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"Indonesia memiliki banyak daerah yang berpotensi panas bumi yang perlu ditelusuri dan dikembangkan. Daerah yang berpotensi panas bumi di Indonesia salah satunya terletak di Gunung Arjuno-Welirang, Provinsi Jawa Timur, yang merupakan daerah gunung api muda berumur Kuarter (Utama dkk., 2012). Penelitian ini berfokus dalam memperkirakan persebaran daerah prospek panas bumi di Gunung Arjuno-Welirang dengan menganalisis serta mengintegrasi beberapa metode penginderaan jauh yang meliputi LST, NDVI, dan FFD. Metode ini diolah pada data citra Landsat-8 dan DEM serta didukung juga oleh data geologi dan manifestasi permukaan. Selain itu, dilakukan juga evaluasi daerah prospek tersebut untuk mengetahui kondisi sistem panas bumi dan kondisi permukaannya yang ditentukan berdasarkan analisis aspek 3G (geologi, geokimia, dan geofisika) dari penelitian terdahulu serta analisis dari metode penginderaan jauh, sehingga dapat ditentukan tingkat kelayakan daerah tersebut untuk dapat dieksplorasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa daerah prospek panas bumi di kompleks Gunung Arjuno-Welirang ditentukan pada dua tempat, yaitu prospek A dengan koordinat UTM 669207 - 671925 mE dan 9149510 - 9151370 mN serta memiliki luas sekitar 549,912 hektar, dan prospek B dengan koordinat UTM 668347 – 669687 mE dan 9142730 - 9144840 mN serta memiliki luas sekitar 272,17 hektar. Evaluasi daerah prospek panas bumi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi sistem panas bumi sudah lengkap dan terletak dekat dengan daerah prospek serta kondisi permukaan dengan akses wilayah yang mudah dan tidak mengganggu daerah hutan. Secara keseluruhan, daerah prospek ini sudah cukup layak untuk eksplorasi panas bumi lebih lanjut.

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Indonesia has many areas with geothermal potential that need to be explored and developed. One of the areas that have geothermal potential in Indonesia is located on Mount Arjuno-Welirang, East Java Province, which is a young volcanic area of Quaternary age (Utama et al., 2012). This study focuses on estimating the dist ribution of geothermal prospect areas on Mount Arjuno-Welirang by analyzing and integrating several remote sensing methods including LST, NDVI, and FFD. This method is processed on Landsat-8 and DEM image data and is also supported by geological data and surface manifestations. In addition, an evaluation of the prospect area was also carried out to determine the condition of the geothermal system and its surface conditions which were determined based on the analysis of 3G aspects (geology, geochemistry, and geophysics) from previous studies as well as analysis of remote sensing methods, so that the feasibility level for exploration in that area could be determined. The results of this study indicate that the geothermal prospect area in the Mount Arjuno-Welirang complex is determined in two places, namely prospect A with UTM coordinates of 669207 - 671925 mE and 9149510 - 9151370 mN and has an area of about 549,912 hectares, and prospect B with UTM coordinates of 668347 - 669687 mE and 9142730 - 9144840 mN and has an area of about 272.17 hectares. Evaluation of the geothermal prospect area shows that the condition of the geothermal system is complete and is located close to the prospect area as well as surface conditions with easy area access and does not interfere with forest areas. Overall, this prospect area is worthy enough for further geothermal exploration."

