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"Stres dan burnout yang dapat berujung pada depresi banyak terjadi padamahasiswa kedokteran karena tuntutan lingkungan akademik dan non-akademik. Meskipun idealnya kejadian depresi akan berkurang saat mahasiswa mendekati akhir tahun praklinis karena mekanisme koping yang lebih baik, prevalensi gejala depresi akan meningkat saat mereka berada di rotasi klinik. Stres yang menumpuk dan tidak teratasi dari tahun praklinis dapat bertahan sampai memasuki rotasi klinik, dan nantinya akan mempengaruhi kinerja mereka terhadap pasien mereka kelak. Psikoedukasi diperlukan untuk mempersiapkan mahasiswa kedokteran untuk mengatasi dan membantu mengatasistres mereka yang tersisa dan yang akan datang dalam rotasi kepaniteraan mereka. Metode: Studi potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dan kemanjuran webinar promosi kesehatan mental dalam mengurangi gejala depresi yang ditemukan pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun ketiga di Universitas Indonesia dengan menganalisis data sekunder skor PHQ-9 peserta, baik dari mereka yang datang ke webinar, maupun yang tidak sebagai pembanding. Skor PHQ-9 diisi oleh peserta sebelum dan sesudah sesiwebinar yang hanya diadakan sekali sebagai pre-test dan post-test. Hasil: Pada data penialian dasar yang diambil dari skor pretes PHQ-9, kelompok yang mengikuti dan tidakmengikuti webinar tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan skor (p=0,512). Pada hasil postes, kedua kelompok masih menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan (p=0,435) dan perbaikan skor dari pre-test ke post-test juga tidak terlalu ditemukan (kelompok peserta webinar p=0,606; kelompok pembanding p=0,063). Kesimpulan: Webinar promosi kesehatan jiwa jika hanya diberikan satu kali tidak efektif dan berdampak dalam mengurangi gejala depresi pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun ketiga.

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Background: Stress and burnout, which can lead to depression, is prevalent amongst medical students due to demanding academic and non-academic environment. Althoughideally the occurrence of depression will decrease as the students approach late preclinicalyear due to better coping mechanism, the prevalence of burning out and depressive symptoms will increase as they reach clerkship rotations. Piling up and unresolved stressfrom preclinical year can remain until entering clerkship rotations, and later will affect their performance towards their future patients. Psychoeducation is needed to prepare themedical students to cope and help solve their remaining stress and upcoming stress in their clerkship rotations.

Methods: This cross-sectional study wants to find out the impactand efficacy of mental health promotion webinar in reducing depressive symptoms foundin third-year medical students of Universitas Indonesia by analysing secondary data of PHQ-9 score of the participants both from those who came to the webinar and those whodid not as the comparison. PHQ-9 score was filled by the participants before and after a one-time webinar session as pre-test and post-test.

Results: At the baseline data, taken from PHQ-9 pre-test score, groups that attended webinar and did not shows no score discrepancy (p=0.512). Derived from post-test result, both groups still indicates no difference (p=0.435) and the score improvements from pre-test to post-test also not remarkably found (webinar attendee group p=0.606; comparison group p=0.063).

Conclusion: Mental health promotion webinar if only given once is not effective and impactful in reducing depressive symptoms in third-year medical students."

"Layanan psikologis daring semakin berkembang dalam membantu remaja mencari bantuan profesional. Depresi yang dialami remaja merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi remaja menggunakan layanan psikologis daring. Literasi kesehatan mental merupakan faktor yang perlu diteliti lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui perannya dalam memfasilitasi remaja dalam mencari bantuan psikologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran literasi kesehatan mental sebagai moderator antara gejala depresi dan intensi mencari bantuan psikologis pada remaja. Partisipan penelitian ini berusia 13-18 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria gejala depresi sesuai dengan alat ukur DASS-21. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga instrumen yaitu DASS-21 milik Lovibond & Lovibond (1995) untuk mengenali tingkat depresi remaja, yang itemnya telah diadaptasi oleh Novera, Wetasin, & Khamwong (2013), Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) milk O’Connor (2015) untuk mengukur literasi kesehatan mental yang itemnya telah diadaptasi oleh Pebruarini (2022), serta GHSQ milik Rickwood (2005) untuk mengukur intensi mencari bantuan psikologis yang dimodifikasi dalam konteks daring oleh Naila & Pebruarini (2022). Analisis moderasi dilakukan melalui program PROCESS dari Hayes v4.2 pada SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa literasi kesehatan mental memoderasi gejala depresi dengan intensi mencari bantuan psikologis daring. Dalam hal ini literasi kesehatan mental yang tinggi akan memperkuat remaja yang memiliki tingkat depresi yang tinggi dalam mencari bantuan psikologis daring.

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Psychological Online Help Seeking is growing to help teenagers seek professional help. Depression can influence adolescents to use online psychological services. Mental health literacy needs further investigation to determine its role in facilitating adolescents seeking psychological assistance. This study aims to examine the role of mental health literacy as a moderator between depressive symptoms and the intention to seek psychological help in adolescents. The participants in this study were aged 13-18 years and met the criteria for depressive symptoms according to the DASS-21 measurement tool. Data collection used three instruments, namely DASS-21 from Lovibond & Lovibond's (1995) to identify the level of adolescent depression, whose items have been adapted by Novera, Wetasin, & Khamwong (2013), O'Connor's Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) (2015) to measure mental health literacy whose items have been adapted by Pebruarini (2022), as well as Rickwood's online GHSQ (2005) to measure the intention to seek psychological assistance modified in an online context by Naila & Pebruarini (2022). Moderation analysis was carried out through the PROCESS program from Hayes v4.2 on SPSS. The results showed that mental health literacy moderated depressive symptoms with the intention to seek psychological help online. In this case, high mental health literacy will s"

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ABSTRACTThis article will explain about how mental illness is being represented in Its Kind of a Funny Story, a young adult novel about depression. Through textual analysis, it is found that the novel treats depression as a serious medical illness and, by using Marcias identity statuses model, proposed an idea that depression may be caused by an undergoing adolescent identity formation. However, there are two limitations in this research: depression in non-white and/or underprivileged, as well as female characters, are not discussed. These limitations may serve as a research gap for future research."

