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Latar belakang: Prevalensi anemia pada balita di Indonesia masih tinggi. Etiologi tersering adalah anemia defisiensi besi. Defisiensi zat besi dapat menyebabkan perkembangan saraf buruk dan gangguan respon imun. Selain malnutrisi zat besi, malnutrisi protein juga dapat menyebabkan anemia. Anemia lebih banyak ditemukan pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan, disebabkan oleh kebutuhan meningkat. Hubungan zat besi dan protein dengan kadar hemoglobin masih menunjukkan hasil beragam serta belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan hubungan antar kelompok usia.  

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional menggunakan data sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode potong lintang dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Data yang digunakan berasal dari kuesioner sosiodemografis, 24-hour food recall, dan Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan SPSS. Normalitas data didapatkan melalui Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan Pearson (bila distribusi data normal) atau Spearman (bila distribusi data tidak normal). Signifikansi didapatkan bila p <0,05.

Hasil: Terdapat 97 subjek untuk kelompok usia 6-23 bulan dan 82 untuk usia 24-36 bulan. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna karakteristik demografi antara kelompok usia, kecuali untuk kekerapan sakit (p=0,003). Asupan protein dan zat besi lebih tinggi pada kelompok usia 24-36 bulan dibandingkan 6-23 bulan. Asupan protein berkorelasi positif secara signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan (r=0,428) dan usia 24-36 bulan (r=0,262). Asupan zat besi berkorelasi positif secara signifikan dengan kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan (r=0,555) dan usia 24-36 bulan (r=0,253). Perbedaannya bermakna secara statistik.

Kesimpulan: Koefisien korelasi antara asupan zat besi dan Hb serta asupan protein dan Hb pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan lebih kuat dibandingkan kelompok usia 24-36 bulan. Dibutuhkan intervensi pemberian MPASI yang adekuat dan fokus pemenuhan nutrisi pada anak usia 6-36 bulan, terutama pada kelompok usia 6-23 bulan.

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Introduction: Anemia prevalence among toddlers in Indonesia is still high. The most frequent etiology is iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency may cause restrictions in nerve development and immune problems. Other than iron deficiency, protein malnutrition may also cause anemia. The prevalence is higher in 6-23 months age group due to the increase need. However, the correlation between iron and protein intake with hemoglobin levels is still showing different results and the researches do not compare the correlation between different age groups.

Methods: This is an analytic-observational research using secondary data. The research was conducted using cross-sectional method with total sampling technique. The data used were obtained from sociodemographic questionnaire, 24-hour food recall, and Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The data was analyzed using SPSS. Normal distribution of data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Bivariate analysis was done using Pearson (if the data is distributed normally) or Spearman (data not distributed normally). Significance level is established at p<0,05.

Results: A total of 97 subjects for 6-23 months age group and 82 subjects for 24-36 months age group was recruited. No significant statistical difference was found for the demographic criteria, except for sick frequency (p= 0,003). The protein and iron intake are higher in 24-36 months age group. Protein intake correlates positively with hemoglobin levels in 6-23 months age group (r=0,428) and 24-36 months age group (r=0,262) and the statistical difference is significant. Iron intake correlates positively with hemoglobin levels in 6-23 months age group (r=0,555) and 24-36 months age group (r=0,253) and the statistical difference is significant.

Conclusion: Correlation coefficient between iron intake with hemoglobin levels and protein intake with hemoglobin levels is higher in the 6-23 months age group than 24-36 months age group. Adequate complementary feeding intervention is needed and nutrition fulfilment must be given in children age 6-36 months, especially 6-23 months age group.

