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"Penelitian ini membahas mengenai dampak indikator kemudahan berusaha terhadap ekspor dan impor Indonesia dengan periodisasi waktu dari tahun 2015 hingga 2020. Variabel dependen pada penelitian ini adalah nilai ekspor dan nilai impor Indonesia terhadap 100 (seratus) negara trading partner. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel statis menggunakan random effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata indikator kemudahan berusaha Indonesia secara keseluruhan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor dan impor. Selain itu, indikator starting a business berdampak positif terhadap impor. Measurement pada indikator trading across borders yang mengukur proses logistik kegiatan ekspor berpengaruh positif terhadap ekspor sedangkan measurement yang mengukur proses logistik kegiatan impor berpengaruh positif terhadap impor. Perbaikan skor indikator kemudahan berusaha diperlukan untuk mengurangi waktu dan biaya yang menjadi penyebab tingginya trade cost pada proses logistik kegiatan ekspor dan impor.

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This study discusses the impact of the ease of doing business indicator on Indonesian exports and imports with a time period from 2015 to 2020. The dependent variable in this study is the value of Indonesia's exports and imports of 100 (one hundred) trading partner countries. The method used is static panel data regression using a random effect model. The results showed that the average score of the ease of doing business indicator in Indonesia as a whole had a positive and significant effect on exports and imports. In addition, the indicators of starting a business have a positive impact on imports. The measurement on the trading across borders indicator which measures the logistics process of export activities has a positive effect on exports, while the measurement that measures the logistics process of import activities has a positive effect on imports. Improvements in the score of the ease of doing business are needed to reduce time and costs which are the cause of high trade costs in the logistics process of export and import activities."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk melihat pengaruh intervesi APEC dalam limaindikator kemudahan berusaha terhadap pertumbuhan penanaman modal asinganggotanya yang dilakukan sejak tahun 2010 hingga 2018. Dengan menggunakanpendekatan difference-in-differences (DID), hasil estimasi menunjukkan apabilaindikator kemudahan memulai usaha (Starting a Business) dan indikator melakukanperdagangan lintas batas negara (Trading Across Borders) ketika program dilaksanakanterbukti berpengaruh positif secara signifikan untuk meningkatkan penanaman modalasing dibandingkan tiga indikator prioritas lainnya pada 20 ekonomi APEC.

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ABSTRACTThis research aims to assess APEC intervention on improving The Ease of DoingBusiness and its impact to its member Foreign Direct Investment which implementedduring the 2010-2018 action plan. By using difference-in-differences method, the resultestimated that during the action plan implementation, The Ease on Starting a Businessand Trading Across Borders were significantly have a positive impact to increase theForeign Direct Investment for the 20 APEC economies."

"Kemudahan berusaha dapat menjadi keuntungan lokasi dari host country yang bertujuan untuk menarik investasi asing. Penelitian ini menganalisa pengaruh dari kemudahan berusaha terhadap masuknya FDI. Data yang digunakan adalah peringkat ease of doing business dan peringkat doing business indicators, sera data FDI negara-negara berkembang dan ASEAN-8. Metode penelitian adalah data panel dengan periode penelitian dari 2006-2013 untuk kemudahan berusaha dan dari 2007-2013 untuk peringkat lima indikator menjalankan usaha. Kemudahan berusaha ditemukan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan baik di negara-negara berkembang maupun di ASEAN-8. Indikator getting credit, trading across borders dan enforcing contracts memberikan pengaruh signifikan di negara-negara berkembang, Sedangkan di negara-negara ASEAN-8 hanya indikator starting a business yang mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap masuknya FDI. Hasil ini menunjukkan reformasi regulasi usaha harus menjadi agenda negara-negara berkembang dan ASEAN-8 untuk membuat lingkungan usaha yang kondusif.