"Daerah prospek panasbumi Arjuno-Welirang terletak di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Kota Batu. Daerah prospek ini berada di lingkungan geologi yang didominasi oleh batuan vulkanik berumur Kuarter. Manifestasi permukaan yang terdapat di daerah prospek ini berupa fumarol ? Solfatar yang terletak di puncak Gunung Welirang serta mata air panas yang berada di sebelah barat dan baratlaut Gunung Welirang. Mata air panas ini bertipe bicarbonate, dengan suhu berkisar antara 39,4 ? 55 0C. Dari hasil perhitungan geothermometer Na-K, suhu reservoir area prospek ini sekitar 310-314 0C. Untuk mengetahui informasi bawah permukaan daerah prospek panasbumi Arjuno-Welirang, dilakukan survey magnetotelurik. Selanjutnya hasil dari data MT akan di integrasikan dengan data geologi dan geokimia. Data magnetotelurik diolah dari time-series data hingga mendapatkan kurva resistivitas versus frekuensi, dan fase, lalu dilakukan filtering, rotasi dan koreksi static shift untuk mendapatkan kurva MT yang lebih representatif. Selanjutnya dilakukan inversi 2-dimensi dan divisualisasikan secara 3-dimensi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan lapisan konduktif (<15 ohm-m) dengan ketebalan sekitar 1 km, diindikasikan sebagai clay cap dari sistem panasbumi. Lapisan yang berada di bawah clay cap dengan nilai resistivitas sedikit lebih tinggi (>30 ohm-m), diindikasikan sebagai zona reservoir. Updome shape dengan nilai resistivitas yang tinggi (±1000 ohm-m), mengindikasikan hot rock, yang berada di bawah Gunung Welirang dan masih meluas kearah Selatan dan Tenggara. Model konseptual dibuat dengan mengintegrasikan data MT, geologi dan geokimia, sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan pengeboran eksplorasi.

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Arjuno-Welirang geothermal prospect area is located in the district of Malang, Mojokerto, Pasuruan, dan Batu Town. The prospect area is located in the geological environment that is dominated by Quaternary volcanic rocks. Surface manifestations occurred in this prospect area are fumaroles-solfatara found on the top of Mount Welirang and hot springs located on the West and Northwest of Mount Welirang. These hot springs are bicarbonate types, with temperature range between 39.4 to 55 0C.

From the calculation of Na-K geothermometer, the temperature of the reservoir is about 310-314 0C. To understand the subsurface information of the Arjuno-Welirang geothermal prospect for further development, a magnetotelluric survey was carried out. The result was then integrated with geological and geochemical data. The Magnetotelluric data was processed from the time-series data to obtain resistivity and phase versus frequency. Further processing were filtering, rotation and static shift correction to obtain a more representative MT curve. The final processing was two-dimensional inversion and 3-D visualization.

The results show a conductive layer (<15 ohm-m) with a thickness of about 1 km, indicating a clay cap of the geothermal system. A slighty higher resistivity values (>30 ohm-m) is found below the clay cap, indicating as reservoir zone. An updome shape of high resistivity zone (± 1000 ohm-m) is encountered below the indicated reservoir zone. This resistive zone indicating the hot rock is located below the Mount Welirang cone and is still expanding towards the south and southeast. A conceptual model of the geothermal system was then developed on the basis of the MT data, integrated with geological and geochemical data. This model could be used for a guidance in conducting exploration drilling."

"Daerah prospek panasbumi Arjuno - Welirang berada di wilayah Kabupaten Malang, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Kabupaten Pasuruan dan Kota Batu. Geologi daerah ini didominasi oleh batuan vulkanik berumur Kuarter. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada metode gayaberat untuk mengetahui struktur bawah permukaan. Manifestasi permukaan yang ada di daerah ini berupa fumarol yang terletak di puncak Gunung welirang dan juga mata air panas di sebelah barat dan baratlaut Gunung Welirang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya lapisan clay cap, reservoar dan juga batuan panas yang berbentuk updome yang berada dibawah Gunung Welirang. Dengan mengintegrasikan data geologi, geokimia dan juga geofisika maka model konseptual dari sistem panasbumi Arjuno Welirang bisa kita buat dengan menggabungkan ketiga data tersebut.

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Arjuno – Welirang geothermal prospect area is located in the Regency of Malang, Regency of Mojokerto, Regency of Pasuruan, and Batu City. This prospect has a geological area dominated by Kuartery volcanic rocks. This study focuses on gravity method to determine the subsurface structure. Surfcace manifestations in the form of fumaroles of this area is located on a Mountain top Welirang and hot springs in the west and northwest of Mount welirang. This result indicate the presence of a layer of clay cap, reservoir, and also indicate the presence of hot

rock shaped updome under Mount Welirang. Integrate data with geological, geochemical, and geophisical well as conceptual model of a geothermal system Arjuno – Welirang we can make by combining the three data."

