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"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma ovarium merupakan tumor ganas ginekologik yang paling mematikan. Metastasis kelenjar getah bening ditemukan pada 78% kasus stadium lanjut yang dilakukan sampling atau diseksi kelenjar getah bening. Metastasis ini juga ditemukan pada kasus yang secara klinis sesuai dengan stadium I dan II. Faktor risiko terjadinya metastasis kelenjar getah bening pada karsinoma ovarium meliputi tipe histologik serosum, tumor high grade, dan kadar CA125 serum yang tinggi pada saat diagnosis. Pemeriksaan ulang kelenjar getah bening negatif pada kasus keganasan ginekologik lain menunjukkan adanya mikrometastasis hingga 8%- 14%. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui insidensi occult metastasis, baik berupa mikrometastasis maupun isolated tumor cells, pada kelenjar getah bening negatif dengan menggunakan pulasan imunohistokimia sitokeratin AE1/AE3 pada karsinoma ovarium dengan berbagai tipe histologik. Metode: Penelitian retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang pada sediaan kelenjar getah bening negatif dari operasi histerosalpingoovorektomi disertai limfadenektomi kasus karsinoma ovarium di RSCM periode Januari 2016 sampai Desember 2020. Pada seluruh blok parafin berisi kelenjar getah bening negatif berukuran >1 cm dilakukan potong dalam dua kali untuk masing-masing dipulas hematoksilin-eosin dan imunohistokimia sitokeratin AE1/AE3. Data imunoekspresi AE1/AE3 dianalisis untuk menentukan mikrometastasis/isolated tumor cells, dan mengetahui hubungannya dengan tipe histologik serosum. Hasil: Dari 57 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi didapatkan rerata usia 49,5 tahun. Tipe histopatologik terbanyak (40,3%) adalah karsinoma sel jernih, 66,7% kasus memiliki tumor high grade, dan 57,9% kasus terdiagnosis pada stadium dini. Occult metastasis didapatkan pada 1 (1,75%) kasus dari seluruh sampel. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan kejadian occult metastasis pada kelompok karsinoma serosum dan non-serosum (p=1). Kesimpulan: Insidensi occult metastasis kelenjar getah bening sebesar 1,75% dari seluruh kasus karsinoma ovarium dalam penelitian ini. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan kejadian occult metastasis pada kelompok karsinoma serosum dan non-serosum.

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Background: Ovarian carcinoma is the most lethal gynecologic malignant tumor. Lymph node metastases were found in 78% of advanced stage cases that underwent lymph node dissection. These metastases were also found in cases with clinical stage I and II. Risk factors for lymph node metastasis in ovarian carcinoma include serous histologic type, high grade tumor, and high serum CA125 level at diagnosis. Reexamination of negative lymph nodes in cases of other gynecologic malignancies shows micrometastases in up to 8%-14%.

Aim: This study was conducted to determine the incidence of occult metastases, either in the form of micrometastases or isolated tumor cells, in negative lymph nodes by using cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunohistochemistry in ovarian carcinomas of various histologic types.

Method: A retrospective study with a cross-sectional design on negative lymph node preparations from hysterosalpingoovorectomy surgery accompanied by lymphadenectomy for ovarian carcinoma cases at RSCM January 2016-December 2020. All paraffin blocks containing negative lymph nodes measuring >1 cm were cut in two sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and cytokeratin AE1/AE3. AE1/AE3 immunoexpression data were analyzed to determine micrometastases/isolated tumor cells, and their relationship with serous histological type.

Result: Of the 57 samples that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the mean age was 49.5 years. The most histopathological types (40.3%) were clear cell carcinomas, 66.7% cases had high grade tumors, and 57.9% cases were diagnosed at an early stage. Occult metastases were found in 1 (1.75%) cases of the entire sample. There was no difference in the incidence of occult metastases in the serous and non-serous carcinoma groups (p=1).

Conclusion: The incidence of occult lymph node metastases was 1.75% of all ovarian carcinoma cases in this study. There was no difference in the incidence of occult metastases in the serous and non-serous carcinoma groups.

