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"Latar Belakang: Karies melibatkan banyak faktor dalam proses pembetukan dan perkembangannya. CAMBRA adalah metode penilaian risiko karies yang melibatkan banyak faktor dalam perhitungannya. CAMBRA telah digunakan secar umum dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia untuk usia 0-5 tahun telah dibuat dan tervalidasi. CAMBRA membutuhkan pemeriksaan klinis dan wawancara dalam penilaian risiko karies yang terkadang menjadi keterbatasan karena membutuhkan kontak langsung. Smartphone dan aplikasi kesehatan di dalamnya merupakan salah satu bentuk perkembangan teknologi yang memungkinkan pejaringan informasi tanpa kontak langsung. Tujuan: Menganalisis perbedaan hasil penilaian risiko karies pada aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan di RSKMG FKG UI, taman kanak-kanak, dan PAUD. Subjek penelitian adalah 36 orang tua dengan anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sampel mengisi aplikasi SKOR GIGI secara mandiri dan 6 hari kemudian dilakukan penilaian risiko karies dengan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesi. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna hasil penilaian risiko karies dengan aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun tanpa karies. Kesimpulan: Aplikasi SKOR GIGI dapat digunakan untuk menilai risiko karies anak usia 0-5 tahun

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Background: Many factors are involved in caries formation and development. CAMBRA is a caries risk assessment method that involves many factors in its calculation. CAMBRA is widely used and Indonesian version of CAMBRA for ages 0-5 has been made and validated. CAMBRA requires clinical examination and interviews in assessing caries rich which sometimes can be a limitation because it requires direct contact. Smartphones and health applications are developed nowadays to allow information gathering without direct contact.

Objective: To analyze the differences in results of caries risk assessment by CAMBRA Indonesian version and SKOR GIGI application in 0-5 years children without caries.

Methods: The study was conducted at RSKMG FKG UI, kindergarten, and PAUD. Subjects were 36 parents with children aged 0-5 in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The sample filled out SKOR GIGI application independently and 6 days later a caries risk assessment was carried out using CAMBRA Indonesia version.

Results: There was no significant difference in the results of the caries risk assessment by SKOR GIGI application and CAMBRA Indonesian version in 0-5 years children without caries.

Conclusion: SKOR GIGI application can be used to assess the caries risk of children aged 0-5 years."

"Latar Belakang : Karies gigi adalah penyakit multifaktorial yang dimana terjadinya karies tergantung dari berbagai faktor. CAMBRA adalah sebuah petunjuk komprehensif bagi para dokter gigi dalam melakukan penilaian suatu risiko karies pada individu. 1 Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi saat ini semakin penting dalam kehidupan sosial masyarakat, seperti semakin meluasnya penggunaan internet dan  smartphone. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan hasil penilaian pada aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi Bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan karies. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan total 36 sampel  yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Peneliti melakukan uji validitas reliabilitas terlebih dahulu pada 18 pernyataan yang akan digunakan pada aplikasi SKOR GIG dengan menggunakan Google Form. 36 sampel diperiksa menggunakan SKOR GIGI dan 6 hari kemudian dilakukan penilaian dengan CAMBRA versi Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil dari 2 penilaian tersebut kemudian dibandingkan untuk didapatkan hasil penelitian. Hasil : 18 butir pernyataan pada aplikasi SKOR GIGI dinyatakan valid dan reliabel. Hasil uji McNemar menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara penilaian risiko karies dengan menggunakan aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan CAMBRA versi Bahasa Indonesia yang menandakan bahwa aplikasi SKOR GIGI mampu melakukan penilaian risiko karies yang sama seperti CAMBRA versi Bahasa Indonesia.Kesimpulan : Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada hasil penilaian risiko karies dengan menggunakan aplikasi SKOR GIGI dan dengan menggunakan CAMBRA versi Bahasa Indonesia pada anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan karies.

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Background : Dental caries is a multifactorial disease in which the occurrence of caries depends on various factors. CAMBRA is a comprehensive guide for dentists in assessing an individual's caries risk. CAMBRA can carry out a systematic caries risk assessment and generate a caries risk level. The development of communication technology is currently increasingly important in people's social lives, such as the increasingly widespread use of the internet and  smartphones.