"[Daerah prospek panas bumi Gunung Arjuno dan Gunung Welirang berada pada jalur vulkanik yang dikenal dengan jalur ring of fire, yaitu rentetan gunung api, baik yang aktif, maupun gunung api yang tidak aktif. Gunung tersebut berasosiasidengan pembentukan sistem panas bumi yang ditandai dengan kemunculan manifestasi yang terdiri dari mata air panas Padusan, Coban dan Cangar serta adanya fumarol yang terdapat di komplek Gunung Welirang. Dari hasil perhitungan geothermometer daerah prospek panas bumi Gunung Arjuno danGunung Welirang memiliki temperatur 250o C dan masuk dalam kategori high temperature (>225 oC). Untuk mengetahui batas, kedalaman, dan geometri dari reservoir yang ada, dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode Magnetotellurik (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) dan gaya berat. Dari hasil pengukurantersebut, dilakukan pemodelan pada 138 data MT, 103 data TDEM dan 253 data gaya berat. Selanjutnya hasil pemodelan dianalisa dengan menggunakan penampang 1 dimensi, 2 dimensi dan visualisasi 3 dimensi. Karakteristik reservoir berada pada kisaran 10-30 Ohm-m dengan nilai densitas rata-rata 2.2gr/cc dan menghasilkan prospek panas Gunung Arjuno dan Gunung Welirang sekitar 40 km2 dengan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan untuk pembangkit tenaga listrik sebesar 140 MWe, rekomendasi penentuan titik bor eksplorasi berada di 2 km baratlaut dari komplek Gunung Welirang.

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The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of 250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30 Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g/CC3 to generate hot prospects Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.;The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang., The geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Mount Welirang is on track

which is known as volcanic ring of fire, which is a series of volcanoes, both active

and inactive volcanoes. The mountain is associated with the formation of

geothermal systems that are characterized by the appearance of manifestations

consisting of Padusan, Coban and Cangar hot springs and their fumaroles located

in Mount Welirang complex. From the calculation geothermometer, the

geothermal prospect areas Mount Arjuno and Welirang has a temperature of

250°C and in the category of high temperature (190 oC-236 oC). To determine the

boundary, the depth, and the geometry of the existing reservoir, measured by the

method of magnetotelluric (MT), Time Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) and

gravity. From the results of these measurements, modeling performed on the 138

MT data, 103 TDEM data and 253 gravity data. Furthermore, the modeling results

were analyzed using 1 dimensional cross-section, 2 dimensional and 3

dimensional visualization. The position of the reservoir is in the range of 10-30

Ohm-m with an average density value 2.2 g / CC3 to generate hot prospects

Mt.Arjuno and Mount Welirang approximately 40 km2. with potential developed

for power plants of 140 MWe, recommendations exploration drill point

determination located at 3km north-west of the mountain complex Mount

Welirang.]"

"ABSTRAKMengetahui nilai land surface temperature (LST) merupakan hal penting dalam eksplorasi geotermal. Pengukuran LST secara manual akan memakan waktu yang lama dan biaya yang besar. Penggunaan metode thermal infrared remote sensing untuk mencari nilai LST akan memakan waktu yang lebih cepat dan biaya yang sedikit. Data yang digunakan berasal dari satelit Landsat 8 dengan sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI) dan Thermal Infrared (TIRS). Dari data OLI akan didapatkan nilai emisivitas sementara dari data TIRS akan didapatkan nilai brightness temperature. Dengan menggunakan metode split-window algorithm, nilai LST bisa diketahui dari nilai emisivitas dan brightness temperature. Nilai LST yang didapat pada penelitian ini berada pada range nilai 14oC hingga 45oC. Nilai LST semakin meningkat apabila terdapat sesar yang berasosiasi dengan sistem geotermal. Nilai LST juga semakin meningkat apabila base of conductor semakin dekat dengan permukaan bumi. Nilai LST yang sudah didapatkan kemudian dipadukan dengan data geologi, geokimia, dan magnetotelurik sehingga menghasilkan model konseptual.

