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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan pengaruh jarak psikologis saat menulis naratif terhadap refleksi diri adaptif. Jika mekanisme menjaraki-diri yang menggunakan perspektif dan kata-ganti personal saat menulis dianggap memfasilitasi refleksi diri adaptif, apakah variasi penggunaan keduanya memiliki pengaruh adaptif yang berbeda-beda? Dilakukan 3 studi. Studi 1.a. (N= 428),dilakukan untuk membuktikan dugaan bahwa penggunaan perspektif (aktor vs pengamat) saat mengingat peristiwa negatif akan berbeda dalam refleksi diri adaptifnya. Didapatkan hasil studi 1.a. hanya dapat membedakan mekanisme menjaraki-diri, tetapi tidak pada reaktivitas emosi, penghindaran, bercerita berulang dan pemaknaan kembali. Sedangkan Studi 1.b.(N=428) berhasil membuktikan penggunaan kata ganti persona pertama berbeda secara signifikan dengan kata ganti nama diri dalam hal menjaraki-diri, reaktivitas emosi, bercerita berulang, pemaknaan kembali kecuali penghindaran, ketika refleksi diri dilakukan dengan cara menulis. Studi 2 (N = 496) dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa terdapat variasi penggunaan perspektif (aktor vs pengamat) dengan kata-ganti personal (pertama vs nama-diri) pada menulis refleksi diri, studi membuktikan bahwa terdapat perbedaan refleksi diri adaptif pada efek utama maupun interaksi pada penggunaan perspektif dan kata ganti personal. Studi 3 (N=92) dilakukan untuk menjawab dugaan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh variasi jarak psikologis terhadap refleksi diri adaptif pada metode menulis ekspresif, menulis dengan menjaraki-diri dengan kelompok kontrol. Ditemukan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh variasi jarak psikologis pada penggunaan kata ganti personal dan perspektif dalam menulis naratif. Diskusi dan pembahasan dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan teori level pemaknaan yang dikaitkan dengan jarak psikologis.

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Self-distancing mechanism is being mentally distant from recalled negative experience. If the self-distancing mechanism using personal pronouns and perspective considered to facilitate adaptive reflection, do the variation of both methods have different adaptive influences? Study 1.a. (N=428), is conducted to prove whether the use of perspectives (actor and observer) when recalling negative memory has different influence in the adaptive self-reflection. Study 1.a. found that the use of perspective only distinguishes mechanism of self-distancing, but does not distinguish emotional reactivity, avoidance, recounting and reconstruing. Study 1.b. (N=428) found that the use of first personal pronouns has differ significantly from the use of third personal pronouns, i.e. name, in the term of self-distancing, emotional reactivity, recounting, reconstruing but not for avoidance when writing self reflection. Study 2 (N= 496) has been conducted to prove that there are variation in the use of perspectives (actor v.s. observer) with the use of personal pronoun (first person v.s one’s name). The study proved that there are difference in adaptive self reflections on the main effect as well as on the interaction effect of the use of perspective and personal pronouns. Study 3 (N=92) has been conducted to answer the question whether there are different influences on the variation of psychological distance toward adaptive self reflection, between expressive writing methods, writing with self-distancing and  control group. Study found that there are different influences of psychological distance on the use of personal pronoun dan perspective in writing narrative. Discussions considered of the construal level theory of psychological distance.

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"Although clinical judgment is often used in assessment and treatment planning, rarely has research examined its reliability, validity, or impact in practice settings. This study tailored the frequency of home visits in a prevention program for aggressive- disruptive children (n = 410; 56% minority) on the basis of 2 kinds of clinical judgment: ratings of parental functioning using a standardized multi-item scale and global assessments of family need for services. Stronger reliability and better concurrent and predictive validity emerged for the 1st kind of clinical judgment than for the 2nd. Exploratory analyses suggested that using ratings of parental functioning to tailor treatment recommendations improved the impact of the intervention by the end of 3rd grade but using more global assessments of family need did not. "

"Using data from the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment for Depression Collaborative Research Program, the authors examined the impact on treatment outcome of the patient's perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship and contribution to the therapeutic alliance. Shared variance with early clinical improvement was removed from these relationship measures. Multilevel modeling demonstrated that a perceived positive therapeutic relationship early in treatment predicted more rapid decline in maladjustment subsequent to the relationship assessment. This effect occurred equally across all 4 treatment conditions. A positive early therapeutic relationship also predicted better adjustment throughout the 18-month follow-up as well as development of greater enhanced adaptive capacities (EAC). Controlling a wide range of patient characteristics did not eliminate the effects of the therapeutic relationship on rate of improvement during treatment and on EAC. Thus, independent of type of treatment and early clinical improvement, the therapeutic relationship contributes directly to positive therapeutic outcome."