 

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"Di Indonesia, defisiensi makronutrien (stunting, wasting, dan underweight) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan. Salah satu penyebab dari stunting, wasting, dan underweight adalah kurang beragamnya diet yang dikonsumsi, yang dapat diukur dengan indikator dietary diversity score. Penelitian cross- sectional ini meneliti data sekunder, yang melibatkan sebanyak 85 subjek usia 24—36 bulan di kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Riwayat asupan makan didata menggunakan 24-hour recall, yang akan digunakan untuk menghitung dietary diversity score. Status gizi diukur berdasarkan nilai skor Z dari height- for-age, weight-for-age, dan weight-for-height. Pada hasil, didapatkan mayoritas subjek memiliki DDS sedang (54,1%). Prevalensi subjek dengan stunting, underweight, dan wasting, secara berturut-turut adalah 36,5%, 29,4%, dan 7,1%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara DDS dengan stunting, underweight, ataupun wasting. Melalui analisis multivariat, terdapat dua faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan stunting, yakni jenis kelamin (p=0,025) dan tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,047). Sebagai kesimpulan, selain keragaman pangan, terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang memengaruhi status gizi anak, seperti jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan ibu. Oleh sebab itu, pemberian edukasi kepada ibu terhadap diet anak yang sehat dapat menjadi suatu bentuk tindakan pencegahan terhadap undernutrition.

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In Indonesia, macronutrient deficiency (stunting, wasting, and underweight) is still a health problem. One of the causes of stunting, wasting, and underweight is the lack of variety in the diet consumed, which can be measured by an indicator called dietary diversity score. This cross-sectional study examined a secondary data, involving 85 subjects aged 24—36 months in Kampung Melayu sub-district, East Jakarta. Food intake history was recorded using 24-hour recall, which will be used to calculate the dietary diversity score. Nutritional status was measured based on the Z score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for- height. As a result, majority of subjects had medium DDS (54.1%). The prevalence of subjects with stunting, underweight, and wasting was 36.5%, 29.4%, and 7.1%, respectively. There is no significant relationship between DDS and stunting, underweight, or wasting. Through multivariate analysis, there were two factors that were significantly associated to stunting, which are gender (p=0.025) and mother's education level (p=0.047). In conclusion, in addition to food diversity, there are many other factors that influence the nutritional status of children, such as gender and maternal education. Therefore, providing education to mothers about a healthy child's diet can be used as a form of preventive action against undernutrition."

"Latar belakang: Dampak malnutrisi seperti stunting, wasting, dan underweight pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan irreversible, namun dapat dicegah dengan makanan pendamping ASI yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ketercapaian minimum dietary diversity (MDD) dengan status gizi anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Timur pada pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2020. Metode: Studi cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder penelitian di Jakarta Timur, dengan jumlah sampel 102 subjek berusia 6-23 bulan. Data terkait MDD diperoleh melalui food recall 24 jam yang kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kuesioner MDD. Data terkait usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan ibu, dan pendapatan rumah tangga juga dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan melalui uji chi square dan regresi logistik menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Statistics versi 25. Hasil: Mayoritas subjek penelitian berusia 12-17 bulan (39,2%) dengan proporsi yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebanyak 52% subjek mencapai MDD pada asupan hari sebelumnya. Stunting merupakan status gizi terbanyak (20,6%) dibandingkan dengan wasting (15,7%) dan underweight (12,7%). Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara ketercapaian MDD dan status gizi subjek, tetapi jenis kelamin dianggap berhubungan dengan stunting (p=0,003; 95% CI=1,81-19,03) dan underweight (p=0,012; 95% CI =1,54-36,73). Kesimpulan: Dalam menganalisis hubungan kualitas asupan dengan status gizi, aspek lain seperti jumlah asupan juga perlu diperhatikan.