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ABSTRACTKnowing the value of land surface temperature (LST) is important in geothermal exploration. LST measurements manually would take a long time and costly. The use of thermal infrared remote sensing method to find the value of LST will take faster and cost less. The data used are from the satellite Landsat 8 with sensor Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared (TIRS). From data OLI, will be obtained the value of emissivity while from data TIRS, will be obtained the value of brightness temperature. By using a split-window algorithm, the value of LST can be known from the value of emissivity and brightness temperature. LST value obtained in this study are in the range of values 14oC to 45oC. LST value increase if there is a fault associated with a geothermal system. LST value also increased when the base of conductor closer to the earth?s surface. LST value that has been obtained is then combined with geological, geochemical, and magnetotelluric data resulting conceptual model.;"

"Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi sangat besar dalam bidang panas bumi. Salah satu daerah yang berpotensi panas bumi yaitu berada di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini berfokus dalam memperkirakan persebaran daerah prospek panas bumi di daerah Brebes dengan melakukan analisis dan integrasi beberapa metode penginderaan jauh yang meliputi LST, NDVI, dan FFD. Metode ini diolah pada data citra Landsat-8 dan DEM serta didukung oleh data lapangan berupa data geologi dan manifestasi permukaan. Selain itu, dilakukan juga evaluasi daerah prospek panas bumi untuk mengetahui kondisi sistem panas bumi dan kondisi permukaannya yang ditentukan berdasarkan analisis aspek 3G (Geologi, Geofisika, dan Geokimia) dari penelitian terdahulu, sehingga dapat ditentukan tingkat kelayakan daerah tersebut untuk di eksplorasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat dua daerah prospek panas bumi di daerah Brebes, yaitu prospek A yang terletak pada koordinat UTM 269690 – 271040 mE, dan 9197903-9199163 mN serta luas 165 Hektar, dan prospek B yang terletak pada koordinat UTM 280224-281083 mE, dan 9188823-9190237 mN serta luas 115 Hektar. Evaluasi daerah prospek panas bumi menunjukkan kondisi sistem panas bumi sudah lengkap dan terletak dekat dengan daerah prospek serta kondisi permukaan dengan akses yang mudah dan tidak mengganggu daerah hutan. Secara keseluruhan, daerah prospek ini sudah cukup layak untuk eksplorasi panas bumi lebih lanjut.

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Indonesia is a country that has enormous potential in the geothermal sector. One area that has geothermal potential is located in Brebes Regency, Central Java. This research focuses on estimating the distribution of geothermal prospect areas in the Brebes area by analyzing and integrating several remote sensing methods which include LST, NDVI, and FFD. This method is processed on Landsat-8 and DEM image data and is supported by field data in the form of geological data and surface manifestations. In addition, an evaluation of the geothermal prospect area was also carried out to determine the condition of the geothermal system and surface conditions which were determined based on an analysis of the 3G aspects (Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry) from previous studies, so that the level of feasibility of the area for exploration could be determined. The results of this study indicate that there are two geothermal prospect areas in the Brebes area, namely prospect A which is located at UTM coordinates 269690 – 271040 mE, and 9197903 – 9199163 mN and an area of 165 hectares, and prospect B which is located at UTM coordinates 280224-281083 mE, and 9188823-9190237 mN and an area of 115 hectares. Evaluation of the geothermal prospect area shows that the condition of the geothermal system is complete and is located close to the prospect area as well as surface conditions with easy access to the area and does not disturb forest areas. Overall, this prospect area is quite feasible for further geothermal exploration.

 

"