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Ease of doing business can be a location advantage of the host country that aims to attract foreign investment. This study analyzes of the effect on ease of doing business on the inflow of FDI. Using data of the ranking on ease of doing business and ranking on doing business indicators, also FDI data of developing countries and the ASEAN-8. Research method is a data panel with the study period of 2006-2013 for ease of doing business and from 2007-2013 for ranking on five of doing business indicators. Ease of doing business found a significant influence both in developing countries and ASEAN-8. Indicators of getting credit, trading across borders and enforcing contracts have a significant effect in developing countries, while in ASEAN-8 is found only indicator of starting a business that has a significant effect on FDI. These results demonstrate that reform of business regulatory should be on the agenda of developing countries and ASEAN-8 to create condusive environment."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dampak diversfikasi pasar dan diversifikasi produk dari ekspor Tekstil dan Produk Tekstil (TPT) Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kinerja ekspor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penghitungan diversifikasi Herfindhal-Hirschman Index untuk mengukur tingkat diversifikasi/konsentrasi ekspor pada kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika, dan estimasi data menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa diversifikasi pasar meningkatkan ekspor di Kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika. Namun diversifikasi produk hanya berpengaruh meningkatkan ekspor ke kawasan Timur Tengah sedangkan untuk kawasan Afrika diversifikasi produk berpengaruh menurunkan ekspor TPT. Faktor lain yang signifikan meningkatkan ekspor TPT ke kawasan Timur Tengah dan Afrika adalah volume impor dan pendapatan perkapita, sedangkan depresiasi nilai tukar rill berdampak menurunkan ekspor TPT

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ABSTRACTThis thesis aims to analyze the impact of market diversification and product diversification of the exports of textile and textile products (TPT) of Indonesia in improving export performance. The calculation method of diversification in this study is TheHerfindhal-Hirschman Index, measure the level of exports in the Middle East and Africa. Estimation data using panel data regression. The research found that market diversification can increase exports to the Middle East and Africa Region. Product diversification increase TPT exports only in the Middle East region, while the diversification of products in the African region decrease in TPT exports. Another significant factor increase of TPT exports to the Middle East and Africa are the volume of imports and income per capita of export destination, while the depreciation of the real exchange rate reduce TPT exports"

"Studi penelitian ini menyelidiki dampak kebijakan anti dumping pada volume impor produk biaxially oriented polyproylene (BOPP)  menggunakan data bulanan seri waktu dari Januari 2014 hingga Desember 2019. Studi ini membandingkan dampak dari kebijakan anti dumping pada dua kelompok negara yaitu named country sebagai negara yang menjadi subjek kebijakan anti dumping dan non named country sebagai negara yang bukan subjek kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan dua metode penelitian utama seperti metode ekonometrik dan metode analisis deskriptif. Selain itu, pada penelitian ini digunakan beberapa variabel yaitu nilai tukar mata uang sebagai variabel yang mewakili harga, pangsa pasar, besar bea anti dumping dan periode dumping dummy termasuk periode investigasi dan periode perpanjangan peraturan anti dumping serta variabel laju pertumbuhan sektor industri besar dan sedang sebagai variabel yang mewakili pendapatan . Variabel tersebut merupakan kunci untuk menguji efek pembatasan perdagangan dan efek pengalihan perdagangan dari kebijakan anti dumping. Beberapa studi empiris telah membahas dampak kebijakan anti dumping di negara berkembang. Namun, penelitian ini berfokus untuk menyelidiki produk spesifik dalam polyproylene yaitu Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene yang merupakan salah satu kebijakan anti dumping terbaru di Indonesia. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa besar bea masuk kebijakan anti dumping memiliki signifikansi negatif terhadap volume impor BOPP dari named country yaitu Thailand dan Vietnam, sementara itu kebijakan justru berpengaruh negatif terhadap peningkatan volume impor dari non named country  yaitu Malaysia, Tiongkok, China Taipei, Korea Selatan dan jepang. Penurunan volume impor ini terjadi pada periode kedua pengenaan peraturan tersebut.

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This research study investigates the impact of anti dumping policy of Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene product on the BOPP import. Using monthly time series data from January 2014 to December 2019, This study compares the impact of anti dumping policy on two groups of countries namely named country as a country that is the subject of an anti dumping policy and 'non named country as  country that is not the subject of this policy. This study also uses two main research methods such as the econometric method and the descriptive analysis method. In addition, this study used several variables, namely currency exchange rates as a variable that represents price, market share, anti dumping duties and the dummy variables of dumping periods including the investigation period and the anti dumping regulation extension period, we also include growth rate industry sectors variable that reflects income . These variables are key to examine the effects of trade restrictions and the effects of trade diversion from anti dumping policies.

