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"Penanganan cedera Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) berupa operasi rekonstruksidengan mengambil graft tendon pada tubuh pasien sendiri sebagai pengganti ACL.Peroneus Longus Tendon graft merupakan alternatif graft untuk meminimalisirkomplikasi yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan graft dari area sekitar lutut.Peroneus Longus tendon graft dikatakan memiliki komplikasi pada donor siteantara lain instabilitas ankle serta menurunnya kekuatan fleksi 1st ray dan eversiankle. Penelitian ini mencari perbedaan terkait dengan komplikasi donor sitedengan membandingkan tehnik pengambilan graft dengan dan tanpa penjahitanpada distal stump Peroneus Longus tendon terhadap peroneus brevis tendon.Penelitian ini adalah studi yang mencari hubungan antar variabel dengan desainrandomized controlled trial untuk mengetahui luaran fungsional secara subyektifdan obyektif. Rata-rata usia subyek adalah 26.08 ± 2.4 tahun. Dari 13 subjek, 11laki-laki dan 2 perempuan. Pada kelompok penjahitan didapatkan rerata deltakekuatan otot pre operasi terhadap 6 bulan pasca operasi 0.88±0.22 kg, sedangkanpada kelompok tanpa penjahitan adalah 0.67 (0.33-6) kg. Pada kelompok denganpenjahitan didapatkan rerata Clarke’s angle pasca operasi 6 bulan 39.67± 1.28derajat dan pada kelompok tanpa penjahitan distal stump adalah 39.5± 1.50 derajat.Pada pengukuran subyektif The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score(AOFAS), dan visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA), kelompok denganpenjahitan lebih superior daripada tanpa penjahitan dalam hal kenyamanan pasien.Pengambilan graft peroneus longus baik dengan dan tanpa penjahitan distal stumptidak menurunkan kekuatan otot plantarfleksi dan tidak menyebabkan perubahanbentuk arch kaki. Penjahitan distal stump saat pengambilan graft peroneus longusmengurangi kemungkinan komplikasi nyeri baik pada 3 bulan dan 6 bulan pascaoperasi.

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rupture treatment is a reconstructive surgery by

taking a tendon graft on the patient's own body as a substitute for ACL. Peroneus

Longus Tendon graft is an alternative graft to minimize complications related to

the use of graft from the area around the knee. Peroneus Longus tendon graft is

said to have complications at donor sites including ankle instability and decreased

flexion strength of 1st ray and ankle eversion. This study looked for differences

related to donor site complications by comparing graft harvest techniques with and

without suturing of the Peroneus Longus tendon distal stump to the peroneus brevis

tendon. This study is a study that looks for relationships between variables with

randomized controlled trial designs to find out functional outcomes subjectively

and objectively. The mean age of the subjects was 26.08 ± 2.4 years. Of the 13

subjects, 11 were male and 2 were female. In the suturing group, the mean preoperative

delta muscle strength of 6 months postoperatively was 0.88 ± 0.22 kg,

whereas in the group without suturing it was 0.67 (0.33-6) kg. In the group with

suturing, the mean Clarke’s angle postoperatively was obtained 6 months 39.67 ±

1.28 degrees and in the group without distal stump suturing was 39.5 ± 1.50

degrees. In the subjective measurements of The American Orthopedic Foot and

Ankle Score (AOFAS), and visual analogue scale foot and ankle (VAS-FA), group

with suturing are superior to those without suturing in terms of patient comfort.

Peroneus longus graft harvesting both with and without distal stump suturing does

not decrease plantarflexion muscle strength and does not cause changes in foot

arch. Distal stump suturing reduces the"

"The atomic force microscope (AFM) has been successfully used to perform nanorobotic manipulation operations on nanoscale entities such as particles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanocrystals, and DNA since 1990s.There have been many progress on modeling, imaging, teleoperated or automated control, human-machine interfacing, instrumentation, and applications of AFM based nanorobotic manipulation systems in literature. "

"This textbook examines the short- and long-term impacts of ACL injuries on the basis of hundreds of published studies. Risk factors for such injuries are explored using data from hypothesis-driven investigations, and possible causes of the higher risk of noncontact ACL injuries in female athletes are analyzed. Neuromuscular training programs shown to reduce the rate of these injuries in female athletes are described in step-by-step detail with the aid of numerous color photographs and video demonstrations. In addition, detailed descriptions are provided for rehabilitation programs to be used after ACL reconstruction in order to reduce the risk of a future injury."