"Panas Bumi merupakan salah satu sumber energi alternatif yang memiliki potensi cukup baik di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah dua hal yaitu: mengetahui apakah kondisi reservoir panas bumi sesuai dengan standar pemanfaatan energi panas bumi, dan mengetahui apakah permeabilitas cukup baik untuk aliran fluida panas bumi. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Gou, Kabupaten Ngada, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Metode pengolahan data yang akan digunakan terfokus pada analisa geokimia air dan penginderaan jauh. Berdasarkan kondisi kerapatan kelurusan yang merupakan hasil analisa penginderaan jauh, wilayah penelitian memiliki zona permeabilitas yang baik. . Berdasarkan kondisi suhu permukaan dengan metode LST dan indeks vegetasi dengan metode NDVI yang merupakan hasil analisa penginderaan jauh, wilayah penelitian memiliki rentang suhu 6˚ C sampai 37˚ C, dengan tingkatan indeks vegetasi dari vegetasi rendah sampai vegetasi sedang. Berdasarkan kondisi fluida hidrotermal hasil analisa geokimia air menjelaskan bahwa tipe air panas bumi pada wilayah penelitian merupakan air sulfat-klorida dan air bikarbonat. Sumber air panas diinterpretasikan dari satu reservoir dengan zonasi terbagi menjadi zona upflow dan outflow. Kondisi kematangan dan kesetimbangan air pada wilayah penelitian merupakan immature waters dengan perkiraan mengalami pengenceran dengan air meteorik. Hasil analisa baik untuk penginderaan jauh ataupun geokimia air menunjukkan bahwa prospek pada wilayah penelitian cukup baik dan dapat dilakukan investigasi atau eksplorasi lebih lanjut.

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Geothermal is one of the alternative energy sources that has quite good potential in Indonesia. The purpose of the study is two things, namely: knowing whether the conditions of the geothermal reservoir are in accordance with geothermal energy utilization standards, and knowing whether the permeability is good enough for geothermal fluid flow. The research was conducted in the Gou area, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province The data processing method to be used focused on water geochemical analysis and remote sensing. Based on the straightness density conditions which are the results of remote sensing analysis, the research area has a good permeability zone. . Based on surface temperature conditions with the LST method and vegetation index with the NDVI method which is the result of remote sensing analysis, the study area has a temperature range of 6 ° C to 37 ° C, with a vegetation index level from low vegetation to medium vegetation. Based on the condition of the hydrothermal fluid, the results of geochemical analysis of water explain that the type of geothermal water in the study area is sulfate-chloride water and bicarbonate water. Hot springs are interpreted from one reservoir with zoning divided into upflow and outflow zones. The condition of maturity and water equilibrium in the study area is immature waters with estimates of dilution with meteoric water. The results of analysis for both remote sensing and water geochemistry show that the prospects in the research area are quite good and can be investigated or further explored."

"Penelitian ini berfokus pada menganalisis potensi terhadap manifestasi panas bumi berupa mata air panas yang berada di permukaan dan dapat diasosiasikan pada suatu sumber panas bumi di kedalaman permukaan. Lapangan daerah Maranda – Kawende, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode yaitu, metode analisis geokimia air dan metode penginderaan jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fluida air panas serta menentukan temperatur yang berada di bawah permukaan pada wilayah panas bumi daerah Maranda - Kawende. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian kali ini yaitu data sekunder salah satunya diambil oleh PSDMBP yang berfokus kepada data kation, anion serta pH. Terdapat persebaran manifestasi panas bumi berupa air panas dan air dingin yang terdiri dari dua mata air dingin, tiga air sungai, satu air laut dan dua puluh dua mata air panas. Pada analisis dari ke dua puluh tujuh manifestasi permukaan panas bumi berdasarkan analisis geokimia air didapatkan bahwa tipe air panas bumi menunjukan tipe air klorida dan klorida-bikarbonat. Sumber air panas bumi tidak bersumber dari satu reservoir yang sama serta kondisi air panas berada di fase immature waters dan partial equilibration diketahui juga air panas berasal dari air meteorik yang didominasi oleh air yang sudah mengalami pencampuran oleh air permukaan. Berdasarkan geoindikator didapatkan zona upflow berada di titik Ap.Maranda I. Pada metode penginderaan jauh mengintegrasikan beberapa data meliputi LST, NDVI, dan FFD serta data sekunder lainnya meliputi data geologi dan manifestasi permukaan. Melalui analisis tersebut, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat empat area potensi panas bumi. Area potensi A terletak pada daerah Maranda dengan koordinat UTM 227925 - 226909 mE dan UTM 9856819 - 9865793 mN serta memiliki luas 22 hektar. Area potensi B terletak pada Daerah Pantangolemba dengan koordinat 229991 - 233563 mE dan 9846449 - 9842678 mN serta memiliki luas 13 hektar. Area potensi C terletak pada daerah Pakareme dengan koordinat 220267 - 224571 mE dan 9878781 - 9875298 mN serta memiliki luas 14 hektar. Area potensi D terletak pada Daerah Pantangolemba dengan koordinat 216289 – 220800 mE dan 9866259 – 9863881 mN serta memiliki luas 10 hektar.