Objective: This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the results of caries risk assessment of  smartphone applications SKOR GIGI and CAMBRA Indonesian Version in the group of children aged 0-5 years with caries.

Methods : This research was conducted with a total of 36 samples that met the inclusion criteria. Researchers carried out examination in 36 samples using the SKOR GIGI and 6 days later an assessment using the Indonesian version of CAMBRA. The results of the 2 assessments were then compared to obtain research results.

Results : 18 statement items in the SKOR GIGI application are declared valid and reliable. The results of the McNemar test showed that there was no significant difference between the caries risk assessment using the Indonesian version of CAMBRA and  smartphone application SKOR GIGI, indicating that SKOR GIGI application was able to perform the same caries risk assessment as the Indonesian version of CAMBRA.  

Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the results of the caries risk assessment using the SKOR GIGI application and using the Indonesian version of CAMBRA in children aged 0-5 years with caries."

"Karies merupakan penyakit rongga mulut yang banyak diderita oleh anak. Di Indonesia, sekitar 90% anak usia pra sekolah mengalami karies gigi. Salah satu pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan melakukan penilaian risiko kareis gigi. Penilaian risiko karies dapat menilai faktor-faktor risiko karies yang ada pada setiap individu. Penilaian risiko karies yang telah ada berupa formulir yang diisi oleh dokter gigi melalui wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Selama masa pandemi, terjadi penurunan kunjungan orang tua untuk membawa anaknya ke dokter gigi. Sehingga pembuatan aplikasi penilaiain risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android dilakukan agar orang tua dapat menilai risiko karies gigi anak usia 0-5 tahun. Pemahaman seseorang terhadap suatu informasi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang penilaian risiko karies CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar dilakukan. Tujuan : penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hasil penilaian risiko karies gigi CAMBRA Indonesia berbasis android “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun pada orang tua berpendidikan dasar. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini dilakukan di TK, PAUD dan RSGMP FKG UI. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan terhadap 37 orang tua dan anak yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan menandatangani surat persetujuan. Orang tua diminta untuk mengisi aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” kemudian setelah 6 hari, dokter gigi mengisi formulir CAMBRA Indonesia melalui wawancara dengan orang tua dan pemeriksaan klinis terhadap anak. Hasil pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia diuji secara statistik. Hasil : Uji validitas menunjukkan angka sensitivitas sebesar 92,9%, spesifisitas sebesar 100%, NDP 100% dan NDN 81%. Dari uji komparasi didapatkan hasil tidak terdapat berbeda bermakna antara hasil aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia. Kesimpulan : Tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil antara pemeriksaan risiko karies aplikasi “SKOR GIGI” dengan formulir CAMBRA Indonesia untuk anak usia 0-5 tahun dengan orang tua berpendidikan dasar.

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Caries is an oral disease that mostly affects children. In Indonesia, about 90% of pre-school age children experience dental caries. One of the prevention that can be done is by conducting a risk assessment of dental caries. Caries risk assessment can assess the caries risk factors that exist in each individual. The existing caries risk assessment is in the formulir of a formulir filled out by the dentist through interviews and clinical examinations. During the pandemic, there was a decrease in parental visits to take their children to the dentist. So that the creation of an Android-based CAMBRA Indonesia caries risk assessment application is carried out so that parents can assess the risk of dental caries in children aged 0-5 years. A person's understanding of an informuliration is influenced by the level of education. Therefore, a research on the caries risk assessment of CAMBRA Indonesia based on the android “SKOR GIGI” for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education was carried out. Objective: This study aims to see the results of the CAMBRA Indonesia dental caries risk assessment based on the android "SKOR GIGI" with CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education. Research Methods: This research was conducted in TK, PAUD and RSGMP FKG UI. Sampling was carried out on 37 parents and children who met the inclusion criteria and signed a letter of consent. Parents were asked to fill out the “SKOR GIGI” application then after 6 days, the dentist filled out CAMBRA Indonesia form through interviews with parents and clinical examination of the child. The results of the caries risk assessment using the “SKOR GIGI” application with CAMBRA Indonesia form were statistically tested. Results: The validity test showed a sensitivity of 92.9%, specificity of 100%, NDP 100% and NDN 81%. From the comparative test, the results showed that there was no significant difference between the results of the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form. Conclusion: There is no difference in the results between the caries risk assessment using the "SKOR GIGI" application and CAMBRA Indonesia form for children aged 0-5 years in parents with basic education."

