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"Studi ini membahas tentang implementasi pemberdayaan kelompok usaha perempuan melalui Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) PT Semen Tonasa di wilayah pesisir Desa Bulu Cindea Kabupaten Pangkep. Tujuan penelitian ini yakni mendiskripsikan proses impelementasi program Tonasa Mandiri beserta dengan hambatan-hambatan impelementasi yang terjadi dalam proses pelatihan maupun dalam proses pengadaan kelompok usaha perempuan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Terdapat 8 (delapan) orang informan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa terdapat 6 (enam) tahapan dalam proses impelementasi program Tonasa Mandiri yang terdiri dari; tahap persiapan, tahap pengkajian, tahap perencanaan, tahap formulasi, tahap pelaksanaan dan tahap evaluasi program. Adapun hambatan yang terjadi antara lain; kendala pelaku perubahan, kendala internal, dan kendala ekseternal.

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This study discusses the implementation of empowerment of women's business groups through PT Semen Tonasa's Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the coastal area of Bulu Cindea Village, Pangkep Regency. The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation process of the Tonasa Mandiri program along with the implementation obstacles that occur in the training process and in the process of procuring women's business groups. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. There were 8 (eight) informants who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The results showed that there were 6 (six) stages in the implementation process of the Tonasa Mandiri program consisting of; the preparation stage, the assessment stage, the planning stage, the formulation stage, the implementation stage and the program evaluation stage. The obstacles that occur include; constraints of change actors, internal constraints, and external constraints."

"Wilayah pesisir merupakan salah satu bagian dari sumberdaya alam yang paling mudah terkena dampak kegiatan manusia. Kegiatan pembangunan di wilayah tersebut secara langsung maupun tidak langsung memberikan dampak merugikan. Ekosistem mangrove yang termasuk dalam wilayah pesisir dan pertambangan emas yang menggunakan merkuri sebagai salah satu aktivitas pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup manusia adalah komponen lingkungan yang menjadi topik utama penelitan ini.Pertambangan emas di Sulawesi Utara beberapa tahun terakhir ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat. Salah satu daerah yang menjadi pusat kegiatan penambangan tersebut adalah Kecamatan Ratatotok, di mana terdapat penambang emas berskala besar dan kecil, yaitu PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya dan penambang tradisional tanpa izin. Penambangan emas yang dilakukan oleh penduduk setempat masih menggunakan cara tradisional. Merkuri digunakan pada proses ekstraksi emas dan sisa pengolahan yang tidak terpakai lagi langsung dibuang ke Sungai Totok yang bermuara di Teluk Totok. Ekosistem pesisir, khususnya ekosistem mangrove dan pertambangan emas berskala kecil merupakan dua hal penting bagi penduduk yang berada di Kecamatan Ratatotok. Oleh karena itu, perlu diperhatikan keseimbangan keduanya agar tidak merugikan penduduk setempat, salah satunya mengembangkan penelitian yang menunjang, mengenai kemampuan absorpsi atau penyerapan logam berat khususnya merkuri pada ekosistem mangrove. Adapun lokasi yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini adalah ekosistem mangrove di Desa Ratatotok Timur, Kecamatan Ratatotok, Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah peran ekosistem mangrove dalam mengabsorpsi logam berat merkuri yang akan memasuki perairan laut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) Menganalisis konsentrasi merkuri pada air, sedimen, tumbuhan (akar dan daun) dan biota yang berada di ekosistem mangrove; 2) Mengetahui peran ekosistem mangrove dalam menyerap merkuri, terutama dalam hubungannya dengan sungai dan laut (khususnya pada air dan sedimen di ketiga lokasi). Bagian dari tumbuhan yang dijadikan sampel pada ekosistem mangrove adalah akar dan daun dari Rhizophora sp. dan Avicennia sp., dan biota (bivalvia: Polymesoda coaxans dan gastropoda: Telescopium mauritsi, T. telescoplum, Terebralia palustris) yang berasosiasi dan berada di sekitar tumbuhan tersebut. Data primer didapat dari analisis kandungan merkuri Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA) tanpa nyala, sedangkan data yang dihasilkan dari analisis laboratorium akan dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan Uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Man-Whitney Test.Pada ekosistem mangrove di Desa Ratatotok Timur, konsentrasi merkuri berturut-turut yang paling tinggi hingga yang paling rendah adalah biota, daun, sedimen, akar, air. Adapun kisaran konsentrasinya adalah sebagai berikut: biota (0,149-1,913 mg/kg), daun (0,086-0,121 mg/kg), sedimen (0,014-1,699 mg/kg) dan akar (0,008-0,018 mg/kg). Sedangkan dalam hubungannya dengan sungai dan laut (Sungai Totok dan Teluk Totok), ekosistem mangrove di Desa Ratatotok Timur tidak berperan dalam menyerap merkuri (khususnya pada air dan sedimen di ketiga lokasi). Konsentrasi merkuri pada sedimen berturut-turut dari yang tertinggi hingga terendah adalah di laut/Teluk Totok (1,147-19,549 mg/kg); di Sungai Totok (0,119-9,249 mg/kg); dan di ekosistem mangrove ((0,014-1,699 mg/kg). Sedangkan air, yang tertinggi ekosistem mangrove (1 μg/L), Sungai Totok (kurang dari 1-1 μg/L) dan Laut/Teluk Totok kurang dari 1 μg/L.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa biota merupakan komponen pada ekosistem mangrove yang menyerap atau mengabsorpsi merkuri paling banyak, diikuti oleh daun, sedimen, akar dan air. Merkuri yang terdapat pada ekosistem mangrove masuk melalui pasang surut air laut serta melalui deposisi dari atmosfer. Maka, ekosistem mangrove di Desa Ratatotok Timur tidak berperan dalam menyerap atau mengabsorpsi merkuri, karena masukan merkuri yang berasal dari sungai tidak secara langsung masuk ke dalam ekosistem mangrove melainkan terus ke laut.Berdasarkan kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, maka dapat diberikan beberapa saran untuk dijadikan pertimbangan yaitu: perlunya penelitian lanjutan untuk melihat dampak merkuri dalam jaringan, baik pada tumbuhan mangrove maupun pada biota lain. Selain itu, bagi masyarakat yang berada di lokasi penelitian agar mendapatkan informasi yang cukup mengenai merkuri dan bahayanya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.