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the 1000 first days of life are irreversible, but could be prevented by giving high quality complementary feeding practice. This study aims to examine the relationship between achievement of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) with nutritional status among children aged 6-23 months in East Jakarta during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a research in Kampung Melayu Village, East Jakarta, with a total sampling of 102 subjects aged 6-23 months. Data related to MDD was obtained through a 24-hour food recall, which was then entered into the MDD achievement questionnaire. Data related to age, gender, mother's education level, and household income were also analyzed in this study. Data analysis was carried out through the chi square test and logistic regression using SPSS Statistics application version 25. Result: Majority of subjects in the study were 12-17 months (39.2%) and with an equal proportion between male and female. A total of 52% of subjects achieved MDD on the previous day's food intake. Stunting is the most prevalent nutritional status (20.6%) compared to wasting (15.7%) and underweight (12.7%). No significant relationship was found between the achievement of MDD and the nutritional status of the subjects, but gender was considered to be related to stunting (p=0.003; 95% CI=1.81-19.03) and underweight (p=0.012; 95% CI=1.54-36.73). Conclusion: In analyzing the relationship between the quality of intake and nutritional status, other aspects such as the amount of intake also need to be taken into account."

"Menurut data WHO 2018, angka kejadian stunted mencapai 21,9% yang berarti sekitar 140 juta anak di dunia mengalami kejadian stunted. Prevalensi stunted di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 mencapai 30,8%. Artinya, kejadian stunted diderita oleh sekitar 7,3 juta anak Indonesia. Pandemi Covid 19 yang terjadi sejak 2020 menyebabkan banyak perubahan pola kondisi sosial ekonomi pada masyarakat, yang tentu saja mempengaruhi kemampuan orang tua menyediakan makanan yang bergizi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan nutrisi anak. Jika kecukupan zat gizi inadekuat, proses metabolisme tubuh dapat terganggu dan akan menyebabkan terhambatnya proses pembentukan sel atau jaringan dalam tubuh yang selanjutnya menjadi stunted. Salah satu nutrisi yang harus tercukupi adalah zat besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan dan status besi pada anak stunted dan non stunted pada anak usia 24 – 35 bulan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang komparatif menggunakan data sekunder dari 77 anak usia 24 – 35 bulan di Puskesmas Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2020. Data karakteristik subjek diambil dengan kuesioner. Data asupan zat besi, kalori dan protein didapat dengan metode semikuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri dan laboratorium untuk kadar hemoglobin, ferritin dan hs–CRP. Analisis bivariat t tidak berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar Hb antara anak stunted dan non-stunted, dan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan besi dan kadar ferritin antara anak stunted dan non-stunted, dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Didapatkan perbedaan rerata yang bermakna kadar Hb (9,91±1,93 g/dL kelompok stunted dan 12,18±1,20 g/dL kelompok non-stunted, p<0,001) dan kadar ferritin (4,9 (1,5 - 67,4) μg/L kelompok stunted dan (26,8 (1,6 - 91,1) μg/Lkelompok non-stunted, p<0,001). Asupan besi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna di antara kedua kelompok (8,85 (1,5 -74) mg kelompok stunted dan 11,1 (1,9 - 118,6) mg kelompok non-stunted, p = 0,676). Hasil analisis menemukan Kadar Hb dan ferritin anak stunted lebih rendah dibandingkan pada anak non-stunted.

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According to WHO 2018 data, the stunted incidence rate reached 21.9%, which means that around 140 million children in the world experienced stunted events. The prevalence of stunted in Indonesia in 2018 reached 30.8%. This means that around 7.3 million Indonesian children are stunted. Since 2020, the Covid 19 pandemi has caused many changes in the pattern of socioeconomic conditions in society, which, of course, affects parents' ability to provide nutritious food to meet the nutritional needs of their children. If nutrients are insufficient, the body's metabolic processes will be disrupted, and the process of forming cells or tissues in the body will be inhibited, causing growth to be stunted. Iron is one of the nutrients that must be met. The goal of this study was to see if there were any differences in iron intake and status between stunted and non-stunted children aged 24-35 months during the Covid-19 pandemi in Jakarta. From September to October 2020, 77 children aged 24-35 months were studied in a cross-sectional comparative study using secondary data at the Kampung Melayu Health Center in East Jakarta. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the subjects' characteristics. Data on iron, calorie and protein intake were taken using the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire method. Anthropometric and laboratory examinations were performed for hemoglobin, ferritin and hs-CRP levels. Independent sample t-test was used to determine differences in Hb levels between stunted and non-stunted children, and the Mann-Whitney test to determine differences in iron intake and ferritin levels between stunted and non-stunted children, using a significance limit of p < 0.05. There was a significant difference in Hb levels (9.91±1.93 g/dL in the stunted group and 12.18±1.20 g/dL in the non-stunted group, p<0.001) and ferritin levels (4.9 (1.5 - 67.4) μg/L in the stunted group and (26.8 (1.6 -91.1) μg/L in the non-stunted group, p<0.001) There was no significant difference in iron intake between the two groups (8.85 (1.5-74) mg in the stunted group and 11.1 (1.9 - 118.6) mg in the non-stunted group, p = 0.676. The results of the analysis found Hb and ferritin levels in stunted children were lower than in non-stunted children"

