Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"A transcendent journey about growth and healing, ancestry and honoring one's roots and expatriation, and rising up to find a home within yourself."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pola pewarisan warna bunga Zinnia elegans pada kelompok white dan red purple. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui warna bunga Z. elegans yang muncul dari parental berwarna putih (white group) dan pink keunguan (red purple group), sekaligus mengetahui pola pewarisan warna bunga Z. elegans yang tumbuh di alam. Penelitian dilakukan selama ±6 bulan dari bulan Januari sampai Juni 2020 menggunakan lima bunga, terdiri atas 2 set dari kelompok white (F0) dan 2set dari kelompok red purple (F0), dan 1 set dari kelompok red purple (F1) yang dijadikan sebagai parental. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat warna bunga dari masing-masing parental diturunkan pada keturunannya. Warna baru dihasilkan dari set 1 kelompok white red purple. Warna bunga pada Zinnia elegans dapat dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok red, red purple, orange, yellow, dan white. Berdasarkan daftar warna (colour chart), masing-masing kelompok warna bunga memiliki intensitas warna yang beragam. Warna bunga yang dihasilkan dari kelompok pink keunguan lebih beragam daripada kelompok putih. Berdasarkan perhitungan chi-square, sebagian besar pola pewarisan Z. elegans yang dibiarkan tumbuh di alam mengikuti pola pewarisan dengan Z. elegans yang disilangkan oleh manusia, dan memiliki pola pewarisan yang berbeda dengan Z. elegans yang telah dimutasi.

---

Research on the inheritance pattern of Zinnia elegans from white and red-purple groups has been carried out. This research studies the color of Z. elegans flowers produced from white and red-purple flowers, while knowing the inheritance pattern of Z. elegans flowers in nature. This research was conducted for about six months from January to June 2020 and used four flowers, consisting of 2 sets of white groups (F0), two sets of red-purple groups (F0), and one set of red-purple groups (F1) to be used as parental. The results show the color nature of each parent produced in their generation. New colors are produced from set 1 of the white and red-purple group. The color of flowers in Z. elegans can be grouped into red, red-purple, orange, yellow, and white. Based on the color chart, each flower color group has a variety of color intensities. The color of the flowers produced from the red-purple group is more diverse than the white group. Based on the Chi-square calculation, most of the inheritance patterns of Z. elegans that are allowed to grow in nature follow the pattern resulting from crossing by humans and have different inheritance patterns from Z. elegansobtained from mutation."

"Pada penelitian sebelumnya, diperoleh 18 strain Candida spp. dari Apis cerana dan bunga-bunga yang dikunjunginya di Ciburial, Jawa Barat. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan data sequence daerah ITS rDNA menggunakan primer reverse ITS4, menunjukkan bahwa 18 strain tersebut memiliki homologi rendah (85--98%) terhadap spesies terdekatnya Candida spp. Dengan demikian belum diperoleh identitas yang akurat dari 18 strain Candida spp. tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh identitas yang akurat dari 18 strain tersebut melalui identifikasi molekuler, analisis filogenetik, dan pengamatan karakter fenotipik (morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia). Identifikasi dilakukan melalui sequencing pada daerah ITS rDNA dan D1/D2 LSU rDNA. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan berdasarkan data sequence daerah ITS rDNA dan D1/D2 LSU rDNA, menggunakan metode neighbor-joining. Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi molekuler, analisis filogenetik, dan pengamatan karakter fenotipik, 10 strain diidentifikasi ke dalam 5 spesies, yaitu C. parapsilosis (Candida sp. CR033, CR034, dan CR038), C. orthopsilosis (Candida sp. CR015 dan CR151), C. metapsilosis (Candida sp. CR047 dan CR053), Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida sp. CR065), dan Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida sp. CR070 dan CR105). Sebanyak 8 strain (Candida sp. CR004, CR007, CR013, CR014, CR018, CR023, CR027, dan CR035) belum dapat ditentukan nama penunjuk (epithet) spesiesnya. Berdasarkan sequence ITS rDNA 8 strain tersebut memiliki homologi yang rendah (97%) terhadap kerabat terdekatnya C. hawaiiana. Pohon filogenetik berdasarkan sequence ITS rDNA menunjukkan 8 strain tersebut berada pada clade yang terpisah dengan C. hawaiiana dengan dukungan nilai bootstrap yang sangat tinggi, 99%. Delapan strain Candida tersebut termasuk dalam satu spesies yang memiliki perbedaan sequence ≤1% antara satu strain Candida dengan strain Candida lainnya atau disebut conspecific. Karakter fisiologi dan biokimia menunjukkan 8 strain tersebut memiliki perbedaan dengan C. hawaiiana CBS 9146T pada kemampuannya mengasimilasi sumber karbon α- methyl -D-glucoside, dan ketidakmampuannya mengasimilasi ribosa. Hasil identifikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 8 strain Candida tersebut merupakan spesies yang berbeda dengan C. hawaiiana.

---

In the previous study, 18 strains of Candida spp. were obtained from Apis cerana and their visiting flowers in Ciburial, West Java. Based on sequence data of ITS rDNA using ITS4 reverse primer, these strains showed low homology (85--98%) to their closest relatives Candida spp. Therefore, the identity of these 18 strains were not established yet.