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This research focuses on analyzing the potential for geothermal manifestations in the form of hot springs that are on the surface and can be associated with a geothermal source in the depths of the surface. The Maranda – Kawende Regional Field, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, is one of the areas in Indonesia that has geothermal potential. This study uses two methods, namely, the method of water geochemical analysis and remote sensing methods. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the hot water fluid and determine the temperatur below the surface in the geothermal area of ??Maranda - Kawende. The data used in this research is secondary data, one of which was taken by PSDMBP which focuses on cation, anion and pH data. There is a distribution of geothermal manifestations in the form of hot water and cold water consisting of two cold springs, three rivers, one seawater and twenty-two hot springs. In the analysis of the twenty-seven geothermal surface manifestations based on water geochemistry analysis, it was found that the type of geothermal water shows the type of chloride and chloride-bicarbonate water. Geothermal water sources are not sourced from the same reservoir and the condition of the hot water is in the immature waters and partial equilibration phases. It is also known that hot water comes from meteoric water which is dominated by water that has experienced mixing with surface water. Based on the geoindicator, the upflow zone is located at Ap.Maranda I point. The remote sensing method integrates several data including LST, NDVI, and FFD as well as other secondary data including geological data and surface manifestations. Through this analysis, the results show that there are four geothermal potential areas. First, Potential area A is located in the Maranda Region with coordinates UTM 227925 - 226909 mE and UTM 9856819 - 9865793 mN and has an area of ??22 hectares. Second, potential area B is located in the Pantangolemba Region with coordinates 229991 - 233563 mE and 9846449 - 9842678 mN and has an area of ??13 hectares. Third, potential area C is located in the Pakareme Region with coordinates 220267 - 224571 mE and 9878781 - 9875298 mN and has an area of ??14 hectares. Potential area D is located in the Pantangolemba Region with coordinates 216289 – 220800 mE and 9866259 – 9863881 mN and has an area of ??10 hectares."

"Daerah penelitian Gimpu, Sulawesi Tengah merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi yang belum dilakukan eksplorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan wilayah potensi panas bumi pada daerah penelitian untuk dilakukan eksplorasi panas bumi. Metode penginderaan jauh dan geokimia air digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Daerah penelitian memiliki persebaran manifestasi panas bumi berupa 10 titik manifestasi yang terdiri dari 1 mata air dingin dan 9 mata air panas. Pada analisis penginderaan jauh yang mengintegrasikan data FFD, LST, dan NDVI menunjukkan bahwa pola kelurusan pada daerah penelitian berorientasi ke arah barat laut-tenggara dan barat daya-timur laut dengan tingkat densitas kelurusan sangat rendah–sangat tinggi. Densitas tersebut menunjukkan adanya pengaruh struktur geologi yang mengontrol kemunculan manifestasi panas bumi. Dilihat dari suhu permukaan, daerah penelitian memiliki suhu dari 9°C – 28°C dengan indeks tidak bervegetasi hingga vegetasi tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis geokimia air, tipe air panas bumi pada daerah penelitian didominasi oleh tipe klorida – bikarbonat dan bikarbonat. Manifestasi air panas bumi pada daerah penelitian memiliki kondisi immature waters yang telah mengalami pengenceran oleh air meteorik. Analis geoindikator menunjukkan bahwa zona outflow berada pada APB2. Analisis dengan kedua metode tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 3 area potensi panas bumi, yaitu area potensi A terletak pada daerah Lawua dengan koordinat dan 9.824.401 mU - 9.825.469 mU dan 838.813 mT - 841.766 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 5,2 km2 serta area potensi B terletak pada daerah OO Parese dengan koordinat 9.814.523 mU - 9.815.038 mU dan 839.871 mT - 843.504 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 3,2 km2 dan area potensi C terletak pada daerah Marena dengan koordinat 9.829.026 mU – 9.827.485 mU dan 839.045 mT – 840.730 mT yang memiliki luas sekitar 3 km2.