"Latar belakang: Perkembangan anak yang optimal diperlukan untuk mendukung proses belajar di kemudian hari. Zat besi merupakan salah satu nutrisi yang dibutuhkan dalam perkembangan otak untuk mendukung perkembangan anak, yang masih sangat diperlukan hingga usia 3 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara status zat besi dengan status perkembangan anak usia 24-36 bulan. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain potong lintang eksplorasi dilakukan di Kampung Melayu, Jakarta pada bulan September sampai Oktober 2020. Subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian didapatkan dengan teknik total population sampling. Data didapatkan dari wawancara karakteristik dan asupan zat besi menggunakan semi quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), pemeriksaan antropometri, status perkembangan berdasarkan Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), dan status zat besi dari pemeriksaan feritin, hemoglobin, dan high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP). Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi square/Fisher, Mann-Whitney, dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Dari 80 subjek yang berhasil diperoleh, terdapat status gangguan perkembangan pada 17,5% subjek dan status zat besi kurang pada 41,3% subjek. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara status zat besi dengan status perkembangan. Dari analisis multivariat regresi logistik didapatkan status zat besi (p = 0,019) dan status gizi (p = 0,018) berkontribusi terhadap gangguan perkembangan, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 7,5 (95% CI 1,397-40,635) dan 11,45 (95% CI 1,518-86,371).Kesimpulan: Status zat besi berkontribusi dalam perkembangan anak usia 24–36 bulan, sehingga dibutuhkan upaya untuk menjaga status zat besi selain juga status gizi anak.

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Background: Optimal child development is needed to support the learning process at a later date. Iron is one of the nutrients needed in brain development to support child development, which is still very needed until the age of 3 years. This study aims to determine the association between iron status and developmental status in children aged 24-36 months.

Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study was conducted in Kampung Melayu, Jakarta, from September to October 2020. Subjects who met the research criteria were obtained using the total population sampling method. Data were obtained from interviews on characteristics and iron intake using semi quantitative-food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), anthropometric examinations, developmental status based on Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 (ASQ-3), and iron status from ferritin, hemoglobin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) tests. Data analysis used Chi square/Fisher, Mann-Whitney test, and logistic regression.

Results: Of the 80 subjects that were obtained, there was developmental disorder in 17.5% of subjects and deficient iron status in 41.3% of subjects. There was no significant relationship between iron status and developmental status. From the multivariate logistic regression analysis, it was found that iron status (p = 0.019) and nutritional status (p = 0.018) contributed to developmental disorder, namely 7.5 (95% CI 1.397-40.635) and 11.45 (95% CI 1.518-86.371), respectively.