"Latar Belakang: Asupan makanan merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab karies gigi dengan prevalensi yang sangat tinggi di Indonesia terutama pada anak usia sekolah. Tingkat konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Indonesia masih cukup rendah, padahal jenis makanan ini dikenal dapat merangsang aliran dan meningkatkan kemampuan makan anak. self-cleansing saliva yang penting dalam pencegahan karies. Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan kejadian karies pada gigi geraham pertama permanen pada anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan menggunakan kuesioner frekuensi makanan dan pemeriksaan klinis anak usia 8 sampai 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. 109 anak di Jakarta Pusat diperiksa karies dengan klasifikasi ICDAS. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan nilai median frekuensi konsumsi sayur per hari pada anak adalah 1,6 (0-8,14) dan 1,4 (0-5). Sebanyak 98,2% anak mengalami karies gigi dan 63,3% anak mengalami karies terbatas pada email. Hubungan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies ditemukan sangat lemah dan tidak signifikan. Kesimpulan: Tingkat frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah pada anak di Jakarta Pusat masih rendah, dan prevalensi karies cukup tinggi. Hubungan yang lemah dan tidak signifikan antara frekuensi konsumsi sayur dan buah dengan karies menunjukkan bahwa ada faktor lain penyebab karies yang harus dikendalikan.

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Background: Food intake is one of the factors causing dental caries with a very high prevalence in Indonesia, especially in school-age children. The level of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Indonesia is still quite low, even though this type of food is known to stimulate flow and improve children's eating abilities. self-cleansing saliva which is important in caries prevention. Objective: To analyze the relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit with the incidence of caries in the permanent first molars in children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical examination of children aged 8 to 9 years in Central Jakarta. 109 children in Central Jakarta were examined for caries with the ICDAS classification. Results: This study found the median frequency of vegetable consumption per day in children was 1.6 (0-8.14) and 1.4 (0-5). A total of 98.2% of children had dental caries and 63.3% of children had caries limited to enamel. The relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries was found to be very weak and insignificant. Conclusion: The frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruit in children in Central Jakarta is still low, and the prevalence of caries is quite high. The weak and insignificant relationship between the frequency of consumption of vegetables and fruits with caries indicates that there are other factors that cause caries that must be controlled."

