial zeta -27,4±2,0 mV, tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan mikroba dan kapang khamir, viskositas 26,09±0,05 cps, pH 4,48±0,02 yang dilanjutkan untuk uji toksisitas akut oral. Semua kelompok tikus Sprague-Dawley menunjukkan peningkatan berat badan selama 14 hari, tidak menunjukkan adanya gejala toksisitas dan kematian hingga dosis 5000 mg/kgBB, serta tidak menunjukkan kerusakan organ hati dan ginjal pada semua kelompok.

---

Red palm olein (RP-Olein) contains β-carotene and vitamin E, which act as provitamin A and antioxidants, capable of addressing vitamin A deficiency and improving the immune system in children with stunting. However, RP-Olein has limitations, such as instability to light, heat, and oxidation during storage, as well as a distinctive taste and odor that may be less favored by children. To overcome these limitations, an O/W emulsion formulation was chosen. This study aims to develop a physically and chemically stable formula and obtain acute oral toxicity data in vivo. Prior to formulation, RP-Olein was subjected to dry fractionation to obtain olein fraction. Characterization of RP-Olein showed free fatty acids of 0.44%, peroxide value of 5.66 meq/kg, and iodine value of 58.79 gI2/100g. Emulsion formulas were prepared with 5% sucrose palmitate at RP-Olein concentrations of 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3). The emulsions were evaluated for globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, viscosity, microbial limits, hedonic, stability over 12 weeks, and acute oral toxicity (in vivo). The results showed that the selected formula, F3 (15% RP-Olein), had a globule size of 178±0.2 nm, polydispersity index of 0.107±0.021, zeta potential of -27.4±2.0 mV, no microbial growth, viscosity of 26.09±0.05 cps, and pH of 4.48±0.02. In the acute oral toxicity test, all groups of Sprague-Dawley rats showed weight gain and no signs of toxicity or organ damage, even at a dose of 5000 mg/kg BW."

"Terlepas dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang luar biasa antara tahun 2010 dan 2019, tantangan tak terduga seperti pandemi COVID-19 dan perubahan iklim telah menghambat kemajuan menuju tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Salah satu indikator ekonomi hijau yang menjadi sorotan dalam kerangka Green Economy Index (GEI) adalah aspek lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, untuk membantu Indonesia mencapai target keberlanjutannya, studi ini menganalisis industri minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) di Indonesia sebagai salah satu penyumbang terpenting bagi perekonomian negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika dan keberlanjutan industri CPO di Indonesia. Rumusan masalah yang akan diteliti lebih lanjut dalam penelitian ini antara lain: (1) Bagaimana hubungan antara alokasi CPO untuk pangan dan alokasi CPO untuk energi? (2) Berapa proyeksi total permintaan CPO untuk minyak goreng, biodiesel, oleokimia, dan ekspor? Berapa banyak tambahan perluasan lahan kelapa sawit yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi permintaan CPO? (3) Apa saja indikator ekonomi hijau yang dapat diukur dalam model industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia? (3) Apa saja variabel yang menjadi titik ungkit pada model industri kelapa sawit Indonesia. Luaran dari penelitian ini meliputi simulator kebijakan berbasis model dengan pendekatan sistem dinamis dan dashboard hasil simulasi. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang saling ketergantungan yang kompleks dalam industri kelapa sawit dan memberikan wawasan strategis untuk pembuatan kebijakan dan pembangunan berkelanjutan.

---

Despite remarkable economic growth between 2010 and 2019, unforeseen challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change have hampered progress toward sustainable development goals. One of the indicators in the green economy that is highlighted by the Green Economy Index (GEI) framework is the environmental aspects. Thus, to help Indonesia achieves its target sustainability targets, this study analyzed the crude palm oil (CPO) industry in Indonesia as one of the most important contributors to the nation’s economy. This research aims to analyze the dynamics and sustainability of the CPO industry in Indonesia. The key questions that will be investigated further in this research include: (1) What is the relationship between the allocation of CPO for food and biodiesel fuel? (2) What is the projected total demand for CPO for cooking oil, biodiesel, oleochemicals, and exports? How much additional land use change is needed to meet the demand for CPO? (3) What are the green economy indicators that can be measured in the oil palm industry model in Indonesia? and (4) What are the leverage points in the Indonesian palm oil industry model? Outcomes from this study include a model-based policy simulator using the system dynamics approach and a simulation results dashboard. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the complex interdependencies within the palm oil industry and provides strategic insights for policy-making and sustainable development."

"Karbon aktif pada masker yang digunakan untuk mencegah berbagai penyakit dari gas polutan berasal dari bahan tak terbaharukan dan juga mudah jenuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat filter masker yang karbon aktif nya berasal dari cangkang sawit dan diimpregnasi dengan TiO2 agar tidak cepat jenuh. Uji adsorbsi fotokatalitik gas CO dari knalpot motor dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja masker dengan berbagai variasi kondisi dan komposisi TiO2. Karakterisasi BET dan FESEM-EDX dilakukan juga untuk mengetahui sifat dari komposit dan masker. Hasil luas permukaan dari karbon aktif yang dibuat yaitu 214.451 m2/g.Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada masker dengan komposisi 5g KA-5% TiO2 yang mana dapat mengeliminasi asap CO dari knalpot motor sebesar 33.87%. Filter masker bekerja lebih baik jika terkena sinar UV. Semakin banyak komposit pada masker, semakin baik mengeliminasi gas CO. Uji kelayakan dengan gas CO 12 ppm membuktikan bahwa masker layak diaplikasikan.

---

Activated Carbon for Mask that used to protect from various diseases from air pollution is from non-renewable materials and easy to saturated. This research is done to make Activated carbon of mask filter that derived from palm shell and impregnated with TiO2 to prevent rapid saturation. Adsorption photocatalytic test were done with various condition and TiO2 composition. BET and FESEM-EDX characterization were also done to determine the properties of composite and mask. The Surface area of activated carbon that have made is 214.451 m2/g.

The best result is obtained in a mask with the composition 5g KA-5% TiO2 that can eliminate 33.87% of CO gas from Motorcycle Exhaust gas. The feasibility test with 12 ppm of CO gas show that mask filter is feasible to be applied. Mask filter work better if exposed to the UV light. The more composite on filter mask, the better of mask to eliminate CO gas."