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Latar belakang: Karsinoma mukoepidermoid merupakan keganasan pada kelenjar liur yang paling sering ditemukan. Prognosis karsinoma mukoepidermoid berhubungan dengan derajat keganasannya. Cancer stem cell (CSC) diduga berperan dalam patogenesis karsinoma mukoepidermoid sehingga terjadi resisten terhadap berbagai terapi. CD44 merupakan salah satu penanda SC yang paling banyak pada kelenjar liur dan tampak meningkat pada karsinoma mukoepidermoid. Namun, peran prognostik CD44 pada keganasan masih menjadi perdebatan.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang. Sampel terdiri atas 34 kasus di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM tahun 2012 sampai 2017. Dilakukan pulasan CD44 dan perhitungan H-score dan presentasi setiap kasus. Hasil perhitungan dikelompokan menjadi ekspresi negatif/positif lemah dan positif kuat.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi CD44 berhubungan secara signifikan dengan derajat keganasan (p=0,006). Ekspresi positif kuat ditemukan lebih banyak pada derajat keganasan rendah dan ekspresi negatif/positif lemah ditemukan lebih banyak pada derajat keganasan tinggi.

Kesimpulan: Ekspresi CD44 pada karsinoma mukoepidermoid berhubungan dengan derajat keganasan.

 

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Background: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignancy in salivary gland. The prognosis correlates with its histological grading. Cancer stem cell (CSC) is predicted to have a role in pathogenesis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, thus it make resistent to various therapy. CD44 is one of stem cell (SC) marker that expressed in salivary gland and seemed to be increased in mucopidermoid carcinoma. However, prognostic role of CD44 in malignancy still controversy.

Method: This is a cross sectionsl study. Samples consist of 34 cases from Anatomical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Ciptomangunkusumo General Hospital in 2012 until 2017. CD44 staining was done and calculated wih H-score method. Then, the samples is catagorized into negative/weak expression and strong expresion.

Result: The result showed that CD44 expression associate significantly with histological grading (p=0,006). Strong expression is found more in low grade and negative/weak expresion is found more in high grade.

Conclusion: CD44 expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma associates with histological grade.

Keyword: mucoepidermoid carcinoma, histological grade, cancer stem cell, CD44.

 

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"ABSTRAKBiomarka untuk memprediksi metastasis KGB lokoregional sampai saat ini belum akurat.Angka metastasis tersamar pada karsinoma laring bervariasi yaitu 165%. Dibutuhkanbiomarka tumor yang dapat memberikan informasi adanya metastasis KGB lokoregionalpada pasien KSS laring stadium lanjut tanpa keterlibatan KGB lokoregional (N0), sehinggadiharapkan menjadi acuan untuk dilakukan diseksi leher selektif. Beberapa biomarka yangberhubungan dengan agresivitas dan prediksi metastasis yaitu Epidermal Growth FactorReceptor (EGFR), Matrix Metallo-proteinase (MMP)-9, Tissue Inhibitor Metallproteinase(TIMP)-1, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Epithel Calcium Adhesi (Ekaderin)dan kolagen tipe IV serta HPV dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi luaran padastatus pasien tumor dengan dan tanpa metastasis.Penelitian ini ingin memeriksa peran infeksi HPV sebagai faktor onkogenesis dankejadian metastasis KGB leher pada keganasan laring berdasarkan biomarka sebagaipenetapan diagnosis metastasis KGB lokoregional.Dilakukan Cross-sectional, double blind study dengan pengumpulan data sekunder darirekam medis di Departemen THT-KL FKUI-RSCM. Pemeriksaan ekspresi biomarkadan status HPV dilakukan terhadap jaringan berupa blok parafin dari pasien karsinomalaring Ekspresi biomarka dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan imunohistokimia, dan identifikasivirus HPV dengan nested PCR, dilanjutkan dengan flow-through hybridization.Didapatkan proporsi HPV KSS laring sebanyak 28,7% dengan infeksi HPV risiko tinggisebanyak 9,15% dan HPV 16 merupakan tipe yang terbanyak. Analisis multivariatMantel-Haenszel didapatkan ekspresi tinggi biomarka EGFR, MMP-9 dan VEGFberperan terhadap kejadian metastasis KGB pada KSS laring stadium lanjut tanpainfeksi HPV dengan OR 3,38; 5,14. Keadaan tersebut tidak berperan lagi bila terdapatinfeksi HPV Dari penelitian ini didapatkan suatu algoritma penatalaksanaan KSS laringstadium lanjut khususnya untuk penentuan tatalaksana diseksi leher pada N0.Infeksi HPV didapati pada KSS laring stadium lanjut, HPV 16 merupakan tipe HPVyang terbanyak. Biomarka penanda metastasis didapatkan pada EGFR; MMP-9; VEGFdengan kekuatan 2;1;6.