"Karies gigi adalah salah satu penyakit menular kronis yang palingumum pada anak-anak usia prasekolah. Bentuk agresif karies gigi pada gigi sulung anakdi bawah, sampai dengan usia 71 bulan disebut dengan Early Childhood Caries (ECC).Indonesia melaporkan prevalensi dan keparahan ECC yang tinggi hingga mencapai angka90%. DKI Jakarta memiliki prevalensi sebesar 81,2%. Faktor risiko utama ECC yaituhost (gigi dan saliva), mikroorganisme kariogenik, dan karbohidrat (substrat).Mikroorganisme kariogenik yang berperan yaitu Streptococcus mutans. Penelitian diJakarta pada anak usia 3-5 tahun yang memiliki karies, menunjukkan bahwa serotipe fmerupakan jenis yang paling banyak di temukan (85,5%), diikuti dengan serotipe c(74,2%), serotipe e (22,6%) dan serotipe d (19,4%). Penelitian lainnya di Jakartamenemukan bahwa kombinasi serotipe c dan f lebih tinggi pada anak yang memilikikaries. Streptococcus mutans serotipe c dan f berperan dalam patogenesis karies gigi, haltersebut sesuai dengan tingginya tingkat karies gigi di Indonesia. Salah satu faktor hostyaitu saliva, merupakan cairan tubuh yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsurorganik dan anorganik yang penting untuk kesehatan rongga mulut. Komposisi proteinsaliva seperti Lactoferrin sangat penting karena memiliki kemampuan antibakteri sertaberperan dalam sistem imun bawaan dan adaptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untukmenganalisis kadar Lactoferrin saliva antara anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) danbebas karies pada usia 3-5 tahun. Metode penelitian: Desain penelitian ini adalah potonglintang analitik secara laboratorik. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 14 anak dengan ECCdan 14 anak bebas karies. Saliva didapat dari seluruh subjek dan kadar LF diukurmenggunakan metode ELISA sandwich. Hasil: Analisis data menggunakan uji MannWhitney U menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar Lactoferrin anakECC dan anak bebas karies dengan nilai p=0,006 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: KadarLactoferrin saliva anak Early Childhood Caries (ECC) lebih tinggi dari anak bebas kariesyang menunjukkan bahwa Lactoferrin dapat menjadi indikator peningkatan risiko EarlyChildhood Caries (ECC).Backgrounds: Dental caries is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases inpreschool children. The aggressive form of dental caries in the primary teeth of childrenunder and up to the age of 71 months is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). Indonesiareports a high prevalence and severity of ECC (90%). DKI Jakarta has a prevalence81.2%. The main risk factors for ECC are hosts (teeth and saliva), cariogenicmicroorganisms, and carbohydrates (substrates). The cariogenic microorganisms thatplay a role are Streptococcus mutans. Research in Jakarta on children aged 3-5 years whohad caries, showed that serotype f was the most common type (85.5%), followed byserotype c (74.2%), serotype e (22.6%) and serotype d (19.4%). Another study in Jakartafound that the combination of serotypes c and f was higher in children with caries.Streptococcus mutans serotypes c and f play a role in the pathogenesis of dental caries,which is consistent with the high level of dental caries in Indonesia. One of host factor,saliva, is a complex body fluid consist of organic and inorganic elements that areimportant for oral health. Salivary protein such as Lactoferrin is very important becauseit has antibacterial ability and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunesystem. The purpose of this study is to analyze Lactoferrin levels between EarlyChildhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The designof this study is cross-sectional analytical laboratory. This study was conducted on 14children with ECC and 14 caries-free children. Saliva were taken from all subjects and theLactoferrin levels were measured using ELISA sandwich method. Results: Data analysisusing the Mann Whitney U test showed that there were significant differences betweenthe levels of salivary Lactoferrin in children with ECC and caries-free children with pvalue0,006 (p<0,05). Conclusion: Salivary Lactoferrin levels in Early ChildhoodCaries (ECC) were higher than caries-free children which indicate that Lactoferrin canbe an indicator of an increased risk of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)."

"Latar Belakang: Berbagai studi menunjukkan hubungan status kesehatan gigi dan mulut orang tua dan anak. Keterlibatan pengaruh intergenerasi dalam paradigma life course memungkinkan penelitian untuk melihat hubungan pengalaman karies antar dua generasi dan faktor-faktor yang mungkin ada dalam lintas generasi. Objektif: Analisis hubungan pengalaman karies orang tua dan faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun di Indonesia. Metode: Studi observasional cross-sectional menggunakan data sekunder Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 pada anak dengan gigi sulung usia 3-11 tahun beserta ayah dan ibu kandungnya yang dilakukan wawancara dan pemeriksaan klinis. Hasil: Anak-anak dengan ayah yang memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 2,154) lebih berisiko untuk mengalami karies pada gigi sulung mereka dibandingkan ketika ibu mereka memiliki pengalaman karies (OR = 1,538). Persepsi tentang masalah kesehatan gigi anak (OR = 1,412), praktik menyikat gigi anak (OR = 1,257), dan praktik menyikat gigi ibu (OR = 1,248) memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak. Perilaku dalam keluarga menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara orang tua dan anak-anak mereka. Kesimpulan: Pengalaman karies orang tua, begitu pula faktor-faktor tingkat individu dan keluarga, memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan pengalaman karies anak pada gigi sulung; sejalan dengan model life course intergenerasi.

