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"Kebahagiaan atau subjective well-being umumnya dikaitkan dengan emosi positif dan pandangan diri positif dalam kultur individualistik. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Amerika Serikat, tingkat kebahagiaan berdampak pada pengorganisasian konsep emosional positif dan negatif hanya dalam tugas penilaian kondisi diri. Namun, efek kebahagiaan tidak ditemukan pada tugas menilai kondisi sahabat. Sejauh mana temuan ini akan ditemukan dalam masyarakat kolektivistik masih menjadi pertanyaan. Untuk itu, penelitian ini menguji perbedaan pengorganisasian konsep emosional terkait diri dan non-diri di antara orang Indonesia dengan tingkat kebahagiaan dan pandangan diri kultural yang berbeda. Dua studi affective priming (N = 134) dalam bentuk sequential judgment task (SJT) dilakukan untuk mengukur waktu reaksi ketika peserta menilai kondisi psikologis mereka sendiri (Studi 1) atau kondisi psikologis sahabat (Studi 2) selama dua tahun terakhir. Studi 1 menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebahagiaan dan pandangan diri kultural secara signifikan mempengaruhi organisasi konsep emosional. Namun, kedua aspek diri ini tidak secara bersamaan memengaruhi pengorganisasian konsep emosional. Studi 2 menunjukkan bahwa baik tingkat kebahagiaan atau pandangan diri kultural tidak memengaruhi pengorganisasian konsep emosional tentang sahabat. Temuan ini menunjukkan universalitas diri-individual (the individual-self), yang unik dan dibentuk oleh self-knowledge, terlepas dari pandangan diri kultural individu. Implikasi teoretis dari temuan penelitian ini akan dibahas dengan menyoroti peran organisasi konsep emosional sebagai strategi adaptif dan perbedaan makna kebahagiaan dan pengalaman emosional negatif dalam masyarakat individualistik dan kolektivistik.

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Happiness or subjective well-being is generally associated with positive emotions and a positive self-view in individualistic cultures. A previous study conducted in the United States showed that the effects of happiness on the organization of positive and negative emotional concepts were found only when participants assessed their own conditions. However, the effect of happiness was not found when participants assessed the condition of friends. To what extent these findings would be found in collectivistic societies remains a question. Thus, this thesis examined differences in organization of the representations of self-related and non-self-related emotional concepts among Indonesians with different levels of happiness and cultural self-views.

Two affective priming studies (N = 134) in the form of sequential judgment task (SJT) were conducted to measure reaction times when participants assessed their own psychological condition (Study 1) or the psychological condition of best friends (Study 2) over the past two years.

Study 1 showed that happiness levels and cultural self-views significantly affect the organization of emotional concepts. However, these two aspects of self did not simultaneously affect the organization of emotional concepts.

Study 2 showed that neither happiness level or cultural self-views influence the organization of emotional concepts regarding best friends.

The findings suggest the universality of the individual-self, which is unique and shaped by self-knowledge, regardless of the individual's cultural self-view. The theoretical implications of the findings of this study will be discussed by highlighting the role of emotional concept organization as an adaptive strategy and the differences of the meanings of happiness and negative experiences in individualistic and collectivistic societies."

"This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to emotion, with contributions from biologists, psychologists, neuroscientists, robot engineers, and artists. A wide range of emotional phenomena is discussed, including the notion that humans’ sophisticated sensibility, as evidenced by our aesthetic appreciation of the arts, is based at least in part on a basic emotional sensibility that is found in young children and perhaps even some non-human animal species. As a result, this book comprises a unique comparative perspective on the study of emotion. A number of chapters consider emotions in a variety of animal groups, including fish, birds, and mammals. Other chapters expand the scope of the book to humans and robots. Specific topics covered in these chapters run the gamut from lower-level emotional activity, such as emotional expression, to higher-level emotional activity, such as altruism, love, and aesthetics. Taken as a whole, the book presents manifold perspectives on emotion and provides a solid foundation for future multidisciplinary research on the nature of emotions."

"Considering that customers? emotions toward received services are evaluated in light of fairness and equity theory, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of customers? perceptions and emotions of received services on their behavioral intentions. Data were collected from 329 questioners that were distributed among Mellat bank customers, and hypotheses and the conceptual model were analyzed based on the data collected through structural equation modeling in AMOS 18.Results showed that three dimensions of interactional, procedural, and distributive justice affected customers emotions (negative and positive) and satisfaction. Customers emotions were also found to be having a mediating role in the relationship between perceptions of fairness (except procedural fairness) and customer satisfaction. The other results are the effect of customer satisfaction on behavioral intentions (repeat purchases and Word-of-mouth advertising). Finally, the study suggests some practical solutions and future research topics."

"Wayfinding merupakan kegiatan yang akrab dengan kehidupan sehari-hari manusia. Manusia melakukan wayfinding dalam rangka mencari jalan untuk bernavigasi ke tempat tujuan. Wayfinding bukanlah suatu hal yang sulit bagi orang-orang yang familiar dengan suatu lingkungan navigasi. Di sisi lain, wayfinding bisa menjadi suatu hal yang menantang bagi orang-orang yang tidak familiar dengan suatu lingkungan navigasi. Ketika bernavigasi di lingkungan yang tidak familiar, orang-orang akan lebih mudah tersasar sehingga umumnya akan cenderung merasa khawatir dan berbagai emosi negatif lainnya. Hal ini salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh kondisi dan situasi lingkungan navigasi yang mengakomodasi wayfinding. Skripsi ini ditulis untuk menyelidiki hubungan yang terjadi antara emosi manusia dan lingkungan navigasi dalam wayfinding. Hal tersebut diungkap melalui wawancara kepada beberapa mahasiswa yang pernah atau sedang menetap di luar negeri untuk belajar dan setelahnya dilanjutkan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden secara lebih umum. Berdasarkan hasil studi kasus, secara garis besar diketahui bahwa lingkungan navigasi menyediakan konteks bagi kegiatan wayfinding. Konteks ini terdiri dari faktor-faktor lingkungan yang menstimulasi dan memicu emosi manusia. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa emosi manusia bersifat kontekstual dan situasional terhadap lingkungan navigasi dalam wayfinding

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Wayfinding is an activity that is familiar with human daily life. Humans do wayfinding in order to find a way to navigate to their destination. Wayfinding is not a difficult thing for people who are familiar with a navigation environment. On the other hand, wayfinding can be challenging for people who are not familiar with a navigation environment. When navigating in an unfamiliar environment, people might get lost more easily and will generally tend to feel worried and various other negative emotions. This is influenced by condition and situation of the navigation environment that accommodates wayfinding. This thesis was written to investigate the relationship between human emotions and the navigation environment within wayfinding. This was revealed through interviews with several students who had or are currently living abroad to study and after that it was continued by distributing questionnaires to more general respondents. Based on the results of the case studies, it is generally known that the navigation environment provides a context for wayfinding activities. This context consists of environmental factors that stimulate and trigger human emotions. Therefore, it can be concluded that human emotions are contextual and situational towards the navigation environment within wayfinding."