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The Gimpu research area, Central Sulawesi is one of the areas in Indonesia that has geothermal potential that has not been explored. This research aims to map the geothermal potential area in the research area for geothermal exploration. Remote sensing and water geochemistry methods are used to achieve this goal. The research area has a distribution of geothermal manifestations in the form of 10 manifestation points consisting of 1 cold spring and 9 hot springs. The remote sensing analysis that integrates FFD, LST, and NDVI data shows that the alignment pattern in the study area is oriented towards the northwest-southeast and southwest-northeast with very low-very high alignment density. The density indicates the influence of geological structures that control the appearance of geothermal manifestations. In terms of surface temperature, the study area has temperatures from 9°C - 28°C with an index from no vegetation to high vegetation. Based on water geochemical analysis, the type of geothermal water in the study area is dominated by chloride - bicarbonate and bicarbonate types. Geothermal water manifestations in the study area have immature waters that have been diluted by meteoric water. Geoindicator analysis shows that the outflow zone is in APB2. Analysis with both methods found that there are 3 areas of geothermal potential, namely potential area A located in the Lawua area with coordinates and 9,824,401 mU - 9,825,469 mU and 838,813 mT - 841,766 mT which has an area of about 5.2 km2 and potential area B located in the OO Parese area with coordinates 9. 814.523 mU - 9.815.038 mU and 839.871 mT - 843.504 mT which has an area of about 3.2 km2 and potential area C is located in the Marena area with coordinates 9.829.026 mU - 9.827.485 mU and 839.045 mT - 840.730 mT which has an area of about 3 km2."

"Lapangan Daerah Lainea, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara, merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang memiliki potensi panas bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode yaitu, metode analisis geokimia air dan metode penginderaan jauh. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan daerah yang berpotensi dalam dilakukannya eksplorasi panas bumi lebih lanjut. Terdapat persebaran manifestasi panas bumi berupa air panas dan air dingin yang terdiri dari dari satu mata air dingin dan dua belas mata air panas. Pada analisis dari ketiga belas manifestasi permukaan panas bumi berdasarkan analisis geokimia air didapatkan bahwa tipe air panas bumi menunjukan tipe air bikarbonat. Sumber air panas bumi bersumber dari satu reservoir yang sama serta kondisi air panas berada di fase immature waters dan air panas berasal dari air meteorik. Berdasarkan geoindikator didapatkan zona upflow berada di titik APL-3. Pada metode penginderaan jauh mengintegrasikan antara data primer meliputi LST, NDVI, dan FFD serta data sekunder meliputi data geologi dan manifestasi permukaan. Melalui analisis tersebut, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat dua area potensi panas bumi. Pertama, Area potensi A terletak pada Daerah Lainea dengan koordinat UTM 459539 – 459298 mE dan UTM 9516156 – 9515231 mN serta memiliki luas 256 hektar. Kedua, area potensi B terletak pada Daerah Kaendi dengan koordinat 455202 – 455542 mE dan 9517840 – 9517577 mN serta memiliki luas 26 hektar.

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Lainea Region, South Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, is one of the many areas in Indonesia with geothermal potential. This research uses two methods—water geochemistry analysis and remote sensing method. This research aims to determine which area has the potential for further geothermal exploration. Firstly, there are distributions of geothermal manifestations in the form of hot and cold springs, consisting of one cold spring and twelve hot springs, respectively. Within the analysis of these thirteen manifestations of the geothermal surface according to the water geochemistry analysis, it was found that the geothermal water consists of bicarbonate water. The geothermal water source comes from the same reservoir, and the condition of the hot spring in the immature waters phase comes from the meteoric waters. Based on the geoindicator, there is an upflow zone at the APL-3 point. Secondly, through the remote sensing method—integrating the primary data such as LST, NDVI, and FFD with secondary data such as geological data and surface manifestations. This analysis obtains that there are two potential geothermal areas. First, Potential Area A, located in Lainea Region with the coordinate UTM 459539 – 459298 mE and UTM 9516156 – 9515231 mN, covers 256 hectares of the area. Second, Potential Area B is in Kaendi Region with the coordinates 455202 – 455542 mE dan 9517840 – 9517577 mN and covers 26 hectares."