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Background: Several studies show association between parent’s oral health status and that of their children. Intergenerational complicity in life course approach paradigm enables investigation to assess the relationship between two generations’ caries experience and factors that may exist across generation.

Objective: Analyse relationship between parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, with their children’s caries experience in primary teeth aged 3-11 years in Indonesia.

Method: Cross-sectional observational study using secondary data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018 on children with primary teeth aged 3-11 years with their biological father and mother who went through interview and clinical examination.

Results: Children whose father has caries experience (OR = 2,154) pose a greater risk of having caries experience in their primary teeth compared to when their mother has it (OR = 1,538). Perception about child’s dental health (OR = 1,412), child’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,257), and mother’s toothbrushing practice (OR = 1,248) were significantly associated with children’s caries experience. Behaviors established within family show significant association between parents and their children.

Conclusion: Parent’s caries experience, as well as individual-and family-level factors, have significant association with their children’s primary teeth caries experience; which complies with intergenerational life course model."

"Latar Belakang: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi di dunia. Saliva memiliki berbagai peran di dalam rongga mulut yang berhubungan dengan karies. Total Antioxidant Capacity berperan dalam melindungi tubuh dari berbagai kondisi patologis. Tujuan: Menganalisis konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva bebas karies dan early childhood caries dihubungkan dengan OHI-S, dmf-t, serta viskositas dan laju alir saliva. Metode: Sampel saliva tersimpan sebanyak 33 sampel yang diperoleh dari anak usia di bawah 71 bulan dengan kondisi bebas karies dan early childhood caries diuji dengan menggunakan total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak bebas karies dan early childhood caries, terdapat korelasi linier positif sedang antara konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan skor dmf-t, tidak terdapat perbedaan konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity dalam saliva anak dengan kategori OHI-S baik dan sedang, laju alir saliva tinggi dan sedang, serta viskositas saliva encer dan kental. Kesimpulan: Konsentrasi Total Antioxidant Capacity pada saliva early childhood caries lebih tinggi dibandingkan bebas karies.

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Background: Dental caries is a common disease worldwide. Saliva has a big role in oral cavity associated with dental caries. Total Antioxidant Capacity has a role to protect the body from any pathological condition. Objective: Analysing Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration of Early Childhood Caries and Caries Free saliva and its relation to OHI-S, dmf-t, and salivary flow rate and viscosity. Method: 33 stored saliva samples of children under 71 month old with early childhood caries and caries free tested using total antioxidant capacity assay kit. Result: There is a significant difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of caries free and early childhood caries children, there is a moderate linear positive correlation between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration and dmf-t. There is no difference between Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of children with good and moderate OHI-S, high and moderate salivary flow rate, and watery and thick saliva. Conclusion: Total Antioxidant Capacity concentration in saliva of early childhood caries children is higher than caries free."