Conclusion: Iron status contributed to the development of children aged 24–36 months, so efforts are needed to maintain iron status as well as children’s nutritional status."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara purchase intention ibu terhadap sereal bayi yang diperkaya zat gizi besi untuk sereal bayi dengan klaim fortifikasi zat besi dengan asupan zat besi pada anak usia 6-23 bulan. Metode cross sectional ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Pengetahuan Klaim Gizi Ibu dan Niat Beli Ibu Sereal Bayi Fortifikasi Zat Besi Terhadap Asupan Zat Besi pada Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan di Tangerang. Populasi penelitian terdiri dari ibu-ibu yang berpasangan dengan anak usia 6-23 bulan. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa variabel jenis kelamin, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan, dan pendapatan rumah tangga berhubungan signifikan dengan asupan zat besi. Hubungan antara variabel jenis kelamin dengan asupan zat besi diperoleh nilai p-value = 0.024 setelah diadjust dengan variable perancu sehingga dapat disimpulkan terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin anak dengan asupan zat besi anak 6-23 bulan di Kota Tangerang, variable perancu antara lain pekerjaan (p=0.009), pendapatan rumah tangga (p=0.007) dan pendidikan ibu (p =0.019), gender anak (p=0.025) dan pengetahuan gizi terkait klaim zat besi (p=0.180) terhadap asupan zat besi. Temuan penelitian mengenai hubungan antara pengetahuan klaim zat gizi ibu dengan pembelian sereal aktual oleh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-23 bulan tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan. penelitian ini memiliki kuisioner yang tervalidasi mengenai pengetahuan ibu tentang klaim zat gizi besi. Studi ini memiliki kuesioner yang divalidasi, kuesioner sikap, norma subjektif, kontrol perilaku yang dirasakan dan intention, yang diadaptasi dari Planned Behaviour Theory.

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This study investigates the association between mother’s purchase intention of iron-fortified infant cereals for infant cereal with iron fortification claim with iron intake among children aged 6-23 months. This cross-sectional method is used in order to know The Association Between Mother’s Purchase Intention of Iron-Fortified Infant Cereal and Iron Intake Among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Tangerang. The study population consists of mothers in pairs with children aged 6-23 months. Bivariate analysis shows that the variables gender, mother's education, occupation, and household income are significantly associated with iron intake. The p-value of the association between the gender variable and iron intake is 0.024 after adjustment linier regression multivariant analysis, indicating that there is significant association between the gender of the child and the iron intake of children aged 6-23 months in Tangerang City, as well as the employment variable. Confounding variables include mother occupation (p=0.009), household income (p=0.007), and education. Mother (p = 0.019); child's gender (p=0.025) and iron nutrition claim knowledge (p=0.180) regarding iron intake. There is no association between mother’s knowledge on nutrition claim with mother’s actual purchase. The results of this study have authenticated questionnaires: regarding mother’s claimed knowledge of iron nutrition, the attitude, subjective norms, perceived behaviour control, and intention questionnaires, adapted from The Planned Behaviour Theory

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.This study aims to identify the potential of hot spring temperature fluctuations as precursors to tectonic earthquakes along the Cimandiri Fault, utilizing Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The background of this research is the high seismic activity around the Cimandiri Fault, driven by the movement of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian plates. Temperature fluctuations in the region's hot springs are hypothesized to serve as early indicators or precursors of earthquakes. Based on the theories of K. Mogi and Jonathan R. Bedford, changes in pressure and seismic activity in the Earth's crust can lead to increased temperatures in hot springs prior to earthquake events. The study employs a method of monitoring hot spring temperatures using Arduino-based IoT technology equipped with DS18B20 temperature sensors. Temperature data were collected from two major hot spring locations, Cisolok and Cikundul, situated near the Cimandiri Fault, with recording intervals every two minutes from May to October 2024. The temperature data from the hot springs were correlated with data on tectonic earthquakes occurring within a 50 km radius of the Cimandiri Fault.Key variables analyzed include the hot spring temperatures at Cisolok and Cikundul, the distance from the earthquake epicenter, the type of rock, and the geological structures through which seismic waves travel. The results revealed temperature fluctuations in the hot springs prior to the majority of the recorded earthquakes. Eight out of ten earthquake events showed significant temperature increases in the hot springs at Cisolok and Cikundul. Further analysis indicated that the distance between the earthquake epicenter and the hot spring locations influenced the intensity and timing of the observed temperature fluctuations. Additionally, the type of rock traversed by seismic waves impacted subsurface heat movement within the aquifer, ultimately affecting the temperature fluctuations in the hot springs."