The purpose of this study was to establish the identities of the 18 strains of Candida spp. by conducting molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterization (morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters). Identification and phylogenetic analysis was carried out by sequencing the ITS rDNA and D1/D2 of LSU rDNA. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using neighbor-joining method.

Based on molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis, and phenotypic characterization, 10 strains were identified into 5 species. Those 10 strains were identified as C. parapsilosis (Candida sp. CR033, CR034, and CR038), C. orthopsilosis (Candida sp. CR015 and CR151), C. metapsilosis (Candida sp. CR047 and CR053), Debaryomyces hansenii (Candida sp. CR065), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (Candida sp. CR070 and CR105). The identities of eight strains (Candida sp. CR004, CR007, CR013, CR014, CR018, CR023, CR027, and CR035) were not established yet. Based on sequence data of ITS rDNA they have low degree of homology (97%) to their closest related species, C. hawaiiana.

Phylogenetic tree based on sequence data of ITS rDNA showed they were separated from C. hawaiiana by 99% bootstrap value. Multiple alignment of their sequences of ITS and D1/D2 showed that they have ≤1% differences, which indicate that these strains are conspecific (same species). Their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics showed that these strains differed from C. hawaiiana CBS 9146T by their ability to assimilate α-methyl-D-glucoside and their inability to assimilate ribose as carbon sources. Our data suggest that these strains were distinct species from C. hawaiiana."

"Peningkatan kebutuhan akan kosmetik saat ini berdampak terhadap meningkatnya tuntutan ketersediaan bahan baku kosmetik. Tanaman Soka Jawa (Ixora javanica) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang telah diteliti baik kandungan senyawa dan aktivitasnya, terutama bagian bunganya dan dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat bahan baku alami sediaan kosmetik. Disertasi ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode ekstraksi yang ramah lingkungan terhadap bunga Soka Jawa dalam rangka memperoleh sediaan kosmetik skin-lightening dan antioksidan yang berkualitas, aman dan efektif. Metode ekstraksi yang dikembangkan menerapkan prinsip green extraction menggunakan Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) sebagai alternatif pelarut dan metode Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE). Penelitian disertasi ini dilakukan secara eksperimental yang secara garis besar terbagi menjadi empat tahap penelitian yaitu tahapan skrining DES, optimalisasi kondisi ekstraksi, formulasi dan selanjutnya tahap evaluasi sediaan. Pada tahapan skrining DES, kombinasi kolin klorida dan propilen glikol (perbandingan molar 1:1) memberikan hasil perolehan senyawa serta aktivitas yang relatif paling tinggi dibanding pelarut yang lain sehingga dipilih untuk pelarut pengekstraksi bunga Soka Jawa. Hasil optimalisasi dengan bantuan statistik Response surface methodology (RSM) menunjukkan bahwa waktu ekstraksi 40 menit, penambahan air 25%, dan solid-to-liquid ratio 1:27 g/mL merupakan kondisi optimal untuk ekstraksi bunga Soka Jawa menggunakan DES terpilih dengan metode UAE. Ekstraksi pada kondisi optimal tersebut juga terbukti lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan pelarut etanol. Ekstrak DES bunga Soka Jawa yang diperoleh langsung diformulasi menjadi sediaan krim tanpa melalui proses pemekatan ekstrak. Hasil evaluasi terhadap sediaan krim menunjukkan bahwa sediaan krim yang diperoleh memenuhi spesifikasi sediaan dan terbukti stabil secara fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian secara menyeluruh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penelitian disertasi ini tidak hanya berhasil mengembangkan green extraction untuk ekstraksi bunga Soka Jawa namun juga memperoleh suatu ekstrak DES bunga Soka Jawa yang optimal sebagai bahan utama sediaan krim skin-lightening dan antioksidan yang berkualitas serta efektif dan aman secara in silico.

---

The increasing demand for cosmetics has resulted in increasing of the need for cosmetic raw materials. Soka Jawa (Ixora javanica) is one of the plants that has been studied for its phytochemical and bioactivity, especially its flower and can be used as a candidate for natural raw materials for cosmetic preparations. The aim of this study is to develop an environmentally friendly extraction method for Soka Jawa flower in order to obtain quality, safe and effective skin-lightening and antioxidant cosmetic preparations. The developed extraction method applied the green extraction principle of using Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) as an alternative solvent and Ultrasound-assisted Extraction (UAE) method. The main stages of this experimental study were DES screening, extraction methods optimization, cream preparation and its evaluation. The combination of choline chloride and propylene glycol (molar ratio of 1:1) showed the highest compound yield and activity compared to other solvents, therefore it was chosen as extraction solvent for Ixora flowers. The extraction method optimization using the Response Surface Method (RSM) showed that the extraction time of 40 minutes, the addition of 25% water, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:27 g/mL were the optimal conditions for the extraction of Soka Jawa flowers using selected DES with the UAE method. The extract obtained under optimum extraction conditions showed higher extraction yields and activity than ethanolic extract which was used for comparison. The Ixora flower extract obtained was directly formulated into a cream preparation without going through the extract evaporation. The results of the evaluation of all parameters showed that the cream met the specifications and also proved to be physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable. In brief, it can be concluded that this study is not only succeeded in developing a green extraction method for Ixora flowers but also obtained an optimal DES extract of Ixora flowers as the main raw material for high quality skin-lightening and antioxidants cream preparations, and also predicted safe and effective in silico."