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ABSTRACTBiomarkers to predict locoregional lymph nodes metastasis is not yet accurate untilnow. The number of occult metastasis in laryngeal carcinoma varies between 165%.A tumor biomarker that can give information on the existence of locoregional lymphnode involvement in patients with or without signs of clinical locoregional lymph nodeinvolvement, as guidelines whether selective neck dissection is needed in N0 cases. Forpatients that need additional treatment biomarkers that are correlated with aggresivityand metastasis prediction such as EGFR, MMP-9, TIMP-1, VGEF, E-cadherin, collagenType IV and HPV are also needed to predict the outcome of patients with or withoutlymph node metastasis.This study aimed to investigate the evidence of HPV infection in laryngeal carcinomaand the role of biomarkers EGFR, MMP-9, TIMP-1, VEGF, E-cadherin and collagentype IV, in a late stadium laryngeal SCC observed clinically, especially in N0 and alsoto predict diagnosis of a locoregional lymph node that has potential for metastasis.Cross-sectional, double blind study with planned data collection was performed in theDepartment of ENT FKUI-RSCM. Data were taken from Formalin Fixed ParaffinEmbedded (FFPE) of laryngeal cancer specimen after laryngectomies. Samples wereanalysed by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and continuous flow-throughhybridizationed for genotyping. Expression of EGFR, MMP-9, TIMP-1, VEGF, Ecadherin,and collagen Type IV as metastasis biomarker were evaluated byimmunohistochemistry.Overall HPV proportion in laryngeal cancer was 28.7%. A total of 9,15% laryngealcancer patients were infected with high risk HPV type and HPV 16 was the mostfrequently observed. Mantel-Haenszel multivariate analysis found that HPV infection didnot play role in neck metastasis eventhough there were positive evidence of metastasisbiomarker. In contrast, the absent of HPV infection, positif metastasis biomarker of EGFRand VEGF have risk for neck nodes metastasis with OR 3.38; 5.14 fold consecutively.The algorithm was formed from the PM model to determine the metastasis potential tolocoregional lymph nodes of late stadium laryngeal SCC with N0.HPV was found to be the oncogenic factor of the laryngeal SCC and HPV 16 was themost frequently observed type in laryngeal SCC. Biomarkers to predict locoregionallymph nodes metastasis are EGFR; VEGF with strenght 2;1;6."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel skuamosa (KSS) lidah merupakan kanker rongga mulut (KRM) yang paling banyak ditemukan. Diseksi leher dikerjakan bersamaan dengan eksisi luas tumor karena tingginya angka occult metastasis yaitu sebesar 30% pada kelenjar getah bening (KGB) leher yang secara yang klinis tidak teraba (N0). Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya penanda epitelial E-cadherin dan penanda sel punca kanker CD44 dapat digunakan sebagai alat diagnostik prabedah untuk mengidentifikasi pasien yang mengalami metastasis KGB sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu modalitas yang membantu ahli bedah dalam mengambil keputusan tipe diseksi leher yang akan dikerjakan agar memberikan manfaat terbaik bagi pasien. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ekspresi E-cadherin dan CD44 dengan metastasis KGB leher pada KSS lidah. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan desain studi potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara consecutive sampling sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kriteria inklusi adalah pasien KSS lidah tanpa metastasis jauh, dilakukan operasi eksisi luas tumor dan diseksi KGB leher, dan blok parafin yang layak diperiksa. Data sosiodemografi dan klinikopatologis diambil dari rekam medis. Pewarnaan imunohistokimia dengan E-cadherin dan CD44 dilakukan pada jaringan KSS lidah yang sudah terdapat di blok parafin tersimpan kemudian tingkat ekspresi E-cadherin dan CD44 dikelompokkan menjadi tinggi dan rendah sesuai kepustakaan. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan program SPSS 24.0. Hasil: Didapatkan 30 dengan 15 subjek KSS lidah dengan metastasis KGB dan 15 subjek tanpa metastasis KGB. Dari analisis data, didapatkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi E-cadherin dengan metastasis KGB (p=0.000) dan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara CD44 dengan metastasis KGB (p=0.003). Kesimpulan: Ekspresi E-cadherin yang rendah dan CD44 yang tinggi memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan metastasis KGB pada KSS lidah.