"Prevalensi balita wasting di Jakarta Timur tahun 2017 merupakan prevalensi tertinggi kedua di DKI Jakarta yakni sebesar 11%. Prevalensi wasting di Jakarta Timur termasuk

masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius. Wasting merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius karna dapat menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas balita. Usia 24-30 bulan merupakan usia yang rentan mengalami wasting karena sudah tidak mendapatkan ASI sehingga diperlukannya asupan gizi yang adekuat. Wasting memiliki beberapa faktor

langsung dan tidak langsung sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor dominan kejadian wasting pada anak usia 24-30 bulan di Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta

Timur tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode cross-sectional dengan sampel penelitian 221 anak usia 24-30 bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 14,9% anak usia

24-30 bulan di Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta Timur tahun 2019 mengalami wasting. Terdapat hubungan positif antara asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein,

asupan protein hewani, asupan lemak, frekuensi asupan susu, dan jumlah asupan susu dengan kejadian wasting. Risiko wasting lebih tinggi pada anak dengan asupan energi, karbohidrat, protein, protein hewani, dan lemak yang tidak adekuat serta frekuensi dan jumlah asupan susu yang kurang. Faktor dominan dari penelitian ini yakni asupan protein yang berarti asupan protein tidak adekuat mempunyai peluang 2,8 kali untuk menjadi wasting dibandingkan dengan anak dengan asupan protein adekuat setelah dikontrol oleh asupan energi, asupan asupan karbohidrat, asupan protein hewani, asupan lemak, riwayat ISPA, riwayat diare, usia minum susu, frekuensi asupan susu, jumlah asupan susu, IMD, dan pendidikan ibu. Maka dari itu diperlukannya asupan protein khususnya susu untuk mencegah kejadian wasting.

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The prevalence of wasting toodlers in East Jakarta in 2017 is the second highest prevalance in DKI Jakarta is 11%. The prevalence of wasting in East Jakarta is a serious problem public health. Wasting is a serious problem because it can cause morbidity and mortality in children. Age 24-30 months is the age high risk of wasting because its not getting breast milk anymore, so adequate nutritional intake is needed. Wasting has several direct and indirect factors, the purpose of this study is to find out dominant factors of wasting in children aged 24-30 months in Cakung Sub District, East Jakarta in 2019. This study used a cross-sectional method with 221 children aged 24-30 month. The results showed 14,9% of children aged 24-30 months in Cakung District, East Jakarta in 2019 had wasting. There is a relationship between energy intake, carbohydrate intake, protein intake, animal source protein intake, fat intake, frequency of milk intake, amount of milk intake with wasting. The risk of wasting is higher in children with energy, carbohydrate, protein, animal protein, and inadequate fat intake and less frequency and amount of milk intake. The dominant factor of this study is

protein intake which means that inadequate protein intake has higher risk 2,8 times to be wasting compared to children with adequate protein intake after being controlled by energy intake, carbohydrate intake, animal source protein intake, fat intake, acute respiratory infection, diarrhea, age of drinking milk, frequency of milk intake, amount of milk intake, initiation of breast feeding, and mother education. Adequancy protein intake is needed especially milk intake to prevent wasting in children."