"Masalah gigi berlubang atau karies masih banyak dikeluhkan oleh anak-anak dan dewasa dan tidak bisa dibiarkan hinggah parah yang akan menimbulkan masalah kesehatan misalnya infeksi, kronis, ketidaknyamanan, dan kecacatan pada gigi dan mulut. Rata-rata pasien ke dokter gigi mengalami kerusakan gigi karies yang sudah parah, tingginya keparahan karies gigi di Indonesia menyebabkan besarnya kebutuhan perawatan yang kompleks mulai dari tindakan pencegahan sampai dengan perawatan saluran akar (endodontik). Perawatan karies pulpa yaitu perawatan saluran akar (endodontik) mempunyai resiko tinggi dalam kecelakaan medis. Pada masa Covid-19 telah mengubah sistem perawatan kesehatan yang ada di seluruh dunia, terutama tindakan kedokteran gigi yaitu endodontik yang sangat rentan tertular Covid-19. Di Indosesia kasus Covid-19 masih sangat tinggi dan berefek langsung pada dokter gigi, disisi lain dokter gigi dituntut harus menjalani sikap profesional dalam melayani pasiennya. Pada penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profesional dokter gigi umum dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa, Indonesia. Metodenya subjeknya yaitu dokter gigi dari Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia (PDGI) Cabang Makassar dan PDGI Gowa yang berpraktek pada masa Covid-19. Kuisioner Online diberikan kepada dokter gigi, dan sebanyak 231 responden penelitian ini. Uji statistic untuk melihat gambaran Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku profesional dokter gigi dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makasaar dan Kabupaten Gowa (N=231). Pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 231 responden, ditemukan sebanyak 126 (54.5%) responden menunjukkan Perilaku Baik sedangkan Perilaku Kurang hanya 105 (45.5%) responden, Sikap Baik sebanyak 165 (71.4%) sedangkan Sikap Kurang hanya 66 (28.6%) responden dan Pengetahuan Baik sebanyak 204 (88.3%) sedangkan Pengetahuan Kurang hanya 27 (11.7%) responden. Pengaruh perilaku profesional dokter gigi dalam penatalaksanaan karies pulpa saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kota Makasaar dan Kabupaten Gowa dan sekitar 45.5 % dokter gigi yang perilakunya kurang dalam melakukan perawatan saluran akar gigi dimasa Covid-19. Maka dari itu PDGI sebagai organisasi profesi dokter gigi mengevaluasi anggotanya dan melakukan sosialisasi tentang profesional dalam praktek kedokteran gigi dimasa Covid-19

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The problem of cavities or caries is still a lot of complaints by children and adults and cannot be allowed to get worse which will cause health problems such as infection, chronic, discomfort, and defects in the teeth and mouth. The average patient to the dentist experiences severe carious tooth decay, the high severity of dental caries in Indonesia causes the need for complex treatment ranging from preventive measures to root canal (endodontic) treatment. Treatment of pulp caries, namely root canal (endodontic) treatment, has a high risk of medical accidents. In times of Covid-19has changed the existing health care system around the world, especially dentistry, namely endodontics which is very vulnerable to contracting Covid-19. In Indonesia, Covid-19 cases are still very high and have a direct effect on dentists, on the other hand dentists are required to undergo a professional attitude in serving their patients.

In this study, to find outprofessional general dentist in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency, Indonesia.The method is subject to dentists from the Indonesian Dental Association (PDGI) Makassar Branch and PDGI Gowa who practiced during the Covid-19 period. Online questionnaires were given to dentists, and as many as 231 respondents in this study.A statistical test to see a description of the knowledge, attitudes, and professional behavior of dentists in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency (N=231). In this study, it was found that out of 231 respondents, it was found that 126 (54.5%) respondents showed good behavior while poor behavior was only 105 (45.5%) respondents, good attitude was 165 (71.4%) while poor attitude was only 66 (28.6%) respondents and Good Knowledge is 204 (88.3%) while Poor Knowledge is only 27 (11.7%) respondents. The influence of professional behavior of dentists in the management of pulp caries during the Covid-19 pandemic in Makassar City and Gowa Regency and about 45.5% of dentists whose behavior was lacking in carrying out root canal treatment during the Covid-19 period. Therefore, PDGI as a dental professional organization evaluates its members and conducts socialization about professionals in dental practice during the Covid-19 period."

