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"Why do parties and governments cheat in elections they cannot lose? This book documents the widespread use of blatant and excessive manipulation of elections and explains what drives this practice. Alberto Simpser shows that, in many instances, elections are about more than winning. Electoral manipulation is not only a tool used to gain votes, but also a means of transmitting or distorting information. This manipulation conveys an image of strength, shaping the behavior of citizens, bureaucrats, politicians, parties, unions and businesspeople to the benefit of the manipulators, increasing the scope for the manipulators to pursue their goals while in government and mitigating future challenges to their hold on power. Why Governments and Parties Manipulate Elections provides a general theory about what drives electoral manipulation and empirically documents global patterns of manipulation."

"The book describes and analyses the new environment for innovation, it does this with an emphasis on yet uncharted regions within the field of practice-based innovation, coming up with guidelines for innovation policy measures needed in order to realise this. While it focuses on these policies it also takes into account multi-actor innovation processes, user-driven innovation, "related variety" and many other aspects; aspects such as, just to name a few: communicating creative processes and distributing practice-based innovation; then there is creativity itself, encompassing new fields of knowledge and expertise. The authors go on to describe value networks, showing how to make practice-based innovations, explaining innovation diffusion and absorptive capacity. The book presents new insights as well as the latest research related to the frequently used term "innovation". Definitions are put forward, giving, by way of examples, a detailed description of concepts we draw upon when using these. Innovation as a concept is constantly being subdivided into increasingly finer distinctions, which, in turn, determine the discourse. The book takes a close look at these, further taking into account the challenges as well as the opportunities inherent in developing practice-based innovation procedures and policies of global importance, never losing sight of advancing long-term effectiveness."

"ABSTRAK

Untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan daerah yang baik harus dimulai dari menciptakan pemimpin daerah yang memiliki kompetensi dan kualitas yang baik, hal demikian tercermin dari pembinaan atau kaderisasi. Dalam hal ini, partai politik memiliki peran penting untuk menjalankan fungsi rekrutmen politiknya, yang di dalamnya terdapat pula kontribusi dalam melakukan kaderisasi, seleksi, dan menawarkan calon pemimpin daerah kepada rakyat melalui pilkada. Calon pemimpin daerah yang ditawarkan kepada rakyat melalui pilkada harusnya merupakan produk dari kaderisasi yang berjenjang dan berkesinambungan. Oleh karenanya, materi muatan dari Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 sebagai payung hukum pemilihan kepala daerah, khususnya pasal yang mengatur mengenai persyaratan calon kepala daerah, juga harus memasukkan ketentuan-ketentuan yang menunjang partai politik untuk melakukan fungsi kaderisasi yang berjenjang dan berkesinambungan terhadap calon kepala daerah yang akan diusung.

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ABSTRACT

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In order to embody a good local governance must start from creating governors who have good competence and quality, this is reflected in training or caderization. In this case, political parties have an important role to carry out their political recruitment functions, in which there are also contributions in caderizationing, selecting, and offering prospective regional leaders to the people through the elections. Prospective regional leaders who are offered to the people through the elections should be a product of a gradual and continuous caderization. Therefore, the contents of the Law number 10 of 2016 as a legal platform for the election of regional heads, in particular the article governing the requirements of candidates for regional head, must also include the rules which supports political parties to carry out the gradual and continuous caderization function of the regional head candidates to be promoted.

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