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Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is the most common oral cavity cancer. Neck dissection was done simultaneously with wide excision of the tumor because of occult metastases high rate (about 30%) in clinically non-palpable neck lymph nodes (N0). Based on previous research, the epithelial marker E-cadherin and cancer stem cell marker CD44 could be used as pre-surgical diagnostic tools to identify patients who have lymph node metastases so that it could be a modality that helps surgeons in making decisions about neck dissection type to be performed to provide the best benefit for patients. Objective: To evaluate the association between E-cadherin and CD44 expressions and neck lymph node metastasis in SCC of the tongue. Methods: This research was an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken through consecutive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were patients with SCC of the tongue without distant metastases, post wide excision of the tumor with neck lymph node dissection, and eligible paraffin block for examination. Sociodemographic and clinicopathological data were obtained from medical records. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed with E-cadherin and CD44 from stored paraffin blocks, then the expression levels of E-cadherin and CD44 were grouped into high and low according to the literature. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS 24.0. Results: Thirty samples of SCC of tongue were collected, consist of 15 subject with neck lymph node metastasis tongue and 15 subject without neck lymph node metastasis. From data analysis, a significant difference was found between E-cadherin and CD44 expressions with neck lymph node metastasis (p value was 0.000 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Low expression of E-cadherin and high expression of CD44 was significantly associated with the occurence of neck lymph node metastasis in SCC of the tongue."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Karsinoma papiler tiroid KPT merupakan 85-90 dari seluruhkanker tiroid. KPT adalah tumor epitel folikel ganas yang menunjukkan diferensiasisel folikular disertai perubahan inti dan/ atau pembentukan struktur papiler. Siklin D1dapat digunakan sebagai penanda invasi sel tumor. Tujuan penelitian inimembandingkan ekspresi siklin D1 pada kelompok KPT tanpa metastasis, KPTdengan metastasis ke kelenjar getah bening KGB leher, dan KPT dengan metastasistulang.Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode potong lintang. Sampel terdiri atas 13kasus untuk masing-masing kelompok KPT tanpa metastasis, KPT dengan metastasisKGB leher, dan KPT dengan metastasis tulang. Dilakukan pulasan siklin D1 danpenilaian pulasan berdasarkan intensitas dan jumlah inti sel yang terpulas. Dilakukanpenghitungan histoscore dan persentase setiap kasus. Hasil penghitungandikelompokkan menjadi derajat satu yaitu hasil kurang dari 10 , derajat dua yaituhasil 10-50 , dan derajat tiga yaitu lebih dari 50.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pulasan siklin D1 derajat tigaditemukan pada sebagian besar kelompok KPT dengan metastasis tulang dan tidakditemukan pada KPT tanpa metastasis. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antaraekspresi siklin D1 pada kelompok KPT tanpa metastasis, kelompok KPT denganmetastasis KGB leher, dan KPT dengan metastasis tulang interval kepercayaan 95 0,01-0,74; p

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ABSTRACT

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma PTC represents 85 of all thyroidcancer. PTC is a malignant epithelial tumor showing evidence of folliculardifferentiation and characterized by distinctive nuclear features with or withoutpapillary structures. Cyclin D1 can be used as a marker of tumor cell invasion. Theaim of the study was to compare expression of cyclin D1 in PTC without metastasisgroup, PTC with neck lymph node metastasis, and PTC with distant metastasis.