"In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of the Youth-Nominated Support Team-Version 1 (YST-1), a psychoeducational social network intervention, with 289 suicidal, psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents (197 girls, 92 boys). Adolescents were randomly assigned to treatment-as-usual plus YST-1 or treatment-as-usual only. Assessments were completed pre- and postintervention (6 months). There were no main effects for YST-1 on suicide ideation or attempts, internalizing symptoms, or related functional impairment. Relative to other girls, however, those who received YST-1 reported greater decreases in self-reported suicidal ideation (actually treated analytic strategy) and significantly greater decreases in mood-related functional impairment reported by their parents (intent to treat and actually treated analytic strategies). This is the first randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the efficacy of a social network intervention with suicidal youths."

"Individu yang pernah mengalami childhood adversity cenderung kehilangan kesempatan dalam mempelajari kemampuan regulasi emosi kognitif yang adaptif dari orang tua di lingkungan keluarga. Situasi yang tidak menguntungkan ini menciptakan kerentanan individu terhadap gejala psikopatologi dan banyak dampak negatif menuju masa dewasa. Dengan demikian, sangat mendesak bagi individu yang berada di tahap emerging adulthood untuk menemukan cara alternatif yang dapat membantu mereka meningkatkan kemampuan regulasi emosi kognitif yang adaptif, termasuk dengan terlibat dalam fandom. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki apakah fungsi fandom (purpose in life, escaping life stress, social connection) dapat memprediksi kemampuan regulasi emosi kognitif yang adaptif pada emerging adult dengan riwayat childhood adversity. Penelitian ini memperoleh sebanyak 417 partisipan dengan karakteristik: (1) berada pada tahap emerging adulthood (18-25 tahun); (2) tergabung dalam fandom media (musik, film, buku, animasi, game dan youtube), dan; (3) memiliki riwayat childhood adversity setidaknya pada satu dimensi (physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner online dan dianalisis dengan teknik analisis regresi berganda menggunakan perangkat IBM SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fungsi fandom purpose in life dan social connection secara signifikan memprediksi regulasi emosi kognitif adaptif, sedangkan fungsi fandom escaping life stress tidak secara signifikan memprediksi regulasi emosi kognitif adaptif. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa manfaat purpose in life dan social connection yang fandom berikan dapat memfasilitasi individu dengan riwayat childhood adversity untuk mengenal dan belajar mengenai strategi regulasi emosi kognitif yang adaptif, tetapi tidak ketika individu mendapat manfaat escaping life stress.

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Individuals who experienced childhood adversity mostly lost their chances to learn about adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies from their parents in a family environment. This unfortunate situation created the individual vulnerabilities to psychopathology symptoms and many negative impacts toward adulthood. So, it was urgent for emerging adult to find an alternative factor which enabled them to boost their adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy, such as through their involvement in fandom. This research examined whether fandom functions (purpose in life, escaping life stress, social connection) could significantly predict adaptive cognitive emotion regulation on an emerging adult who experienced childhood adversity. There were 417 participants involved in this research with characteristic; (1) emerging adult (18 – 25 years old); (2) involved in media fandom (music, film, book, animation, game, and youtube), and; (3) have a history of childhood adversity in at least one dimension (physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse) with moderate-severe level. Data was collected through an online questionnaire and analyzed with the Multiple Regression Analysis technique using IBM SPSS software. The results showed that the function of the fandom purpose in life and social connection significantly predicted adaptive cognitive emotion regulation. However, the function of the fandom escaping life stress failed to predict adaptive cognitive emotion regulation significantly. It can be concluded that the benefits of purpose in life and social connection that fandom provide could facilitate individuals with a history of childhood adversity to recognize and learn about adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies, but not when individuals benefit from escaping life stress."

"Salah satu teknologi e-assessment yang dikembangkan saat ini adalah adaptive assessment. Teknologi ini memungkinkan soal ujian beradaptasi dengan tingkat kemampuan peserta ujian. Dalam adaptive assessment, soal yang diberikan tergantung dari jawaban soal sebelumnya: benar atau salah. Dan hasilnya adalah level atau tingkat kemampuan peserta ujian. Salah satu metode yang digunakan dalam adaptive assessment yaitu model Item Response Theory (IRT) yang diimplementasikan dalam pembuatan aplikasi adaptive assessment pada skripsi ini. Aplikasi ini dirancang sedemikian sehingga masing-masing dosen dapat memilih level atau tingkat kemampuan maksimal pada ujian mata kuliahnya. Aplikasi ini juga dilengkapi feedback sederhana yang dapat digunakan oleh mahasiswa dan dosen untuk evaluasi. Uji coba terhadap aplikasi ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa aplikasi adaptive assessment yang diimplementasikan telah sesuai dengan perancangan yang direncanakan. Waktu respon sistem juga cukup baik, yaitu sebesar 0,121061826 detik untuk memilih dan menampilkan soal ujian, dan sebesar 0,188373828 detik untuk mengolah dan menampilkan hasil ujian beserta feedback-nya."