Several empirical studies have addressed the impact of anti dumping policies in developing countries. However, this research focuses on investigating a specific product in polyproylene, Biaxially Oriented Polypropylene (BOPP), which is one of the latest anti dumping policies in Indonesia in term of extension period. Empirical results show that anti dumping duty has a negatif significance on BOPP import volumes from 2 (two) name countries namely Thailand and Vietnam, while the suprising result that  policy has a positif effect on decreasing the volume of imports from non-named countries namely Malaysia, China, China Taipei, South Korea and Japan. This decreasing in import volume occurred in the second period of imposition of the regulation."

"[ ABSTRAKYakuza merupakan suatu istilah yang menunjuk, baik seorang individu maupun kelompok organisasi kriminal yang ada di Jepang. Mereka sudah ada di Jepang sejak awal abad ke-17, dan masih terus ada sampai masa sekarang ini. Yakuza dari dulu sudah dikenal sebagai penjudi, dan berjdudi dianggap sebagai salah satu pemasukkan mereka. Memasuki tahun 1985, yaitu masa ketika Ekonomi Gelembung Jepang mulai muncul, yakuza ikut masuk ke dalam bisnis legal seperti saham dan properti. Tidak hanya masyarakat biasa saja yang dapat berbisnis dengan mudah, yakuza pun yang adalah organisasi kriminal dapat dengan mudah membangun dan memperluas bisnis-bisnis mereka. Harga properti dan saham ketika masa ekonomi gelembung menjadi murah, dan peminjaman yang diberikan oleh bank-bank di Jepang untuk berbisnis dan berinvestasi diberikan dengan sangat mudah, bahkan tidak lagi memeriksa latar belakang klien yang meminjam uang. Pada masa Ekonomi Gelembung Jepang, pendapatan yang diperoleh yakuza menjadi meningkat, baik pendapatan tersebut diperoleh dari bisnis legal maupun ilegal. Pada tahun 1989, melalui survey yang dilakukan oleh NRIPS, diketahui bahwa angka pendapatan yakuza mencapai hingga 1,3 triliun yen, atau sekitar 11,28 triliun rupiah pada saat itu.

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ABSTRACTYakuza is a term refering to whether a person or groups of criminal organization in Japan. They appeared since the begining of the 17th Century, and still exist until today. Yakuza are always known as a gambler. Gambling is considered as one of their income. When entering 1985—which was an era, where Japan's Bubble Economy starting to exsist—the yakuza started to join in the legal businesses such as real estate and property. It is not only the common people that may easily established legal businesses, the yakuza, which is a criminal organization, may also built and expanded their bussinesses easily. Real estate and property prices in the bubble era became inexpensive and the loaned that were given by the banks in Japan to establish and invest in businesses were given very easily, that even the banks were no longer checking into their clients' background. At Japan's Bubble Economy, the income that the yakuza earned were inreased, whether those incomes came from the legal or the illegal businesses. By 1989, with the survey held by NRIPS, it is known that the numbers of the yakuza's income reached until 1,3 trillion yen or approximately 11,28 trillion rupiah at the time., Yakuza is a term refering to whether a person or groups of criminal organization in Japan. They appeared since the begining of the 17th Century, and still exist until today. Yakuza are always known as a gambler. Gambling is considered as one of their income. When entering 1985—which was an era, where Japan's Bubble Economy starting to exsist—the yakuza started to join in the legal businesses such as real estate and property. It is not only the common people that may easily established legal businesses, the yakuza, which is a criminal organization, may also built and expanded their bussinesses easily. Real estate and property prices in the bubble era became inexpensive and the loaned that were given by the banks in Japan to establish and invest in businesses were given very easily, that even the banks were no longer checking into their clients' background. At Japan's Bubble Economy, the income that the yakuza earned were inreased, whether those incomes came from the legal or the illegal businesses. By 1989, with the survey held by NRIPS, it is known that the numbers of the yakuza's income reached until 1,3 trillion yen or approximately 11,28 trillion rupiah at the time.]"