Methods: This was cross sectional study. Samples consist of 13 cases for each groupPTC without metastasis, PTC with neck lymph node metastasis, and PTC with distantmetastasis stained with cyclin D1 antibody. Quantification was based on the intensityand distribution of nuclear staining. The appraisal was done with estimatinghistoscore and percentage. Calculation result was graded as follows grade one isfewer than 10 of tumor cells, grade two is 10 50 , and grade three is more than50.

Results: The result of the study shows that grade three of cyclin D1 staining found inmajority cases of PTC with distant metastasis and not found in PTC withoutmetastasis. There is a significant differences of cyclin D1 expression among group ofPTC without metastasis, PTC with neck lymph node metastasis, and PTC with distantmetastasis 95 confidence interval 0,01 0,74 p."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Karsinoma papiler tiroid (KPT) merupakan keganasan terseringorgan endokrin dengan prognosis yang sangat baik, namun pada beberapa kasusdapat terjadi rekurensi dan mortalitas. Beberapa faktor prognostik dan mutasi Btyperapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma V600E (BRAF V600E) dikatakanberhubungan dengan prognosis yang lebih buruk. Pemeriksaan imunohistokimiaprotein BRAF V600E dipercaya dapat mendeteksi adanya mutasi denganspesifisitas 100% dan sensitivitas 89%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahuiimunoekspresi BRAF V600E dan hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor prognostik.Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif, desain deskriptifanalitik studi potong lintang. Sampel penelitian berasal dari RSCM berjumlah 50kasus KPT yang dinilai ulang untuk menentukan faktor-faktor prognostik secaramikroskopik. Pemeriksaaan mutasi BRAF V600E menggunakan tehnikimunohistokimia dan penilaian menggunakan H score.Hasil: Nilai H score ³ 326,5 ditentukan sebagai mutasi BRAF V600E positif dan< 326,5 sebagai mutasi BRAF V600E negatif. Terdapat 17 (34%) kasus positifmengalami mutasi BRAF V600E. Rerata usia pada kasus dengan mutasi BRAF V600Epositif adalah 44,71 tahun. Ukuran tumor pada kasus dengan mutasi BRAF V600E positifberkisar antara 0,1-4cm. Tujuh belas kasus yang mengalami mutasi, 6 dlaki-laki dan 11perempuan. Tujuh kasus dengan perluasan keluar tiroid, 11 kasus dengan metastasiskelenjar getah bening (KGB), dan 8 kasus dengan varian histopatologik tall cell.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara mutasi BRAF V600E denganperluasan keluar tiroid, metastasis kelenjar getah bening (KGB), dan varianhistopatologik tall cell. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara mutasi BRAFV600E dengan usia, jenis kelamin, dan ukuran tumor.