"Tujuan : Mengetahui korelasi antara asupan besi. hemoglobin dan kadar feritin serum dengan indikator panjang badan untuk usia pada bayi stunring usia 6-I2 bulan.Tempat : Pada 20 desa dan kelurahan di Kota dan Kabupaten Tangerang di wilayah binaan CARE International Indonesia.Bahan dan cara: Pada penelitian dengan disain potong lintang ini didapatkan 3l subyek sesuai kriteria penelitian. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi pendidikan formal ibu, status gizi berdasarkan HAZ, asupan kalori, protein dan besi dcngan menggunakan FFQ semikuantitati pemeriksaan laboratorium darah yaitu hemoglobin clan feritin serum. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Kolmogorov Smirnov, dan korelasi Pearson/spernmn's Rank.Hasil : Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 5I,6% pendidikan formal ibu sekolah dasar/sederajat. Subyek merupakan kelompok stunting yang sebagian besar (80,6%) merupakan stunting sedang. serata asupan energi adalah 767,99_+;275,42 kkal/hari dan protein 2l,80_~§l l,08 g/hari. Asupan energi dan protein subyek yang rendah 74,2% dan 29% dibandingkan RDA. Rcrata asupan besi adalah 6,06 j 4, l 6 mg/hari, sebagaian besar subyek (8l%) dengan asupan besi kurang menurut RNI. Rerata kadar hemoglobin 10,041 1,32 g/dL dan kadar feritin serum didapatkan median 10,93 (l,62; 90,38) pg/L. Subyek yang mengalami anemia 71%, depiesi besi tanpa anemia 9,7% dan anemia defisiensi besi 41.9°/6. Pada analisis tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bermakna antara asupan besi dengan hemoglobin dan feritin scrum. Pada analisis korelasi antara hemoglobin dan feritin serum dengan HAZ skor tidak didapatkan korelasi bermakna.Kesimpulan : Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bemiakna antara asupan besi dengan hemoglobin dan feritin serum. Tidak didapatkan korelasi yang bcrmakna antara hemoglobin dan feritin serum dengan HAZ skor.

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Objective :To know correlation between dietary iron intake, hemoglobin, serum feritin and height tbr age Z score in shunting infant age 6-I2 month.Location : 20 villages and kelurahan in Tangerang City and District the area under serviced by CARE, international Indonesia (Cll).Material and Method: A cross sectional study had been canied out on 31subjects selected. Data collected consist of' respondent (mother) tbmial education, subject characteristic i.e HAZ, dietary intake of energy, protein and iron using semi quantitative FFQ, and laboratory examination lbr hemoglobin and serum ferritin. Statistical analysis was using Kolmogorov-Smimov and Pearson/Spearman?s rank correlation tests.Result : Most of mothers? formal education was primary school (5l.6%). Majority ofthe subjects was in moderate stunting (80,6%). Average energy and protein intake were 767.99i275.42 kcal/day and 2 l,80il l,08 g/day. respectively. Subjects with low energy and protein intake as compared to the RDA are 74.2% and 29%, respectively. Average iron intake 6.061 4.l6 mg/day and 8l% of the subject had iron intake less than RNI. Average hemoglobin level was l0.04=t:l.32 g/dl, whereas median serum ferritin was l0.93 (1.62; 9038) ug/L. Subject with anemia, iron depletion without anemia and iron deficiency anemia were 71%,9.7%, and 4l.9%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between iron intake and hemoglobin. There was negative correlation between iron intake and serum ferritin (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between hemoglobin and serum ferritin with HAZ score.Conclusion: There were no significant correlations between iron intake with hemoglobin, and serum ferritin. There were no significant correlations between hemoglobin and serum ferritin with HAZ score unstinting infant 6-12 month."

"Stunting ialah kondisi kurang gizi kronis yang disebabkan oleh asupan gizi yang kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh dalam waktu yang cukup lama sehingga anak lebih pendek jika dibandingkan dengan usianya. Faktor-faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kejadian stunting dan praktik pemberian makan adalah usia ibu, pekerjaan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, berat badan lahir anak.

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Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition caused by the lack of nutrient intake of the body needs in a long time so that the child is shorter when compared with his age. Factors that may affect the incidence of stunting and feeding practices are maternal age, maternal employment, maternal education, child birth weight."

"Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang dimiliki oleh 150,8 juta anak di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Anak stunting diindikasikan dengan tinggi badan menurut usia di bawah minus dua deviasi standar dari World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. Jika terjadi dalam 1000 hari kehidupan pertama seorang anak, stunting cenderung bersifat irreversible, dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan perkembangan, mulai dari penurunan kemampuan kognitif, peningkatan risiko atas penyakit metabolik, dan penurunan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan hidup di masa depan. Korelasi vitamin D dan kalsium masih terhadap stunting masih kurang dieksplorasi, padahal beberapa studi menunjukkan dampak positif melalui fungsi mineralisasi tulang dan insulin-like growth factor axis. Dengan begitu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap indikator stunting (HAZ) pada anak usia 6-24 bulan sebagai usia yang telah mendapatkan MPASI, dan di Jakarta Timur sebagai wilayah dengan prevalensi stunting kedua tertinggi di antara wilayah DKI Jakarta lainnya. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah metode potong lintang, dengan total 62 sampel, yaitu anak usia 6-24 bulan yang bertempat tinggal di Jakarta Timur dan mengikuti penelitian Departemen Gizi FKUI 2014, sesuai kriteria inklusi tanpa kriteria eksklusi, kemudian terpilih melalui simple random sampling. Pengolahan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 20 for Mac. Hasil: Hasil yang ditemukan adalah anak usia 12-24 bulan berhubungan positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap asupan kalsium kurang dari AKG (OR= 16,611; p<0,001). Sebaran asupan vitamin D dan status stunting berdasarkan seluruh karakteristik subjek tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan secara statistik. Sementara itu, asupan kalsium dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,324; p=0,005; p<0,01), begitu pula dengan asupan vitamin D dan HAZ berkorelasi positif dan searah (r=0,279; p=0,014, p<0,05). Hubungan status asupan kalsium dan vitamin D terhadap status stunting tidak bersifat signifikan secara statistik, namun penting secara klinis. Pembahasan: Usia 12-24 bulan lebih berisiko untuk memiliki asupan kalsium yang lebih rendah karena frekuensi minum ASI yang semakin berkurang tidak diimbangi dengan asupan gizi MPASI. Korelasi signifikan antara asupan kalsium dan asupan vitamin D terhadap HAZ mendukung studi sebelumnya bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi IGF-1 plasma, dan bahwa kalsium dan vitamin D bekerja berdampingan.

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Stunting is a global health issue, with approximately 150.8 million children are affected worldwide, including Indonesia. Children with stunting are indicated with a Height-for-Age Z Score of less than-2 standard deviation based the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards median. If it occurs in the first 1000 days of life, stunting tends to be irreversible and cause impaired development, from cognitive impairment and increased risk of metabolic diseases, to lower income and welfare in the future. Correlation between vitamin D and calcium intake towards stunting have yet to be explored thoroughly even though several studies suggest their positive impacts through bone mineralisation and insulin-like growth factor axis. Thus, this research is done in order to discover the correlation between calcium and vitamin D toward stunting indicators (HAZ) on children aged 6-24 months, as they are currently given complementary foods, and located in East Jakarta, which has the second highest stunting prevalence compared to other regions in DKI Jakarta. Method: This study uses a cross-sectional method with a total of 62 samples, which are children aged 6-24 months that live in East Jakarta and took part in FKUI's Nutrition Department's Research in 2014, passing inclusion criterias without exclusion criterias, then selected through simple random sampling. Data processing and analysis are conducted with SPSS 20 for Mac software. Results: Results have found children age 12-24 months significantly and positively correlated with calcium intake less then AKG (OR=16.611; p<0.001). Vitamin D intake and stunting status distribution based on all subject characteristics are statistically insignificant On the other hand, calcium intake and HAZ have a positive and unidirectional correlation of (r=0.324; p=0.005; p<0.01), similar with vitamin D intake and HAZ with a positive and unidirectional correlation (r=0.279; p=0.014, p<0.05). Meanwhile, relationships of calcium and vitamin D intake status towards stunting status are not statistically significant, however clinically important. Discussion: Age group 12-24 months has higher risk to have lower calcium intake because reduced breastfeeding frequency is not balanced with adequate complementary food. Significant correlation between calcium and vitamin D intake towards stunting indicator supports the theory where calcium and vitamin D increases plasma IGF-1 concentration, and that both calcium and vitamin D works side-by-side."