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Coastal regions are among the natural resources most vulnerable to the effect of human activities. Development activities in a coastal region will directly or indirectly affect the environment in a harmful way. The mangrove ecosystem of the coastal area and gold mining utilizing mercury - a means of livelihood for the population - are the environmental components focused in this research.

Gold mining in North Sulawesi has developed rapidly in the past few years. Ne of the areas that became the centre for the mining activities is located in Ratatotok Sub regency, where PT. Newmont Minahasa Raya and illegal traditional miners conduct large and small-scale mining operations. Mining by the local population is still performed through traditional means. Mercury is used at the extraction process and the unneeded waste directly disposed into the Totok River, which flows to the Totok Bay. The coastal ecosystem, in particular the mangrove ecosystem and small-scale gold mining are two essential factors for the Ratatotok population. Consequently, consideration must be given o the proper balance between these two factors to prevent damage to the local population, one of which is by conducting a research to determine the ability of the mangrove ecosystem to absorb heavy metals, in particular mercury. The location chosen for this research is the mangrove ecosystem at the East Ratatotok village, Ratatotok Subregency, South Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi.

The main problem addressed in this research I the functional extent the mangrove in absorbing mercury heavy metals flowing to the sea. This research aims to: 1) Analyze the concentration of mercury in the water, sediments, plants (roots and leaves) and biota found in the mangrove ecosystem; 2) To determine the function of the mercury in the function of the mangrove ecosystem in absorbing mercury, mainly relating to the river and sea (in particular in the water and sediment at the three locations). Parts of the plants taken as sample from the mangrove ecosystem are the roots and leaves of Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina, while biota associated and found around the surrounding plants are bivalvia: Polymesoda coaxans and gastropoda: Telescopium mauritsi, T. telescopium, Terebralia pallustris. Primary data are obtained from the mercury concentration analysis using nameless Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (SSA), while laboratory analysis values will be statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Man-Whitney Test.

At the East Ratatotok mangrove ecosystem, the highest to the lowest levels of concentration of mercury are respectively biota, leave, sediment, roots, water. The range of concentration is as follows: biota (0,149-1,913 mg/kg), leaves (0,086-0,121 mg/kg), sediment (0,014.1,699 mg/kg) and roots (0,008-0,018 mg/kg). While in connection with mercury concentrations of the river and sea (Totok River and Totok Bay), the mangrove ecosystem in East Ratatotok village in East Ratatotok village has no function in absorbing mercury (specifically in water and sediment at the three locations). Mercury concentrations found in sediment by order of high to low levels: Totok Bay (1,147-19,549 mg/kg), Totok River (0,119-9,249 mg/kg) and mangrove ecosystem ((0,014-1,699 mg/kg). While mercury concentrations in water are: mangrove ecosystem (1 μg/L), Totok River (less than 1-1 μg/L) and Teluk Totok (less than 1 μg/L).