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ABSTRACTBackgroud: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignantneoplasm of the endocrine organ with an excellent prognosis, but in some casespresent with recurrency and mortality. There are prognostic factors and BRAFV600E mutation that related to worse prognosis. Immunohistochemicalinvestigetion of BRAF V600E protein believe can detect mutation wth 100%specificity and 89% sensitivity. Recent study suggest PTC with BRAF V600Emutation do thyroidectomy with prophylactic lymph node dissection. BRAFV600E specific inhibitor effective to the patient with advance stadium, patientwith metastases, and resistant to iodium radioactive. Aim of this study is to obtainBRAF V600E and the relation with prognostic factors.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytic crosssectionalstudy. Fifty patient with PTC comes from Ciptomangunkusumo Hospitaland reviewed to determine prognostic factors microscopicaly. BRAF V600Emutation detected by immunohistochemical staining and assesed with H score.Result: H score ³ 326,5 determined as positive BRAF V600E mutation and <326,5 as negative BRAF V600E mutation. BRAF V600E mutation was detectedin 17 (34%) cases by immunohistochemistry. The mean age of the cases withpositive BRAF V600E mutation was 44.71 years, while the negative 41.58. Thesize of the tumor in cases with BRAF V600E mutation positive range between0,1-4cm, while negative 0,1-9cm. Seventeen cases have mutations, 6 of them sexmale and 11 female. Seven cases with extrathyroidal extension (ETE), 11 caseswith lymph node metastasis (KGB), and 8 cases with tall cell variant.Conclusion: There are significant correlation between BRAF V600E mutationwith extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, and tall cell variant. Thereare no significant correlation between BRAF V600E mutation with age, gender,and size of the tumor, Backgroud: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignantneoplasm of the endocrine organ with an excellent prognosis, but in some casespresent with recurrency and mortality. There are prognostic factors and BRAFV600E mutation that related to worse prognosis. Immunohistochemicalinvestigetion of BRAF V600E protein believe can detect mutation wth 100%specificity and 89% sensitivity. Recent study suggest PTC with BRAF V600Emutation do thyroidectomy with prophylactic lymph node dissection. BRAFV600E specific inhibitor effective to the patient with advance stadium, patientwith metastases, and resistant to iodium radioactive. Aim of this study is to obtainBRAF V600E and the relation with prognostic factors.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive-analytic crosssectionalstudy. Fifty patient with PTC comes from Ciptomangunkusumo Hospitaland reviewed to determine prognostic factors microscopicaly. BRAF V600Emutation detected by immunohistochemical staining and assesed with H score.Result: H score ³ 326,5 determined as positive BRAF V600E mutation and <326,5 as negative BRAF V600E mutation. BRAF V600E mutation was detectedin 17 (34%) cases by immunohistochemistry. The mean age of the cases withpositive BRAF V600E mutation was 44.71 years, while the negative 41.58. Thesize of the tumor in cases with BRAF V600E mutation positive range between0,1-4cm, while negative 0,1-9cm. Seventeen cases have mutations, 6 of them sexmale and 11 female. Seven cases with extrathyroidal extension (ETE), 11 caseswith lymph node metastasis (KGB), and 8 cases with tall cell variant.Conclusion: There are significant correlation between BRAF V600E mutationwith extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastases, and tall cell variant. Thereare no significant correlation between BRAF V600E mutation with age, gender,and size of the tumor]"

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Penentuan faktor risiko metastasis kelenjar getah bening dan prognosis pasien Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa (KSS) penis tidak sebanyak KSS pada organ lain. Penggunaan parameter patologik, ekpresi p53 dan Ki67 dapat digunakan sebagai variabel penentu prognosis maupun terapi KSS penis namun masih diperlukan data yang lebih banyak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara ekspresi p53 dan Ki67 terhadap parameter histopatologik yang mempengaruhi risiko metastasis.Bahan dan Cara: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan melakukan pulasan imunohistokimia p53 (Novocastra DO-7) dan Ki67 (Biocare CRM 325) pada 25 sampel KSS penis.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 positif ditemukan pada 48% KSS penis dan ekspresi Ki67 tinggi ditemukan pada 52% kasus. Tidak temukan hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi p53 dan parameter-parameter histopatologik. Didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara ekspresi Ki67 terhadap derajat diferensiasi tumor dan adanya invasi uretra.Kesimpulan: Ekspresi p53 tidak dapat digunakan sebagai faktor prediktif risiko metastasis KSS penis. Ekspresi Ki67 secara sebagian berhubungan dengan faktor risiko metastasis KSS penis.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Determination of lymph node metastasis risk factors and prognosis of patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC) of the penis is not as much as SCC in other organs. Pathological parameters, expression of p53 and Ki67 could be used as a determinants of prognosis and therapy in SCC of the penis but more data is still needed. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the expression of p53 and Ki67 to histopathological parameters that affect the risk of metastasis.Methode: This study was a cross-sectional study by using immunohistochemical staining of p53 (Novocastra DO-7) and Ki67 (Biocare CRM 325) in 25 samples of SCC of the penisResult: Expression of p53positive was found in 48% of SCC of the penis and higher expression of Ki67f was found in 52% of cases. No significant association between p53 expression and histopathologic parameters. Obtained significant correlation between the expression of Ki67 on the degree of tumor differentiation and invasion urethra.Conclusion: P53 expression can not be used as a predictive factor of risk metastatic in SCC of the penis. Ki67 expression is partially associated with risk factors for metastatic SCC of the penis."