"Latar Belakang: Cedera ligamen krusiatum anterior (ACL) yang meliputi regangan, robekan sebagian maupun robekan total pada lutut sering diderita atlet baik professional maupun amatir. Rekonstruksi ACL merupakan pengobatan standar robekan total ACL. Salah satu kunci keberhasilan rekonstruksi ACL adalah kestabilan fiksasi graft. Penggunaan fixed loop device (FLD) dan adjustable loop device (ALD) sebagai fiksasi graft mempunyai potensi terjadinya pergeseran/slippage loop graft. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan adakah perbedaan bermakna slippage loop graft pada ALD dibanding FLD pada rekonstruksi ligamen krusiatum anterior di sisi femoral.              Metode: Penelitian ini adalah studi eksperimen kadaver di laboratorium forensik RS Polri Dr Soekanto dengan memakai graft tendon peroneus longus sebagai pengganti ACL. FLD menggunakan femobutton (FB), sedangkan ALD menggunakan 3 produk berbeda, lift loop (LL), ultrabutton (UB) dan infinity (IF). Dengan menggunakan 16 lutut pada 8 kadaver, masing-masing alat menggunakan 4 lutut. Pengukuran slippage dilakukan dengan penandaan ke-1 di pangkal graft tunnel tibia, setelah dilakukan pumping pada sendi lutut kemudian dilakukan penandaan ke-2 di pangkal graft tunnel tibia. Perbedaan antara penandaan ke-1 dengan ke-2 merupakan slippage loop graft yang diukur dengan pengukur. Slippage yang terjadi dilakukan pengukuran dan dilakukan perbandingan pada ALD dan FLD.                                                                                                                            Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan slippage 1 mm pada FLD, sedangkan pada ALD didapatkan slippage > 1 mm. Analisis slippage tunnel tibia (rerata + SD) pada kelompok FLD=1,0±0,0 mm lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan kelompok ALD=1,6±0,2 mm (p<0,001). Berdasarkan jenis ALD diperoleh slippage (rerata + SD) yang terjadi pada kelompok IF, UB, dan LL masing-masing adalah 1,5±0,1 mm, 1,6±0,1 mm, 1,9±0,2 mm (p<0,001). Analisis post hoc menunjukkan hanya antara UB dengan IF (p>0,05) yang ukuran slippage tidak bermakna secara statistik.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada pergeseran/slippage loop graft antara penggunaan ALD dengan FLD. Dan juga perbedaan bermakna ukuran slippage antar jenis ALD. Pemanfaatan FLD sebagai alat fiksasi pada rekonstruksi ACL lebih sesuai berdasarkan ukuran slippage loop graft.

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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries which include strains, partial tears or total tears in the knee are often suffered by athletes, both professional and amateur. ACL reconstruction is the standard treatment for a total ACL tear. One of the keys to successful ACL reconstruction is the stability of graft fixation. The use of fixed loop devices (FLD) and adjustable loop devices (ALD) as graft fixation has the potential for slippage loop graft. This study aims to show whether there is a significant difference slippage loop graft in ALD compared to FLD in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament on the femoral side.         

Method: This research is an experimental study of cadavers in the forensic laboratory of Dr Soekanto Police Hospital using a peroneus longus tendon graft as a replacement for the ACL. FLD uses a femobutton (FB), while ALD uses 3 different products, lift loop (LL), ultrabutton (UB) and infinity (IF). Using 16 knees on 8 cadavers, each tool uses 4 knees. Slippage measurements were carried out with the 1st marking at the base of the tibial tunnel graft, after pumping the knee joint, then the 2nd marking was carried out at the base of the tibial tunnel graft. The difference between the 1st and 2nd markings is slippage loop graft. The slippage that occurs is measured and a comparison is made between ALD and FLD.                                       

Results: The research results showed that slippage was 1 mm on FLD, while on ALD slippage was > 1 mm. Analysis of tibial tunnel slippage (mean + SD) in the FLD group = 1.0 ± 0.0 mm was shorter than in the ALD group = 1.6 ± 0.2 mm (p < 0.001). Based on the type of ALD, the slippage (mean + SD) that occurred in the IF, UB, and LL groups was 1.5 ± 0.1 mm, 1.6 ± 0.1 mm, 1.9 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. (p<0.001). Post hoc analysis showed that only between UB and IF (p>0.05) the slippage measure was not statistically significant.           

Conclusion: This study shows a significant difference slippage loop graft between the use of ALD and FLD. And also significant differences in slippage size between ALD types. The use of FLD as a fixation tool in ACL reconstruction is more appropriate based on the size of the slippage loop graft."

"This book gives a concise introduction into the method and describes various experimental techniques. Surface potential studies on semiconductor materials, nanostructures and devices are described, as well as application to molecular and organic materials. The current state of surface potential at the atomic scale is also considered. "

"This book covers all facets of atom probe microscopy, including field ion microscopy, field desorption microscopy and a strong emphasis on atom probe tomography."