Based on the research result, biota is the component in the mangrove ecosystem with the highest mercury absorption ability, followed by leaves, sediment, roots and water. The mercury found in the mangrove ecosystem entered trough the tidal waters of the sea, and through deposits from the atmosphere. Hence the mangrove ecosystem in East Ratatotok village does not function in the absorption of mercury problem of the area, as the source of mercury from the river does not directly enter the mangrove ecosystem, but flows directly to the sea.

Based on the research findings, several suggestions can be forwarded for consideration, which are: a further research is required to study the effects of mercury in tissues, in the mangrove plants as well as in other biota. In addition, adequate information should be made available to the population living in the research area, so that they obtain knowledge on mercury and its hazards to daily life."

"AbstrakThis paper aims to determine the effectiveness of the Village Fund management in Sibulue District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. With Village Funds, village governments are given sufficient authority and resources to improve the economy and the welfare of rural communities. The results of the study show that the use of village funds is quite good and effective to develop the economic potential of the village. The main problem that arises in the management of village funds is the lack of knowledge of human resources related to village financial planning and management."

"ABSTRAKSeiring berjalannya waktu hutan mangrove dapat megalami perubahan luas yang disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya ahli fungsi lahan menjadi tambak dan permukiman serta perubahan garis pantai juga dapat mengubah luas hutan mangrove. Pamurbaya merupakan kawasan lindung alam berupa vegetasi mangrove yang perlu di perhatikan dan dipertahankan. Penelitan ini mengenai perubahan luas hutan mangrove selama kurun waktu 13 tahun dari tahun 2004 hingga tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada hutan mangrove di Pantai Timur Surabaya Pamurbaya sepanjang tahun 2004 - 2017 dan mengetahui faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan hutan mangrove. Penelitian ini menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 8 OLI dan Landsat 7 ETM. Metode yang digunakan yaitu mengoverlay vegetasi mangrove, tambak, permukiman dan garis pantai disetiap tahun penelitian. Karakteristik mangrove di Pamurbaya memiliki perbedaan warna substrat dan jenis vegetasi disetiap keadaan lingkungan yang berbeda. Tingkat kerapatan sedang mendominas pada tahun 2004-2009 sedangkan tingkat kerapatan sangat rapat mendominasi pada tahun 2017. Selama tahun 2004-2017 terjadi perubahan lahan mangrove menjadi lahan tambak dan lahan tambak berubah menjadi lahan permukiman. Faktor terjadinya perubahan hutan mangrove yaitu perubahan alih fungsi lahan mangrove menjadi tambak. Perubahan lahan tambak menjadi mangrove mengalami puncak perubahan pada tahun 2007-2009 sebesar 200,86 Ha atau 66 , namun pada tahun 2009 ndash; 2017 perubahan tambak menjadi lahan mangrove meningkat seluas 275,71 Ha atau 73.

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ABSTRACTMangrove areas over time can be experienced by extensive changes caused by several factors, such as land use experts into ponds and settlements and coastline changes can also change the area of mangroves. Pamurbaya is a natural protected area of mangrove vegetation that needs to be noticed and maintained. This research is about the change of mangrove area during 13 year period from 2004 until 2017. The purpose of this research is to know the changes that occurred in mangrove area in East Coast Surabaya Pamurbaya during 2004 2017 and to know the factors that caused the change of area mangroves. This study uses Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM satellite images. The method used is covering mangrove vegetation, ponds, settlements and coastline in every year of research. The characteristics of mangroves in Pamurbaya have different substrate colors and vegetation types in different environmental circumstances. The density level was dominating in 2004-2009 while the density level was dominantly dominated by 2017. During 2004-2017 there was a change of mangrove land into pond land and pond area turned into a settlement land. Factor of change of mangrove area that is change of change of function of mangrove land into pond. The change of pond area to mangrove has peak of change in 2007-2009 by 200,86 Ha or 66, but in 2009-2017 the change of pond into mangrove land increased 275,71 Ha or 73."

"The environmental degradation was a major problem for people who living in the coastal area of Paojepe village. Some previous efforts to address this problem were not successful due to top-down approach and lack of community participation. Learning from the experience, a partnership between University of Indonesia, an NGO, and local community was established to address coastal abrasion by replanting mangrove. Local institutions such as kinship relations and patron-client relationship (Punggawa-Sawi) were functioned as capital in implementing the program. Awareness rising on coastal rehabilitation through local institutions can encourage people to undertake mangrove conservation."

"ntroduction. Understanding the coastal environment -- Coastal pressures and critical management issues -- The coastal management framework -- Federal coastal policy -- State coastal management programs -- Regional management of coastal resources -- Local coastal management -- Creative coastal design and development : building sustainably along the coast -- Conclusions : future directions in U.S. coastal management"

"Provides a comprehensive toolkit for both coastal professionals and students of coastal management, drawing on examples of coastal planning and management from around the world"