"ABSTRAKLatar Belakang:Pada KKR, miofibroblas merupakan komponen sel utama dalam stroma desmoplastik yang memiliki peran penting dalam proses metastasis. Persentase antara karsinoma dengan stroma desmoplastik dikenal sebagai Carcinoma Percentage CP berperan sebagai independent predictor metastasis. D2-40/ Podoplanin PDPN dikenal sebagai marker spesifikLymphatic Endothelial Cell LEC , digunakan untuk menilai Lymphatic Microvessel Density LMVD danLymphatic Vessel Invasion LVI . Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui korelasi dan hubungan CP, LMVD dan LVI dengan metastasis sel tumor ke kelenjar getah bening KGB .Bahan dan Metode:Dilakukan penilaian CP terhadap 44 sampel adenokarsinoma Not Otherwise Specified NOS kolorektal dan pulasan D2-40/Podoplanin untuk menilai LMVD dan LVI. Uji statistik dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara CP dan LMVD, serta hubungan antara CP, LVI serta metastasis KGB.Hasil:Terdapat korelasi kuat antara CP dan LMVD area intratumoral dan peritumoral dengan arah korelasi negatif. Terdapat hubungan bermakna p=0,00 antara LMVD area intratumoral dan area peritumoral dengan adanya LVI. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara LVI dengan kejadian metastasis KGB p=0,03 . Area intratumoral menunjukkan hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian metastasis KGB nilai p=0,04 , sedangkan area peritumoral tidak menunjukkan hubungan bermakna nilai p=0,17 .Kesimpulan:Pemeriksaan CP pada sediaan histopatologi dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi tinggi/rendahnya kejadian metastasis sel tumor ke KGB, didasarkan adanya korelasi kuat antara CP dan LMVD. Kata kunci:Carcinoma Percentage, Lymphatic Microvessel Density, Lymphatic Vessel Invasion, Lymphatic Endothelial Cell

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ABSTRACTBackground In CRC, myofibroblast are the main component cells in tumour stroma which have an important role in the metastases process. The precentage between carcinoma and desmoplastic stroma known as Carcinoma Percentage CP , can be used as an independent predictor metastases. D2 40 Podoplanin PDPN known as a spesific marker forLymphatic Endothelial Cell LEC , which used to assess Lymphatic Microvessel Density LMVD and Lymphatic Vessel Invasion LVI . This study aims to determine correlation and association between CP, LMVD and LVI with the metastases process to lymph node LN .Materials and Methods CP assessment conducted on 44 samples of adenocarcinoma Not Otherwise Specified NOS colorectal and examination D2 40 Podoplanin to assess LMVD and LVI. The statistical test is performed to find the correlation between CP and LMVD, as well as the relationship between CP, LVI and metastasis KGB.Result There were a strong correlation between CP and LMVD intratumoral and peritumoral area with the negative correlation. There were a significant association p 0,00 between LMVD intratumoral and peritumoral area with the LVI. There was a significant association between LVI and lymph node metastases p 0,03 . Intratumoral area showed significant association with lymph node metastases nilai p 0,04 , whereas peritumoral area showed no significant association nilai p 0,17 .Conclusion CP examination in histopathology specimen can be used to predict high low rate of tumour cells metastases to the lymph node, based on a strong correlation between CP and LMVD. "

"ABSTRAKPada makalah ini akan dikemukakan pengobatan radiasi pada karsinoma prostat, dengan suatu laporan retrospektif pengeobatan radiasi pada pasien yang dikirim ke Unit Radioterapi RSCM/FKUI selama periode Januari 1982 sampai dengan Desember 1986.Kesimpulannya adalah: (1). Penderita karsinoma prostat yang datang berobat ke Subbagian Radioterapi RSCM/FKUI pada umumnya sudah berada pada stadium lanjut, (2). Limfografi penting bukan saja untuk diagnostik tetapi juga dalam hal penanganan terapi, (3). Pengobatan radiasi yang diberikan pada karsinoma prostat umumnya merupakan radiasi pasca bedah, (3). Perlu disusun protokol pengobatan karsinoma prostat."

"Incidences of pancreatic cancer worldwide have been known to be increased. It is the fifth leading cause of death in United State of America.Seventy percent accourts in the head of the pancreas...."