"Depresi merupakan penyakit yang terbanyak didapati baik pada praktik spesialis maupun umum. Gangguan psikiatrik ini dapat bersifat ringan atau penyakit yang berat. Gangguan penyakit yang berat dapat fatal, karena biasanya penderita mencoba untuk bunuh diri (suicidium). Diagnosis penyakit tidak mudah. Gangguan yang ringan, sering bermanifestasi sebagai penyakit fisik, dan gangguan emosional tersamar oleh keluhan somatiknya. Pada masa akut sering gangguan yang berat menyerupai gangguan lain seperti skizofrenia. Banyak sarjana di bidang psikiatri mencari markah biologik sebagai alat untuk membantu diagnosis depresi. Salah satu markah biologik adalah gambaran poligrafik tidur. Hasil yang positif dari laboratorium tidur sulit dipakai di klinik, karena mahal dan sangat memakan waktu, baik penilaian maupun interpretasi. Kelompok Studi Psikiatri Biologik Jakarta (KSPBJ) telah melakukan modifikasi dari teknik standar dengan teknik yang dinamakan Teknik KSPBJ. Pada teknik ini hanya merekam satu menit dari lima menit selama perekaman yang berlangsung tujuh jam. Dari penelitian kami dengan sukarelawan normal dan pasien depresi didapatkan bahwa Teknik KSPBJ mempunyai agreement yang tinggi dengan teknik standar. Lebih lanjut didapatkan bahwa dengan teknik itu, seperti juga pada teknik standar didapatkan markah biologik untuk depresi. Penderita depresi mempunyai latensi REM yang rendah, yang berbeda dengan normal (P<0,001). Selaln itu ternyata pula pada penderita depresi terjadi shifting p-REM ke 1/3 awal malam dan pada perbaikan depresi terjadi shifting ke 1/3 akhir malam. Penelltian ini konsisten dengan hipotesis adanya ketidak-seimbangan sistem kolinergik - noradrenergik pada mekanisme latency REM, dan ketidak-seimbangan noradrenergik-serotonergik pada phasic REM.

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Sleep In Depressed Patient (A Study On Sleep, REM, and Phasic REM In Depressed Patients)Up to 10 % of all patients seeing a doctor are depressed. This conclusion emerged from an enquiry conducted in 1973 by over 10.000 physicians practicing in Austria, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy and Switzerland. Approximately 15% of the severely depressed commit suicide, whereas the moderate and mild forms usually cause reduction in the quality of life of these patients. The diagnosis of depression is not easy. Depressive states often escape diagnosis because these patients are so overwhelmed by the impact of their physical symptoms, particularly since they can more easily accept the idea that their illness is of physical, as opposed to mental origin. By referring only to their physical complaints, and deliberately failing to disclose their slate of mind, they lead the unwary physician up the wrong diagnostic path. In most mental hospitals, or departments of psychiatry, the diagnosis of depression is also not easily made. In the acute and severe forms these condition sometimes are wrongly diagnosed as schizophrenia. Numerous scientists are presently searching for a biological marker of depression. The Ideal biological marker must be sensitive, specific, easy to identify and relatively Inexpensive In its operation. Research over the past two decades has led to the development of a standardized sleep EEG methodology, which has been proven useful for the identification of characteristic sleep abnormalities of depressed patients. Application of REM abnormalities as a biological marker has produced an accurate, reliable and objective laboratory method for a diagnostic aid in the identification of depression. Even though this is proven to be a useful tool, in clinical practice it is not presently practical as a routine screening test in depressed patients. One of the drawbacks of these methods is the limited number of and the access to standard sleep laboratories. Expenses of EEG sleep studies run high, approximately US$ 500.00 per night. The other factor is that it is time consuming to evaluate 1200 pages of EEG sleep records. In 1980 KSPBJ (Study Group for Biological Psychiatry) developed a modification of the Rechtschaffen and Dales method. The KSPBJ technique records only one minute in every five minutes. That is one minute on and four minutes off for a period of seven hours. In this dissertation a comparison was made between the KSPRJ technique and the standard technique. With 18 normal volunteers, 14 new cases of depression, and 13 medicated depressed patients, the conclusion can be made that the KSPBJ technique has a statistically high agreement with the standard technique. (Po m 0.78 - 0.82, Kappa - 0.71 - 0.75). Another result of these studies with 91 depressed patients and 50 normal volunteers is finding that depressed patients have shortened REM Latency (<60 minutes). This shortened REM Latency could be used in predicting the diagnosis of depression with a quite high level of sensitivity (73-76%), and specificity (over 90%). Yet another conclusion with this KSPBJ technique is that in depressed patients, there seem to be a shifting to the left of phasic REM (to one third of initial night), and on recovery a shifting to the right (to one third of terminal night). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis, of choilnergic - noradrenergic balance mechanism in the forming of latency REM, and the balance of noradrenergic - serotonergic mechanism in the forming of phasic REM. When comparing this technique with the standard technique, there is an 80% reduction of the cost of sleep EEG recording, and an 80% saving in time for evaluation. In conclusion, the KSPBJ technique can be considered as a biological marker for depression which is reasonably sensitive and specific, easy to identify, and in addition relatively inexpensive."