"Karies dapat mengenai gigi sulung dan gigi tetap. Gigi sulung lebih rentan terhadap terjadinya karies karena struktur dan morfologinya yang berbeda dari gigi tetap. Bakteri Mutans Streptococci yang paling banyak berada dalam rongga mulut manusia adalah S. mutans dan S. sobrinus. S.mutans merupakan spesies bakteri utama yang mengawali karies gigi manusiadan patogen yang paling umum terdapat pada plak gigi. Ibu sebagai pengasuh utama sering dianggap menjadi sumber infeksi terbesar bagi anak yang memiliki S.mutans dan atau S.sobrinus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya hubunganS.mutans serotipe c dan S.sobrinus serotipe d antara ibu-anak serta mengetahui hubungan status karies diantaranya. Sampel penelitian diambil dari plak gigi 48 pasangan ibu dan anaknya yang menderita karies dan diperiksa menggunakan PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah S.sobrinus serotipe d mendominasi keseluruhan subyek penelitian. Terdapat hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara status karies anak-ibu dengan distribusi S.mutans serotipe c danS.sobrinus serotipe d. Uji korelasi skor def-t dengan DMF-T menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna, yang berarti bahwa def-t anak akan meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan DMF-T ibu. Hubungan S.mutans serotipe c antara anak dan ibu ditemukan tidak bermakna dengan hubungan sangat lemah sedangkan hubungan S.sobrinus serotipe d antara anak dan ibu bermakna walau hubungannya lemah. Perilaku dan pengetahuan kesehatan gigi ibu berhubungan dengan pengalaman karies gigi anak melalui transmisi S.mutans dan S.sobrinus secara vertikal.

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Dental caries may occur in the primary and permanent teeth. Primary teeth are more susceptible to caries due to the different structure and morphology compared to permanent teeth . The most bacteria of Mutans Streptococci found in the human oral cavity are S. mutans and S. sobrinus .While S. mutans is also the main species of bacteria that initiate dental caries humans and the most common pathogens found in dental plaque. Mother as the primary caregiver is often considered to be the biggest source of infection for children with S. mutans and or S.sobrinus. This study aims to investigate the relationship of serotypes c S. mutans and serotype d S.sobrinusbetween mother - child relationship and to know the status of caries among others . Samples were taken from dental plaque of 48 pairs mothers and their children who suffer from caries and examined using PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) . Results indicate that the number of serotype d S. sobrinus dominates whole subject of research . There is no significant relationship between caries status of the child - mother with the distribution of serotype c S. mutans and serotype d S.sobrinus. Correlation test scores def-t with DMF-T showed a significant relationship, which means that def-t will increase along with the increase of DMF-T. S.mutans serotypec relationship between the child and the mother was found to be significantly associated with a very weak relationship whereas S.sobrinus serotypes d relationship between the child and mother meaningful relationship despite weak . Behavioral and dental health knowledge mother dealing with dental caries experience of children through vertical transmission of S. mutans and S.sobrinus ."

"Data epidemiologi surveilan harus memiliki nilai validitas dan reliabilitas tinggi. Indek CAST berpotensi sebagai alat penilaian epidemiologi karies gigi. Perawat gigi termasuk tenaga pelaksana upaya kesehatan gigi dalam program skrining. Tujuan: mendapatkan tingkat kesesuaian antara perawat gigi dan dokter gigi dalam menilai kebutuhan perawatan karies gigi anak umur 6-12 tahun menggunakan indek CAST. Uji diagnostik pendekatan crossectional pada 95 anak 6-12 tahun, pemeriksaan klinik, analisis pearson korelasion, ICC dan ROC. Tingkat kesesuaian antar pengamat baik (ICC 0,59-0,97). Sensitivitas dan spesifisitas cukup baik (sensitivitas 70-100%), dan spesifisitas (51-100%). Perawat gigi dapat menjadi salah satu tenaga epidemiologi suveilans dalam penilaian kebutuhan perawatan karies menggunakan indek CAST.

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Epidemiological surveillance data should have high values in validity and reliability. Index CAST were a potential epidemiology tools for dental caries assessment. Dental nurses are the executive personnel for screening programs in dental health care. To get the compatibility between dentists and dental nurses in assessing care needs of dental caries by using CAST index in children 6-12 years old.Diagnostic test with Cross Sectional approach, samples consists of 95 children between 6-12 years old, clinical examination, and all data analyzed by Pearson correlation, ICC and ROC tests respectively. There are good level of concordance between the observers (ICC 0.59 to 0.97) and the sensitivity and specificity values were good enough (sensitivity 70-100%) and specificity (51- 100%). Dental nurse can be one of the surveillance epidemiologists in the assessment of dental caries care needs by using CAST index."